Anchusa officinalis, commonly known as the common bugloss or alkanet, is a plant species in the genus Anchusa. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and western Asia, and is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. It produces a great deal of nectar, making it a valuable source of food for pollinators, and was rated in the top 10 for most nectar production (nectar per unit cover per year) in a UK plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project. The plant has blue flowers and is often found in gardens, meadows, and other open areas.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Anchusa angustifolia	L.	Sp. Pl. : 133 (1753)
Anchusa angustifolia	DC.	Fl. Franc. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3. 3: 632. 1805
Anchusa arvalis	Rchb.	Fl. Germ. Excurs. : 343 (1831)
Anchusa baumgartenii	Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 510. 1881 [prob. Jul 1881]
Anchusa davidovii	Stoj.	Izv. Tsarsk. Prir. Inst. Sofiya 6: 210 (1933)
Anchusa incarnata	Schrad. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. 1: 42 (1821)
Anchusa leptophylla	W.D.J.Koch	Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. , ed. 2: 573 (1844)
Anchusa lycopsidis	Besser ex Link	Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 166 (1821)
Anchusa macrocalyx	Hausskn.	Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 5(3): 71 (1887)
Anchusa maculata	Hornem. ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 85 (1840)
Anchusa microcalyx	Vis.	Flora 12: 8 (1829)
Anchusa ochroleuca	Baumg.	Fl. Transs. i. 120.
Anchusa ochroleuca subsp. procera	(Besser ex Link) Nyman
Anchusa officinalis var. ochroleuca	Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 4: 152 1875
Anchusa officinalis var. velenovskyi	Gușul.	Bul. Fac. ?ti. Cern?uti 1: 103 1927
Anchusa osmanica	Velen.	Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag 1885: 32 (1885)
Anchusa pustulata	Schur	Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 465 (1866)
Anchusa spicata	Lam.	Tabl. Encycl. 1: 402 (1792)
Anchusa tinctoria	Woodv.	Med. Bot. t. 92.
Anchusa velenovskyi	(Gușul.) Stoj.	Izv. Tsarsk. Prir. Inst. Sofiya 6: 211 (1933)
Anchusa velenovskyi var. stojanovii	Kožuharov	Fl. Nar. Republ. Bulgariya 9: 506 (1989)
Buglossum angustifolium	Moench	Methodus : 418 (1794)
Buglossum aspermum	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. i. 21. 1782
Buglossum officinale	Lam.	Fl. Franç. 2: 278 (1779)
Anchusa officinalis var. brachyantha	Regel	Index Seminum (LE) 1863: 32 1863

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	common bugloss
English	alkanet
Spanish	lengua de vaca
Spanish	melera
Spanish	blugosa
Spanish	argámula
Spanish	buglosa
Spanish	buglosa oficinal
Spanish	buglosa vulgar
Spanish	chupa-mieles
Spanish	lengua de buey salvaje
Spanish	lengua de culebra
Spanish	lenguaza
Spanish	argamala
Spanish	lengua de buey
Spanish	miel de avispas
Spanish	raiz de fuego
Arabic	لسان الثور المخزني
Azerbaijani	dərman sümürgəni
Belarusian	Пакрывец лекавы
Bulgarian	лечебно винче
Czech	pilát lékařský
Welsh	llysiau'r-gwrid
Danish	læge-oksetunge
German	gewöhnliche ochsenzunge
German	gemeine ochsenzunge
German	gebräuchliche ochsenzunge
Estonian	harilik imikas
Estonian	imikas
Finnish	rohtorasti
Finnish	häränkieli
Hawaiian	kōanahi onanikian
Croatian	runjava trava
Upper Sorbian	wšědna pócćiwka
Hungarian	orvosi atracél
Lithuanian	vaistinis godas
Lithuanian	paprastasis godas
Norwegian Bokmål	oksetunge
Dutch	gewone ossentong
Dutch	gewone ossetong
os	Урусудз
Polish	farbownik lekarski
Russian	Анхуза лекарственная
Russian	Воловик лекарственный
Serbo-Croatian	runjava trava
Slovak	smohla lekárska
Slovenian	navadni volovski jezik
Swedish	fåretunga
Swedish	oxtunga
Turkish	adi sığırdili
tt	Шифалы үгез теле
Ukrainian	Воловик лікарський
vep	löcunsil'm
Chinese	蜻蜓
Chinese	药用牛舌草
Chinese	药用牛舍草
Chinese	藥用牛舌草

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Anchusa officinalis subsp. intacta	(Griseb.) Selvi & Bigazzi	Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142: 435 (2003)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Requires Darkness: These seeds need to be covered with soil or otherwise kept in the dark to germinate properly. Light inhibits their germination process.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
- Western Asia
  - Turkey

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Ontario
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - South Dakota
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado
  - Idaho
  - Montana
  - Oregon
  - Washington
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California
  - Utah
- Western Canada
  - British Columbia

Southern America click to expand
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000533707
UNII	T3R944363G
Canadensys	3745
USDA Plants	ANOF
INPN	82391
Flora of Italy	4331
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:113312-1
The Plant List	kew-2636606
Plantarium	2796
Open Tree Of Life	360049
Observations.org	6418
NCBI Taxonomy	89630
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000003998
Nature Serve	2.160545
IPNI	113312-1
iNaturalist	75430
GBIF	5341201
Freebase	/m/02vv2gs
WisFlora	2521
EPPO	ANCOF
EOL	580761
Elurikkus	2761
Calflora (Californian flora)	344
USDA GRIN	3105
Wikipedia	Anchusa_officinalis
CMAUP	NPO5911
PFAF	Anchusa officinalis

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Strategies, Achievements, and Potential Challenges of Plant and Microbial Chassis in the Biosynthesis of Plant Secondary Metabolites

Han T, Miao G

Molecules

02-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085123
doi:	10.3390/molecules29092106
PMID:	38731602

Wild Edible Plants Used in Dalmatian Zagora (Croatia)

Ninčević Runjić T, Jug-Dujaković M, Runjić M, Łuczaj Ł

Plants (Basel)

11-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11053949
doi:	10.3390/plants13081079
PMID:	38674488

Traditional Use of Wild Edible Plants in Slovenia: A Field Study and an Ethnobotanical Literature Review

Papež Kristanc A, Kreft S, Strgulc Krajšek S, Kristanc L

Plants (Basel)

24-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934440
doi:	10.3390/plants13050621
PMID:	38475472

Bioreactor Systems for Plant Cell Cultivation at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences: 50 Years of Technology Evolution from Laboratory to Industrial Implications

Titova M, Popova E, Nosov A

Plants (Basel)

01-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10857215
doi:	10.3390/plants13030430
PMID:	38337964

Accumulation of Polyphenols and Associated Gene Expression in Hairy Roots of Salvia viridis Exposed to Methyl Jasmonate

Grzegorczyk-Karolak I, Krzemińska M, Grąbkowska R, Gomulski J, Żekanowski C, Gaweda-Walerych K

Int J Mol Sci

07-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10815010
doi:	10.3390/ijms25020764
PMID:	38255839

Recent Advances in the Detection of Food Toxins Using Mass Spectrometry

Ahuja V, Singh A, Paul D, Dasgupta D, Urajová P, Ghosh S, Singh R, Sahoo G, Ewe D, Saurav K

Chem Res Toxicol

07-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10731662
doi:	10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00241
PMID:	38059476

Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents

Michalak M

Int J Mol Sci

22-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10607442
doi:	10.3390/ijms242015444
PMID:	37895122

The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.)

Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ

PLoS One

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10602594
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:	37792900

New Insights into the Latest Advancement in α-Amylase Inhibitors of Plant Origin with Anti-Diabetic Effects

Kashtoh H, Baek KH

Plants (Basel)

14-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10458243
doi:	10.3390/plants12162944
PMID:	37631156

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systems

Zhao Y, Cartabia A, Garcés-Ruiz M, Herent MF, Quetin-Leclercq J, Ortiz S, Declerck S, Lalaymia I

Front Microbiol

10-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10447974
doi:	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216029
PMID:	37637105

Examination of the Effects of Domestic Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Grazing on Wetland and Dry Grassland Habitats

Fűrész A, Penksza K, Sipos L, Turcsányi-Járdi I, Szentes S, Fintha G, Penksza P, Viszló L, Szalai F, Wagenhoffer Z

Plants (Basel)

31-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10255522
doi:	10.3390/plants12112184
PMID:	37299162

Antioxidants in Traditional Mexican Medicine and Their Applications as Antitumor Treatments

Soto KM, Pérez Bueno JD, Mendoza López ML, Apátiga-Castro M, López-Romero JM, Mendoza S, Manzano-Ramírez A

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

23-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10145960
doi:	10.3390/ph16040482
PMID:	37111239

On the Prospects of In Situ Conservation of Medicinal- and Aromatic-Plant Genetic Resources at Ancient-Hillfort Sites: A Case Study from Lithuania

Labokas J, Karpavičienė B

Plants (Basel)

14-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9967452
doi:	10.3390/plants12040861
PMID:	36840209

Phenolic Compounds from New Natural Sources—Plant Genotype and Ontogenetic Variation

Nurzyńska-Wierdak R

Molecules

11-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9959341
doi:	10.3390/molecules28041731
PMID:	36838719

Phenotypic and molecular analyses in diploid and tetraploid genotypes of Solanum tuberosum L. reveal promising genotypes and candidate genes associated with phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid contents, and antioxidant activity

Berdugo-Cely JA, Céron-Lasso MD, Yockteng R

Front Plant Sci

18-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9889998
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.1007104
PMID:	36743552

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives
3'-Acetyllycopsamine	586647	Click to see CC(C)C(C(C)O)(C(=O)OCC1=CCN2C1C(CC2)OC(=O)C)O	341.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.34B-0075
7-O-Acetylechinatine	91748014	Click to see CC(C)C(C(C)O)(C(=O)OCC1=CCN2C1C(CC2)OC(=O)C)O	341.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.34B-0075
Echinatine	22384	Click to see CC(C)C(C(C)O)(C(=O)OCC1=CCN2C1C(CC2)O)O	299.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.34B-0075
Intermedine, (+)-	114843	Click to see CC(C)C(C(C)O)(C(=O)OCC1=CCN2C1C(CC2)O)O	299.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.34B-0075
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters / o-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters
Benzyl 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate	10586364	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)C2=C(C=CC=C2O)O	244.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	72	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)O	154.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / P-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl] 4-methoxybenzoate	26117978	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)OC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)O	316.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
p-Anisic acid	7478	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O	152.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
rel-(1R,2R)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl 4-methoxybenzoate	10734180	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)OC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC	316.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
p-Anisaldehyde	31244	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=O	136.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols
4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol	7738	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CO	138.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Diphenylmethanes
(S)-1,1-bis(4-Methoxyphenyl)propan-2-ol	10683611	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)O	272.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylpropanes
(1R,2R)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol	11217615	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)O	182.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,2R)-1-[(1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]oxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-ol	26252192	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)OC(C)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)O)O	346.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,2S)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol	9799166	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)O	182.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol	12387012	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)O	182.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
4-Methoxyphenylacetone	31231	Click to see CC(=O)CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC	164.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Bjerkanderol A	9799167	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)O	182.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones
[(E)-1-(5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enyl] 2-methylbutanoate	5319056	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC(C=CC(C)(C)O)C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O	388.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers
Foeniculin, (E)-	5316879	Click to see CC=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OCC=C(C)C	202.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
(2R,3R,5S,6S)-2,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane	10782514	Click to see CC1C(OC(C(O1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)C)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC	328.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,4S,5S)-2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolane	10566139	Click to see CC1C(OC(O1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC	300.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-methoxy-1-(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)-4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]benzene	16091585	Click to see CC=CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OCC=C(C)C)OC	232.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
Anethole	637563	Click to see CC=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC	148.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Estragole	8815	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC=C	148.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Verimol I	10932638	Click to see CC(=O)OCC=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC	206.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Hydroquinones
Hydroquinone	785	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1O)O	110.11	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
2-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-5-methoxyphenol	92475782	Click to see CC(CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC)O)O	182.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Tyrosols and derivatives / Tyrosols
Tyrosol	10393	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCO)O	138.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans
(+/-)-trans-3,4-Divanillyltetrahydrofuran	9906140	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CC2COCC2CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)O	344.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+)-3-Carene	443156	Click to see CC1=CCC2C(C1)C2(C)C	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(+)-alpha-Phellandrene	443160	Click to see CC1=CCC(C=C1)C(C)C	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
Cloven	11229486	Click to see CC1(C=CC23C1CCC(C2)(CCC3)C)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(3S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	21123691	Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C(C3(CCC2(CC1OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C)(CCC6C4(CC(C(C6(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C	666.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19833160605
(3S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	162858606	Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CC1OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)CO)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C	945.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19883211012
(3S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,9R,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	162949547	Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CC1OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)CO)O)C)C	650.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19853180307
(3S,4aR,6aR,6aS,6bS,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	163030772	Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CC1OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)CO)O)C)C	813.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19863190613
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	162961488	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.197919791213
[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162914920	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.197919791213
[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	162898346	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.197919791213
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate	434119	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.197919791213
10-[5-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	434120	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.197919791213
10-Hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	14158837	Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CC1OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)CO)O)C)C	650.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19853180307
10,11-Dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	73744577	Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C(C3(CCC2(CC1OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C)(CCC6C4(CC(C(C6(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C	666.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19833160605
3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	14158839	Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CC1OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)CO)O)C)C	813.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19863190613
3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	14158841	Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CC1OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C)C)(C)CO)OC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)C)C	945.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19883211012
alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-2,3,19,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate	101608066	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O	666.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19833160605
Anchucoside-7	434121	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.197919791213
Quercilicoside A	14055729	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O	666.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19833160605
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones
(1S,2R,5R,6R,7S,8R,11R)-5,7,11-trihydroxy-7-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.01,5]dodecane-6,3'-oxetane]-2',10-dione	9997459	Click to see CC1CCC2(C13CC(C(C24COC4=O)(COC)O)OC(=O)C3O)O	342.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
methyl (1S,2R,5R,6R,7R,8R,11R)-5,7,11-trihydroxy-2-methyl-2',10-dioxospiro[9-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.01,5]dodecane-6,3'-oxetane]-7-carboxylate	10498456	Click to see CC1CCC2(C13CC(C(C24COC4=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C3O)O	356.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
Veranisatin C	10643000	Click to see CC1CC(C2(C13CC(C(C24COC4=O)(C(=O)OC)O)OC(=O)C3O)O)O	372.32	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(3S,3aR,4aS,6aR,7R,9aS,9bS)-Decahydro-7-[(1R,4Z)-6-methoxy-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-4-hexen-1-yl]-6a,9a-dimethyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-1H-cyclopenta[a]cyclopropa[e]naphthalene-3a(4H)-propanoic acid	102317275	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C(=O)OC)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC(C3(C4)CCC(=O)O)C(=C)C)C)C	484.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
(1R,4Z,6S,7S)-7-acetyloxy-4-ethenyl-6,7,14-trimethyl-3,8-dioxo-2,9-dioxa-14-azoniatricyclo[9.5.1.014,17]heptadeca-4,11-dien-17-olate	21606566	Click to see CC1C=C(C(=O)OC2CC[N+]3(C2(C(=CC3)COC(=O)C1(C)OC(=O)C)[O-])C)C=C	405.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Shikimic acids and derivatves
Shikimic acid	8742	Click to see C1C(C(C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)O)O	174.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(1R,2R)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-1-propanol	10958867	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	344.36	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,2S)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-1-propanol	10497611	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	344.36	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,2S)-2-Hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl I(2)-D-glucopyranoside	10593533	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	344.36	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(1S,2S)-1-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	10958868	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	344.36	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
6-Allyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-ol	16729376	Click to see C=CCC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OCO2)O	178.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
6-Allyl-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol	16729374	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C(=CC2=C1OCO2)CC=C)O)C	246.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Illicinole	16729375	Click to see CC(=CCOC1=CC2=C(C=C1CC=C)OCO2)C	246.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Safrole	5144	Click to see C=CCC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	162.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dioxolanes / 1,3-dioxolanes
(7aR)-6-allyl-7a-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,3-benzodioxol-5-one	16721104	Click to see CC(=CCC12C=C(C(=O)C=C1OCO2)CC=C)C	246.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Pyridoxines
Pyridoxine	1054	Click to see CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CO)CO	169.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolizidines
[(1R,8R)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl acetate	163191201	Click to see CC(=O)OCC1CCN2C1CCC2	183.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.34B-0075
2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-ylmethyl acetate	318513	Click to see CC(=O)OCC1CCN2C1CCC2	183.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.34B-0075
Pentanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-, (hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-yl)methyl ester	155104	Click to see CCC(C)C(C(C)O)(C(=O)OCC1CCN2C1CCC2)O	299.41	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/BMS.1200170210
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
Lithospermic acid	6441498	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CC(C(=O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=C3C(C(OC3=C(C=C2)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)C(=O)O)O)O	538.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamaldehydes
4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde	641294	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC=O	162.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
Rosmarinic acid	5281792	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CC(C(=O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O	360.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00193150 https://doi.org/10.1002/BIT.260420713 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01022093 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1055858/ https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969728
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamyl alcohols
3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-ol	5314180	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CCO	164.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Quercetin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside	5320861	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
(1S,2S,3S)-1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)butane-1,3-diol	10780691	Click to see CC(C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)OC)O)O	302.40	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Anchusa officinalis

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