Salvadora persica, commonly known as the toothbrush tree, is a small evergreen tree native to the Middle East, Africa and India. Its sticks are traditionally used as a natural toothbrush called miswak and are mentioned by the World Health Organization for oral hygiene use. Other names include arak, jhak, pīlu, and mustard tree. The genus was named by the French botanist Laurent Garcin in 1749 after a Spanish apothecary, Juan Salvador y Bosca. The type specimen was collected in Persia, hence the species name persica. It has a pleasant fragrance, of cress or mustard, as well as a warm and pungent taste. The tree produces small red edible fruits, juicy but pungent, in clusters. Miswak is popular for teeth cleaning throughout the Arabian Peninsula, Iranian Plateau, as well as the wider Muslim world. The fresh leaves can be eaten as part of a salad and are used in traditional medicine. The flowers are small and fragrant and are used as a stimulant and are mildly purgative. The wood of the Salvadora persica can be used for charcoal and firewood. In Namibia, the mustard bush is used as drought-

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Lauridia multiflora	Engl.	Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 38 (1888)
Rivina paniculata	L.	Cent. Pl. II : 9 (1756)
Salvadora wightii	Arn.	Proc. Roy. Philos. Soc. Glasgow 3: 160 (1851 publ. 1855)
Salvadora crassinervia	Hochst. ex T.Anderson	J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5(Suppl. 1): 30 (1860)
Salvadora paniculata	Zucc.	Mant. 3: 56 (1827)
Cissus arborea	Forssk.	Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. : 32 (1775)
Embelia grossularia	Retz.	Observ. Bot. 4: 24 (1786)
Galenia asiatica	Burm.f.	Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 88. 1768 [1 Mar-6 Apr 1768]

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	toothbrush tree
English	mustard tree
English	tooth brush tree
English	peelo fruit
English	kikul oil plant
Arabic	أراك
Bulgarian	персийска салвадора
Bengali	পার্সি মেসওয়াক
Czech	salvadora perská
German	zahnbürstenbaum
Persian	اراک (درخت)
Persian	درخت مسواک
Persian	چوج
Fulah	siwaakeehi
Finnish	persianhammastikkupuu
Hausa	ashuwaki
Hebrew	סלוודורה פרסית
Armenian	Եղրևանի պարսկական
Kazakh	Парсылық Сальвадора
Malayalam	ഉകമരം
Dutch	tandenborstelboom
Punjabi	ਪੀਲੂ
Punjab	پیلو
Russian	Сальвадора персидская
sd	کٻڙ
Serbian	Салвадора перзика
Swahili	mswaki
Tamil	உகாய்
Telugu	గున్నంగి
Turkish	misvak ağacı
Ukrainian	Сальвадора перська
Chinese	亞力
Chinese	阿拉克樹

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Salvadora persica var. cyclophylla	(Chiov.) Cufod. ex Verdc.	Kew Bull. 19: 152. 1964 (1964)
Salvadora persica var. persica
Salvadora persica var. pubescens	Brenan	Kew Bull. 4: 90. 1949 (1949)
Salvadora persica var. tuticornica	T.A.Rao & Chakraborti	Fasc. Fl. India 22: 9 (1996)
Salvadora persica var. wightiana	(Planch. ex Thwaites) Verdc.	Kew Bull. 19: 150. 1964 (1964)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Djibouti
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
  - Socotra
  - Somalia
  - Sudan
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Malawi
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Botswana
  - Caprivi Strip
  - Namibia
  - Northern Provinces
- West Tropical Africa
  - Burkina
  - Mali
  - Mauritania
  - Niger
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Cameroon

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Oman
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen
- Western Asia
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Sinai

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - India
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000492914
UNII	QY11DDA752
Tropicos	28400008
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:779348-1
The Plant List	kew-2581806
PaleoBotany	91848
Open Tree Of Life	1012296
NCBI Taxonomy	4326
IUCN Red List	138472280
IPNI	779348-1
iNaturalist	197082
GBIF	5580727
Freebase	/m/06zxxl
EPPO	SVDPE
EOL	2900520
USDA GRIN	32819
Wikipedia	Salvadora_persica
CMAUP	NPO6621

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Integration of local knowledge in the secondary school chemistry curriculum - A few examples of ethno-chemistry from Zambia

Chibuye B, Singh IS

Heliyon

08-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11021971
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29174
PMID:	38633622

An Alarming Decline in the Nutritional Quality of Foods: The Biggest Challenge for Future Generations’ Health

Bhardwaj RL, Parashar A, Parewa HP, Vyas L

Foods

14-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10969708
doi:	10.3390/foods13060877
PMID:	38540869

Folk Knowledge and Perceptions about the Use of Wild Fruits and Vegetables–Cross-Cultural Knowledge in the Pipli Pahar Reserved Forest of Okara, Pakistan

Jabeen S, Arshad F, Harun N, Waheed M, Alamri S, Haq SM, Vitasović-Kosić I, Fatima K, Chaudhry AS, Bussmann RW

Plants (Basel)

14-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10974405
doi:	10.3390/plants13060832
PMID:	38592859

Efficacy of Various Herbal Preparations Against Oral Candida: A Lab-Based Study

Karni PA, Muraleedharan A, Bhandary S, Mujoo S, Maini AP, Chaturvedi M

J Pharm Bioallied Sci

29-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC11000960
doi:	10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_486_23
PMID:	38595550

Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics interventions prompt crop improvement against metal(loid) toxicity

Raza A, Salehi H, Bashir S, Tabassum J, Jamla M, Charagh S, Barmukh R, Mir RA, Bhat BA, Javed MA, Guan DX, Mir RR, Siddique KH, Varshney RK

Plant Cell Rep

27-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10899315
doi:	10.1007/s00299-024-03153-7
PMID:	38411713

The sustainable use of diverse plants accustomed by different ethnic groups in Sibi District, Balochistan, Pakistan

Maria B, Saeed S, Ahmed A, Ahmed M, Rehman A

PLoS One

21-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10880983
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0294989
PMID:	38381718

Using participatory epidemiology to investigate the causes of cattle abortion in Southwest Ethiopia

Robi DT, Bogale A, Temteme S, Aleme M, Urge B

Heliyon

14-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10881556
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25726
PMID:	38390138

Even low levels of tree cover improve dietary quality in West Africa

den Braber B, Hall C, Brandt M, Reiner F, Mugabowindekwe M, Rasmussen LV

PNAS Nexus

09-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10890828
doi:	10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae067
PMID:	38404357

The Potential of Cochlospermum tinctorium, Flueggea virosa, and Waltheria indica Traditional Plants From Burkina Faso in Treating Periodontitis: A Systematic Review

Diarra A, Agossa K, Youl EN

Cureus

17-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10873538
doi:	10.7759/cureus.52471
PMID:	38371022

Efficacy of a Eucalyptus oil-based dentifrice in reducing plaque and gingival bleeding scores – A randomized clinical crossover study

Osman FA, Sarhan LA, Eladl NE, Desai V, Narayanan J, Thangavelu L, Varma SR

J Adv Pharm Technol Res

15-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10880914
doi:	10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_103_23
PMID:	38389967

Formulation of Quercetin Mouthwash and Anti-microbial Potential Against Critical Pathogens: An In-Vitro Evaluation

L A, Krishna Kumar J, Shanmugam R

Cureus

05-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10838391
doi:	10.7759/cureus.51688
PMID:	38314006

Microbiological Evaluation of Herbal Extracts against Candida albicans in Early Childhood Caries Patients: An In Vitro Study

Siddaiah SB, Sinha S, Archana B

Int J Clin Pediatr Dent

01-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10978517
doi:	10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2733
PMID:	38559866

Silvicultural Practices for Diversity Conservation and Invasive Species Suppression in Forest Ecosystems of the Bundala National Park, Sri Lanka

Suraweera C, Gallo J, Vacek Z, Cukor J, Vacek S, Baláš M

Plants (Basel)

31-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780521
doi:	10.3390/plants13010121
PMID:	38202429

Mucoadhesive Pharmacology: Latest Clinical Technology in Antiseptic Gels

Baus-Domínguez M, Aguilera FR, Vivancos-Cuadras F, Ferra-Domingo L, Torres-Lagares D, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL, Pereira-Riveros T, Vinuesa T, Serrera-Figallo MÁ

Gels

26-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10815608
doi:	10.3390/gels10010023
PMID:	38247746

Diversity, Distribution, and applications of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Arabian Peninsula

Alrajhi K, Bibi S, Abu-Dieyeh M

Saudi J Biol Sci

25-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10805673
doi:	10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103911
PMID:	38268781

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters
Ethylparaben	8434	Click to see CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)O	166.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
Benzaldehyde	240	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=O	106.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
p-Anisaldehyde	31244	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=O	136.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl cyanides
Phenylacetonitrile	8794	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC#N	117.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/1057563021000040790
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
Eugenol	3314	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC=C)O	164.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/1057563021000040790
Isovanillin	12127	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=O)O	152.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
Vanillin	1183	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=O)O	152.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(1S,3aS,4S,6aS)-1-[3,5-dimethoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1,3a,4,6a-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-4-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163028601	Click to see CC1(C2C(C(O1)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC)C(OC2C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)OC)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)OC)(C)C)C	798.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83301-E
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[[(3R,4R,5S)-5-[3,5-dimethoxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	101630443	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)OC)CC3COC(C3CO)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)OC	744.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83301-E
2-[4-[(3aR,6aS)-6-[3,5-dimethoxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	138107782	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)OC)C3C4COC(C4CO3)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)OC)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)OC	742.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83301-E
2-[4-[1-[3,5-Dimethoxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1,3a,4,6a-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-4-yl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163028600	Click to see CC1(C2C(C(O1)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)OC)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC)C(OC2C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)OC)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)OC)(C)C)C	798.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83301-E
Liriodendrin	226371	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)OC)C3C4COC(C4CO3)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)OC)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)OC	742.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83301-E
Salvadoraside	162343330	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)OC)CC3COC(C3CO)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)OC	744.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83301-E
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadeca-4,7,10,13-tetraenoic acid	5312433	Click to see CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCC(=O)O	248.36	unknown	via CMAUP database
(R)-2-hydroxypalmitic acid	11065598	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(=O)O)O	272.42	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-Keto palmitic acid	5282996	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C(=O)O	270.41	unknown	via CMAUP database
Myristic Acid	11005	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O	228.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9390001015
Stearic Acid	5281	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O	284.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
Capric Acid	2969	Click to see CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O	172.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9390001015
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Straight chain fatty acids
Valeric acid	7991	Click to see CCCCC(=O)O	102.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty aldehydes
(8Z,11Z,14Z)-Heptadecatrienal	6430107	Click to see CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCC=O	248.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(8z,11z)-8,11-Heptadecadienal	14543488	Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCC=O	250.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(8Z,11Z)-Heptadecadienal	6430322	Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCC=O	250.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(Z)-8-heptadecenal	6430106	Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC=O	252.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
7,10,13-Hexadecatrienenal	14543490	Click to see CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCC=O	234.38	unknown	via CMAUP database
8-Heptadecenal	14543489	Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC=O	252.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid	3931	Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	280.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Glycosylglycerols / Sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols / Sulfoquinovosyl 1-monoacylglycerols
[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2R)-3-hexadecanoyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methanesulfonic acid	102201401	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CS(=O)(=O)O)O)O)O)O	556.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
(R)-(+)-Citronellal	75427	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)CC=O	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
p-CYMENE	7463	Click to see CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C	134.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
Thymol	6989	Click to see CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C(C)C)O	150.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/1057563021000040790
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
Isoterpinolene	102443	Click to see CC1CCC(=C(C)C)C=C1	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/1057563021000040790
Terpinolene	11463	Click to see CC1=CCC(=C(C)C)CC1	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Vitamin E compounds / Tocopherols
(-)-alpha-Tocopherol	1742129	Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(CCC(O2)(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)C(=C1O)C)C	430.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R)-2,8-Dimethyl-2-[(4S,8S)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol	12444418	Click to see CC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(CC2)(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)O	402.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S)-2,5,8-Trimethyl-2-[(4S,8S)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol	76959905	Click to see CC1=CC(=C(C2=C1OC(CC2)(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)C)O	416.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(S)-2,7,8-Trimethyl-2-[(4S,8S)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol	73416557	Click to see CC1=C(C=C2CCC(OC2=C1C)(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)O	416.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
Caryophyllene	5281515	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/1057563021000040790
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(24E)-24-N-Propylidenecholesterol	5281328	Click to see CC=C(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside	296119	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83301-E
Fucosterol	5281326	Click to see CC=C(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83301-E
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides
2-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one	6802	Click to see C1=NC2=C(N1C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)NC(=NC2=O)N	283.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Adenosine	60961	Click to see C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)N	267.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Pyrimidine nucleosides
Uridine	6029	Click to see C1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O	244.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Acrylic acids and derivatives / Acrylic acids
Acrylic acid	6581	Click to see C=CC(=O)O	72.06	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives
(3S,6S)-3-Isopropyl-6-methylpiperazine-2,5-dione	13783106	Click to see CC1C(=O)NC(C(=O)N1)C(C)C	170.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S,8aS)-3-Isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione	7074739	Click to see CC(C)CC1C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)N1	210.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val)	6992261	Click to see CC(C)C1C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)N1	196.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Peptides / Dipeptides
Arginyl-Glutamine	7019985	Click to see C(CC(C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N)CN=C(N)N	302.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-phenylmethoxyoxan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate	178723	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O	350.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83301-E
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	323959	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)OC)C=CCO	372.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83301-E
Eleutheroside B	5316860	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)OC)C=CCO	372.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83301-E
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Aryl-aldehydes
Furfural	7362	Click to see C1=COC(=C1)C=O	96.08	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazines / Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives / Pyrimidones
Uracil	1174	Click to see C1=CNC(=O)NC1=O	112.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoindoles and derivatives / Isoindolines / Isoindolones
Chaetoglobosin Fex	71768077	Click to see CC1CC=CC2C(C(=C)C(C3C2(C(=O)CCC(C(=O)C(=C1)C)O)C(=O)NC3CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)C)O	530.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cytoglobosin A	46209792	Click to see CC1CC=CC2C(C(=C)C(C3C2(C(=O)CC4C1C(=C(C4=O)O)C)C(=O)NC3CC5=CNC6=CC=CC=C65)C)O	528.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cytoglobosin B	46209793	Click to see CC1CC=CC2C(C(=C)C(C3C2(C(=O)C=CC(C(C(=C1)C)O)O)C(=O)NC3CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)C)O	530.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cytoglobosin C	44610809	Click to see CC1CC=CC2C(C(=C(C3C2(C(=O)C=CC(C(C(=C1)C)O)O)C(=O)NC3CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)C)C)O	530.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cytoglobosin D	46209919	Click to see CC1CC=CC2C=C(C(C3C2(C(=O)C=CC(C(C(=C1)C)O)O)C(=O)NC3CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)C)C	514.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cytoglobosin E	46209920	Click to see CC1CC=CC2C=C(C(C3C2(C(=O)CCC(=O)C(=O)C(=C1)C)C(=O)NC3CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)C)CO	528.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cytoglobosin F	46209921	Click to see CC1CC=CC2C(C(=C)C(C3C2(C(=O)CCC(=O)C(C(=C1)C)O)C(=O)NC3CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)C)O	530.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cytoglobosin G	46209922	Click to see CC1CC=CC2C(C(=C)C(C3C2(C(=O)CCC(C(C(=C1)C)O)O)C(=O)NC3CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)C)O	532.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
isochaetoglobosin D	23259926	Click to see CC1CC=CC2C(C(=C)C(C3C2(C(=O)CCC(=O)C(=O)C(=C1)C)C(=O)NC3CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)C)O	528.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamaldehydes
Cinnamaldehyde	637511	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC=O	132.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
3-[(2S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	44391816	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	740.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.1997.68759
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-4H-chromen-4-one	5320020	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.1997.68759
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.1997.68759
Biorobin	15944778	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.1997.68759
Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside	5318767	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.1997.68759
Narcissin	5481663	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)OC)O)O)O)O)O)O	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.1997.68759

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Salvadora persica

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