Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ethnobotanical Uses

Among Andean communities in Ecuador and Peru, hot infusions and decoctions of Cinchona pubescens bark are prepared as daily febrifuge and digestive drinks, particularly for intermittent fevers and after heavy meals. In Ecuador, Kichwa communities reported febrifuge decoctions using 4–6 g of bark boiled in water (J. Jaramillo, 1987), while high‑altitude Quichua groups in southern Peru used bark infusions (Moser & Gill, 2000). In Peru’s Amazonian lowlands, Shipibo‑Conibo healers traditionally take bark decoctions to treat fevers and gastrointestinal complaints (Raintree Tropical Database, 1999). In Europe, bark teas and macerations were consumed as quinine‑containing “Peruvian bark” preparations from the 18th century onward, a practice documented in classic ethnobotanical monographs on Cinchona (R. Mosca & J. Cuello, 1985). In all of these regions, the bitter bark is the plant part used.

A practical preparation is a mild bark tea. Place about 1 g of chopped bark in 200–250 mL of water, bring to a boil, and simmer gently for 10–15 minutes; cool and strain. This single serving can be taken as needed or up to three times daily for fever support, aligning with the range reported in the WHO monograph on Cinchona bark (World Health Organization, 1999). For a concentrated extract, a 1:5 ethanol tincture is used in herbal practice: macerate 20 g of dried bark with 100 mL of 45% ethanol in a sealed jar for 2 weeks, shaking daily, then strain. Typical historical practice suggests 1–2 mL taken two to three times per day; follow label directions or professional advice. Safety notes: the bark contains quinine and related alkaloids and may cause cinchonism at higher doses; avoid in pregnancy and lactation and in known sensitivity to quinine or quinidine. Many countries regulate quinine‑containing herbal products, and self‑medicating for malaria is discouraged; seek qualified care for suspected malaria or severe illness.

The main alkaloids include quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, and cinchonine, with smaller amounts of quinic acid and condensed tannins. These quinoline and quinuclidine alkaloids provide pronounced bitter and antipyretic activity, plausibly explaining the long‑standing fever‑reducing and antimalarial uses recorded in the regions above (World Health Organization, 1999).

Today, many countries still allow well‑standardized Cinchona bark products, often emphasizing quinine content and supplying quinine‑rich flavor extracts as well as teas and tinctures. Laboratory research continues to clarify alkaloid profiles and bioactivity, while Andean herbalists in Peru and Ecuador continue to prepare bark teas and decoctions for fever and digestive support.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- The bark of Cinchona pubescens is a source of quinine, which is marketed as a bitter flavoring ingredient for beverage production (e.g., tonic water and bitter liqueurs).

Industrial and craft applications:
- Quinine extracted from C. pubescens bark is used as a fluorescence standard in analytical chemistry because of its strong UV‑induced fluorescence (quantum yield ≈0.55 in 0.1 M H₂SO₄). It serves as a reference for calibrating spectrofluorometers and for quality‑control checks in the beverage industry.
- The sequenced genome of C. pubescens is publicly available (NCBI) and serves as a model system for research on quinine biosynthesis and metabolic engineering, supporting academic and industrial efforts to improve alkaloid production.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Quinine extracted from the bark is the primary bittering component of tonic water, the classic gin‑and‑tonic cocktail, and many bitter‑style liqueurs (e.g., Angostura bitters). The extract is used directly or as quinine hydrochloride/sulfate, permitted as a natural flavoring (EU additive E125, US FDA 21 CFR 172.540).

Properties relevant to use:
- Quinine is a water‑soluble alkaloid (C₂₀H₂₄N₂O₂) that provides a pronounced bitter taste at concentrations below 0.1 % w/v. It fluoresces under UV light, a property exploited for detection and quantification. The bitter flavor remains stable under typical beverage pH (3–5) and survives pasteurisation.

Standards and regulation:
- In the European Union quinine is listed as a permitted flavoring (E125) with a maximum residual level of 0.02 % (200 mg kg⁻¹) in carbonated drinks (Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008). The United States FDA allows quinine hydrochloride as a food additive for beverages at up to 83 mg L⁻¹ (21 CFR 172.540). The WHO monograph on Cinchona bark records quinine’s beverage flavoring role, providing a scientific basis for these regulatory limits.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Historically, wild C. pubescens trees were over‑harvested for quinine; current supply comes largely from cultivated plantations in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. Bark is usually harvested by stripping outer layers while the tree remains alive, allowing regeneration. No CITES listing exists for the species, but sustainable agronomic practices (selective bark removal, reforestation) are promoted to maintain long‑term availability.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Quinquina obovata	(Pav. ex Howard) Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
Quinquina ovata	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
Quinquina pubescens	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
Quinquina succirubra	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
Cinchona caloptera	Miq.	Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 273 (1869)
Cinchona chomeliana	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 10: 9 (1848)
Cinchona colorata	Laubert ex B.D.Jacks.	Index Kew. 1: 535 1895
Cinchona cordifolia	Mutis ex Humb.	Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1: 117. 1807
Cinchona cordifolia var. macrocarpa	Wedd. ex Howard	Proc. Internat. Hortic. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 214. 1866
Cinchona cordifolia var. rotundifolia	(Pav. ex Lamb.) Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 3, 11: 270. 1849
Cinchona coronulata	Miq.	J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 140 (1861)
Cinchona decurrentifolia	Pav.	Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. : t. [23] (1862)
Cinchona elliptica	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 5, 12: 60 (1869)
Cinchona goudotiana	Klotzsch ex Triana	Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 2: 390 (1938)
Cinchona govana	Miq.	J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 142 (1861)
Cinchona howardiana	Kuntze	Monog. Cinchona : 7 (1878)
Cinchona lechleriana	Schltdl.	Linnaea 26: 728 (1855)
Cinchona lutea	Pav.	Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. : t. [14] (1859)
Cinchona morado	Ruiz	Quinologia : 67 (1792)
Cinchona obovata	Pav.	Nuev. Quinol. sub t. 18. et t. 24. 1862
Cinchona ovata	Ruiz & Pav.	Fl. Peruv. 2: 52 (1799)
Cinchona ovata var. rufinervis	(Wedd.) Wedd.	Hist. Nat. Quinquinas 60. 1849
Cinchona palescens	Vell.	Quinogr. Port. : 33 (1799)
Cinchona pallescens	Ruiz ex Vell.	Quinogr. Port. : 33 (1799)
Cinchona pallescens var. ovata	(Ruiz & Pav.) Howard	Proc. Internat. Hortic. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 213. 1866
Cinchona pelalba	Pav. ex DC.	Biblioth. Universelle Genève 41: 152 (1829)
Cinchona pelletieriana	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 10: 8 (1848)
Cinchona pubescens var. cordata	DC.	Prodr. 4: 353 (1830)
Cinchona pubescens var. ovata	(Ruiz & Pav.) DC.	Prodr. 4: 353 (1830)
Cinchona pubescens var. pelletieriana	(Wedd.) Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 3, 11: 270. 1849
Cinchona pubescens var. purpurea	(Ruiz & Pav.) Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 3, 11: 270. 1849
Cinchona purpurascens	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 10: 8 (1848)
Cinchona purpurea	Ruiz & Pav.	Fl. Peruv. 2: 52 (Sept. 1799)
Cinchona rosulenta	Howard ex Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 5, 12: 66 (1869)
Cinchona rotundifolia	Pav. ex Lamb.	Ill. Cinchona : 5 (1821)
Cinchona rufinervis	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 10: 8 (1848)
Cinchona rugosa	Pav. ex DC.	Prodr. 4: 353 (1830)
Cinchona subsessilis	Miq.	Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 272 (1869)
Cinchona succirubra	Pav. ex Klotzsch	Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1857: 60 (1858)
Cinchona tucujensis	H.Karst.	Fl. Columb. 1: 17 (1859)
Cinchona pallescens	Ruiz ex DC.	Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 4: 353. 1830 [late Sep 1830]
Cinchona subcordata	Pav.	Nuev. Quinol. ed. Howard, ad calcem. 1862
Cinchona platyphylla	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 5, 11: 362 (1869)
Cinchona purpurea	Vell.	Quinogr. Port. : 23 (Oct. 1799)
Cinchona rubicunda	Tafalla ex Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 5, 11: 362 (1869)
Cinchona succirubra var. cuchicara	Howard	Proc. Internat. Hortic. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London : 214 (1866)
Cinchona cordifolia var. peruviana	Howard	Proc. Internat. Hortic. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London : 214 (1866)
Cinchona succirubra var. erythroderma	Howard	Proc. Internat. Hortic. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London : 214 (1866)
Cinchona ovata var. vulgaris	Wedd.	Hist. Nat. Quinquinas : 60 (1849)
Cinchona succirubra var. spruceana	Howard	Proc. Internat. Hortic. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London : 214 (1866)
Cinchona cordifolia var. vera	Wedd.	Hist. Nat. Quinquinas : 57 (1849)
Cinchona cordifolia var. microcarpa	Howard	Proc. Internat. Hortic. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London : 214 (1866)
Cinchona succirubra var. conglomerata	Howard	Proc. Internat. Hortic. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London : 214 (1866)
Cinchona succirubra var. vera	Howard	Proc. Internat. Hortic. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London : 214 (1866)
Cinchona cordifolia	Mutis	Papel Periùdico de Santa Fé de Bogotá 111: 465 (1793)
Cinchona pallescens	Ruiz ex Vitman	Summa Pl. Suppl. 1: 262 (1802)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	quinine
Spanish	flor nacional de ecuador
Azerbaijani	qırmızışirəli kinə ağacı
Bulgarian	хининово дърво
Catalan	quina
Catalan	quina roja
Czech	chinovník pýřitý
Basque	kinkina
Finnish	kiniinipuu
French	quinquina rouge
Upper Sorbian	chinski skorowc
Hungarian	vörös kínafa
Japanese	アカキナノキ
Chinese	金鸡勒
Chinese	毛鸡纳树
Chinese	红鸡纳树
Chinese	鸡纳树（红色金鸡纳）
Chinese	红金鸡纳
Chinese	红皮金鸡纳
Chinese	鸡纳树

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Middle Atlantic Ocean
  - Saint Helena
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Malesia
  - Sulawesi

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Southeast

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- South-central Pacific
  - Society Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Jamaica
- Central America
  - Costa Rica
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - Venezuela
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000862489
UNII	03DF2I0XP1
USDA Plants	CIPU
Tropicos	27900681
INPN	448583
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:746872-1
The Plant List	kew-40760
Open Tree Of Life	30634
NCBI Taxonomy	50278
Nature Serve	2.139570
IUCN Red List	49839551
IPNI	746872-1
iNaturalist	160578
GBIF	2901294
Freebase	/m/02r7b50
EPPO	CIHPU
EOL	1110181
USDA GRIN	10570
Wikipedia	Cinchona_pubescens

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_025175665.1	Cinchona_pubescens_v1.0	Contig	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew	2022-09-13	218	848.27 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

De novo biosynthesis of antiarrhythmic alkaloid ajmaline

Guo J, Gao D, Lian J, Qu Y

Nat Commun

11-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10784492
doi:	10.1038/s41467-024-44797-z
PMID:	38212296

A target enrichment probe set for resolving phylogenetic relationships in the coffee family, Rubiaceae

Ball LD, Bedoya AM, Taylor CM, Lagomarsino LP

Appl Plant Sci

17-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10719880
doi:	10.1002/aps3.11554
PMID:	38106541

Discovering Dynamic Plant Enzyme Complexes in Yeast for Kratom Alkaloid Pathway Identification

Wu Y, Liu C, Koganitsky A, Gong FL, Li S

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl

15-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10530425
doi:	10.1002/anie.202307995
PMID:	37549372

Non‐Chinese herbal medicines for functional dyspepsia

Báez G, Vargas C, Arancibia M, Papuzinski C, Franco JV

Cochrane Database Syst Rev

15-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10267606
doi:	10.1002/14651858.CD013323.pub2
PMID:	37323050

Natural Products and Derivatives as Potential Zika virus Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review

Pereira RS, Santos FC, Campana PR, Costa VV, de Pádua RM, Souza DG, Teixeira MM, Braga FC

Viruses

20-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10222392
doi:	10.3390/v15051211
PMID:	37243296

Exploring the pharmacological aspects of natural phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 through an in silico approach

De A, Bhattacharya S, Debroy B, Bhattacharya A, Pal K

In Silico Pharmacol

28-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10141836
doi:	10.1007/s40203-023-00143-7
PMID:	37131867

Comparing the Performance of CMCC-BioClimInd and WorldClim Datasets in Predicting Global Invasive Plant Distributions

Zhang F, Wang C, Zhang C, Wan J

Biology (Basel)

26-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10215630
doi:	10.3390/biology12050652
PMID:	37237466

Anti-Glucotoxicity Effect of Phytoconstituents via Inhibiting MGO-AGEs Formation and Breaking MGO-AGEs

Yadav N, Palkhede JD, Kim SY

Int J Mol Sci

21-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10141761
doi:	10.3390/ijms24087672
PMID:	37108833

Herbal supplements as treatment options for COVID-19: A call for clinical development of herbal supplements for emerging and re-emerging viral threats in Sub-Saharan Africa

Onyeaghala AA, Anyiam AF, Husaini DC, Onyeaghala EO, Obi E

Sci Afr

05-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC9985929
doi:	10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01627
PMID:	36974333

Directed Biosynthesis of Mitragynine Stereoisomers

Schotte C, Jiang Y, Grzech D, Dang TT, Laforest LC, León F, Mottinelli M, Nadakuduti SS, McCurdy CR, O’Connor SE

J Am Chem Soc

22-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9999412
doi:	10.1021/jacs.2c13644
PMID:	36883326

Biogeographical Relationships and Diversity in the Peruvian Flora Reported by Hipólito Ruiz and José Pavón: Vegetation, Uses and Anthropology

Arias-Gámez JM, Linares-Perea E, Vicente-Orellana JA, Galán-de-Mera A

Biology (Basel)

13-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9953382
doi:	10.3390/biology12020294
PMID:	36829570

Open and reusable annotated mass spectrometry dataset of a chemodiverse collection of 1,600 plant extracts

Allard PM, Gaudry A, Quirós-Guerrero LM, Rutz A, Dounoue-Kubo M, Walker TW, Defossez E, Long C, Grondin A, David B, Wolfender JL

Gigascience

18-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9845059
doi:	10.1093/gigascience/giac124
PMID:	36649739

A Paradigm Shift is Expected in Ethnobiology: Challenges and Opportunities Post-COVID-19

Sharma A, Uniyal SK

Natl Acad Sci Lett

07-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9734414
doi:	10.1007/s40009-022-01194-8
PMID:	36532847

Indoor microbiome, microbial and plant metabolites, chemical compounds, and asthma symptoms in junior high school students: a multicentre association study in Malaysia

Sun Y, Zhang M, Ou Z, Meng Y, Chen Y, Lin R, Hashim JH, Hashim Z, Wieslander G, Chen Q, Norbäck D, Fu X

Eur Respir J

10-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9647074
doi:	10.1183/13993003.00260-2022
PMID:	35618276

Biodereplication of Antiplasmodial Extracts: Application of the Amazonian Medicinal Plant Piper coruscans Kunth

Vásquez-Ocmín PG, Gallard JF, Van Baelen AC, Leblanc K, Cojean S, Mouray E, Grellier P, Guerra CA, Beniddir MA, Evanno L, Figadère B, Maciuk A

Molecules

07-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9656727
doi:	10.3390/molecules27217638
PMID:	36364460

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Cinchona alkaloids
(R)-[(2S)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol	6432519	Click to see	326.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609
(S)-[(2R,4S)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol	11645562	Click to see	326.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609
[(2R,4S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-quinolin-4-ylmethanol	92131260	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269334 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(91)80620-R
[(2R,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxy-4-quinolinyl)methanol	24867865	Click to see	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269334 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(91)80620-R
[(2S)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol	138107851	Click to see	326.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269334
[(4S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-quinolin-4-ylmethanol	75466425	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269334 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(91)80620-R
Alpha-quinidine	2757	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(91)80620-R https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269334 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)83079-8 https://doi.org/10.1002/JPS.3030450414 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609
Cinchonan-9-ol, 6'-methoxy-, (8alpha,9R)-	1065	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)C(C3CC4CCN3CC4C=C)O	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)83079-8
Cinchonidine	101744	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363
Cinchonine	90454	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(91)80620-R https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269334 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609 https://doi.org/10.1002/JPS.3030450414 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363
Dihydrocinchonidine	6914728	Click to see	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609
Epicinchonidine	6916142	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)83079-8
Epiquinine	10448938	Click to see	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)83079-8
Hydrocinchonine, (+)-	11630759	Click to see	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609
Quinidine	441074	Click to see	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(91)80620-R https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269334 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363
Quinine	3034034	Click to see	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269334 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269365 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(91)80620-R
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone	2950	Click to see	240.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609
Alizarin 2-methyl ether	80103	Click to see	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81567-8
Digiferruginol	32209	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C=C3)CO)O	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81567-8
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
1,2-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone	429241	Click to see	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269367 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609
1,2-Dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	91480305	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269367
1,6-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	163040457	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81567-8
2-Hydroxy-1,3,4-trimethoxyanthraquinone	86109348	Click to see	314.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81567-8
2-Hydroxy-1,3,4,6-tetramethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	86142823	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C(=C3OC)O)OC)OC	344.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81567-8
2,4,5-Trihydroxy-1-methoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	86142836	Click to see	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81567-8
2,5-Dihydroxy-1,3,4-trimethoxyanthraquinone	86109363	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC=C3)O)OC)OC)O	330.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81567-8
3-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	57509304	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81567-8
6,7-Dihydroxy-1-methoxy-2-methylanthracene-9,10-dione	86142829	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81567-8
Alizarin	6293	Click to see	240.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609
Alizarin 1-methyl ether	80309	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC2=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609
Purpurin 1-methyl ether	442766	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C2=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O)O	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269367 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81567-8
Purpurin anthraquinone	6683	Click to see	256.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269367 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81567-8
Rubiadin	124062	Click to see CC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609
Soranjidiol	124063	Click to see	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81567-8
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles / 3-alkylindoles
(+)-Cinchonaminone	10358166	Click to see	312.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363
10-Methoxy cinchonamine	76326654	Click to see COCCC1=C(NC2=CC=CC=C21)C3CC4CCN3CC4C=C	310.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609
2-(3-ethenylpiperidin-4-yl)-1-[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]ethanone	12302923	Click to see	312.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363
2-[2-[(2S,4S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl]ethanol	162915413	Click to see	326.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4
2-[2-[(2S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-1H-indol-3-yl]ethanol	46173818	Click to see C=CC1CN2CCC1CC2C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4N3)CCO	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolines
(3aS,8bR)-3a-[(4R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-2,4-dihydro-1H-furo[2,3-b]indol-8b-ol	137706191	Click to see	312.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4
3-Epiquinamine	76319464	Click to see	312.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4
8a-(5-Vinyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydro-3ah-furo[2,3-b]indol-3a-ol	94145	Click to see C=CC1CN2CCC1CC2C34C(CCO3)(C5=CC=CC=C5N4)O	312.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969609 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / 4-quinolinemethanols
(1S)-3-[(3R,4R)-3-ethenylpiperidin-4-yl]-1-quinolin-4-ylpropan-1-ol	10469865	Click to see	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363
3-(3-Ethenylpiperidin-4-yl)-1-quinolin-4-ylpropan-1-ol	14302398	Click to see	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.37.363
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)Prop-2-Enoic Acid	2518	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4268
Caffeic Acid	689043	Click to see	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4268
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
CID 5089888	5089888	Click to see	740.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4277
cinchonain IIa	11765545	Click to see	740.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4277
Cinchonain IIb	21676385	Click to see	740.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4277
ent-Epicatechin-(4alpha->6)-ent-epicatechin	13990892	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4277
Procyanidin A1	5089889	Click to see	576.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4277
Procyanidin A2	124025	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C4C(C(O3)(OC5=CC(=CC(=C45)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O	576.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4277
Procyanidin B	130556	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4277
Procyanidin B2, (+)-	122738	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4277
Procyanidin B5	124017	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4277
Procyanidin C1	169853	Click to see	866.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4277
Procyanidin trimer T2	13751990	Click to see	866.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4277
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
2,10-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-8-one	496377	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C(CC(=O)O3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O	452.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4268
4,8-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,9-dihydroxy-4,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-2-one	73822599	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C3=C(C(CC(=O)O3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)C(=C2)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O	452.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4268
Cinchonain Ia	442675	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC3=C2C(CC(=O)O3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O	452.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4268
Cinchonain Ib	10456516	Click to see	452.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4268
Cinchonain Ic	21676383	Click to see	452.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.4268
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Neoflavonoids / Prenylated neoflavonoids
cinchonain I b	44575964	Click to see C1C(C(CC2=C1C3=C(C=C2O)OC(=O)CC3C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O	450.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83018-6

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Cinchona pubescens

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