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Agave americana

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644024483c621444654770
Scientific name Agave americana
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 323 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Agave americana has been woven into household medicine across the Americas and the Mediterranean, where infusions and decoctions are consistently documented. In central Mexico, rural healers prepare a tea or decoction from the cooked heart (piña) to ease digestive upset and fevers (Rickenbacker, 2011). Among the Sonoran desert peoples such as the Yaqui and Mayo, cold or warm leaf infusions are taken as gentle diuretics and for urinary complaints (Felger and Moser, 1985). In the American Southwest and northern Mexico, decoctions of the leaf base are applied to sore muscles and rheumatism, and the same water is also taken as a tonic for wind and fever (Moerman, 1998; West, 1988). Along the Mediterranean basin, people in southern Spain and parts of North Africa steep dried leaf pulp in hot water to alleviate constipation and lower fever (Le Floc’h, 1991; Font Quer, 1961).

Practical preparation is straightforward. For a mild leaf decoction, simmer about 10 g of chopped, dried leaf flesh in 250 mL of water for 10 minutes, then strain and drink while warm. Repeat once daily if needed. If you prefer a cold infusion, place 10 g of dried leaf pulp in 250 mL of water, steep at room temperature for 6–8 hours, and strain. Because agaves contain saponins and oxalates that can irritate the gut, moderate daily amounts are best; children, pregnant people, and those with kidney issues should avoid internal use. A medicinal tincture may also be prepared by macerating 1 part dried leaf in 5 parts 45% ethanol for 2–3 weeks, shaking daily, and filtering, but this is for expert handling only.

Well-established constituents in Agave americana include steroidal saponins such as hecogenin and tigogenin, fructans (notably inulin), and oxalates (Le Floc’h, 1991; Font Quer, 1961). These sapogenins and inulin-type fructans plausibly underpin the documented diuretic, mild laxative, and tonic actions, while oxalates and saponins explain the occasional digestive irritation reported in some accounts.

Modern research continues to profile the species’ saponins and inulin-rich fiber for potential diuretic and prebiotic use, while “aguamiel” and fiber products remain available in specialty markets (Ruacho-González et al., 2021). Local infusion and decoction practices still persist, particularly in Mexico’s central highlands and the Sonoran region, where the plant’s versatile pulpy leaves are a dependable household remedy (Felger and Moser, 1985; Moerman, 1998; Rickenbacker, 2011; West, 1988; Font Quer, 1961; Le Floc’h, 1991).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Leaves of Agave americana yield a coarse, strong bast fiber used for rope, twine, cordage, and handcrafted textiles. The sap (aguamiel) is processed into sweeteners such as syrup and inulin; concentrated sweeteners are listed in trade and compositional references for various Agave species including A. americana.

Industrial and craft applications:
Leaf fibers are traditionally processed by scraping and retting to produce strands used for cordage, brushes, and coarse textiles. Decorticated fibers can be incorporated into pulp for kraft or soda pulping; studies on Agave pulps report high holocellulose and alpha-cellulose and low kappa numbers. Gum-like polysaccharides extracted from the mesophyll can function as binders and extenders in adhesives and coatings; formic acid-lignin isolated from Agave has been used in plywood adhesives. Dried leaf fibers (henequen-type fiber) are documented from A. americana in trade references for rope and binder twine.

Colorants and tanning:
Leaves and bases are rich in tannins, approximately 10–15% in dry material, that are mainly hydrolyzable. The hydrolyzable tannin profile (castalagin/vescalagin type) enables vegetable tanning of light leathers and contributes to brown colorants in protein fibers. Ethanol extracts of the plant produce brown dyes used in textile coloration.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
Volatile profiles of A. americana leaves include fatty alcohols and aliphatic aldehydes (e.g., nonanal, decanal), providing faint, green-floral notes that can be used as natural fragrance components in low-concentration formulations; compositional databases document these compounds.

Properties relevant to use:
The fibers are high in cellulose with lignin and hemicellulose forming a rigid matrix; tensile properties are suitable for rope and cordage. Leaves contain hydrolyzable tannins (10–15% in dry mass) favorable for leather tanning and brown dyes. Sap and leaf extracts supply fructooligosaccharides/inulin suitable for syrups, and polysaccharide gums serve as adhesive binders. Nonanal and related aldehydes contribute to the plant’s fragrance composition.

Scientific and model use:
A reference-quality genome assembly for A. americana (≈1.3–1.6 Gb) and nuclear and plastid marker sequences are deposited in GenBank/NCBI, supporting phylogenetic studies, population genetics, and comparative genomics of Agave. Accessions are maintained by major botanical gardens (e.g., Kew and USBG), providing standardized material for research. Comparative transcriptomic datasets are available for related Agave species.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Agave americana is widely cultivated and naturalized, with leaf harvest typically compatible with long-term plant survival. Estimates of biomass yield per hectare for fiber and leaf litter vary among agave systems; specific yields for A. americana have not been widely standardized in industry publications. Traditional fiber and sweetener production in Mexico employs manual leaf harvesting and sap collection without requiring annual replanting, contributing to low-input systems.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Agave americana f. virginica Voss Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 1037. 1895
Agave spectabilis Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 247 (1796)
Agave theometel Zuccagni Collecteana 138 1806
Agave variegata Steud. Nomencl. Bot. 1: 18 (1821)
Aloe americana (L.) Crantz Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 466 (1766)
Agave americana var. variegata Hook. Bot. Mag. 65: t. 3654. 1838
Agave salmiana var. gracilispina Rol.-Goss. Rev. Hort. (Paris) 68: 11. 1896
Agave gracilispina (Rol.-Goss.) Engelm. ex Trel. Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 234. 1914 (1914)
Agave ramosa Moench Methodus : 642 (1794)
Agave virginica Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 2 (1768)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English maguey
English yellow agave
English american aloe
English american century plant
English century plant
Spanish azabaron
Spanish pita
Spanish maguey amarillo
Spanish zabila
Spanish zábila
Spanish acibara
Spanish acíbara
Spanish alcibara
Spanish alcibaron
Spanish alcibarón
Spanish alzabara
Spanish arzabara
Spanish atzahara
Spanish tepehuan
Spanish pitacon
Spanish pitaco
Spanish pitaca
Spanish azabarón
Spanish atzavara
Afrikaans honderdjaaraalwyn
Arabic الصبر الأمريكي
Arabic صبارة
Arabic أغاف أمريكي
Azerbaijani amerika aqavası
Bulgarian американско агаве
Bengali আগাভা আমেরিকানা
Catalan atzavara
Catalan pitera
Catalan atzavares
Catalan maguei
Czech agáve americká
Czech agáve obecná
Welsh blodyn canmlwydd
Persian آگاو برگخنجری
Finnish jättiagaave
French agave americana var. variegata
French maguey
French choka bleu
gd Àlas ceud bliadhna
Hebrew אגבה אמריקאית
Upper Sorbian ameriska agawa
Hungarian közönséges agávé
Hungarian amerikai agávé
Armenian Ագավի ամերիկյան
Armenian զարմունի
Armenian հարյուրամյա հալվե
Armenian շքուռ
Armenian պերճածաղիկ
Armenian Ամերիկյան ագավա
Italian maguey
Japanese アオノリュウゼツラン
Kazakh Америка агавасы
Korean 용설란
lad ashavara
Lithuanian amerikinė agava
Latvian amerikas agave
Malayalam ആനക്കൈത
Marathi घायपात
nah teōmetl
nah teometl
Norwegian Bokmål amerika-agave
Nepali केतुके
Nepali हात्तीबार
Dutch 100-jarige aloë
Dutch 100-jarige aloe
Dutch honderdjarige aloe
Dutch honderdjarige aloë
Polish agawa amerykańska
Portuguese maguey
Quechua paqpa
Quechua pita
Russian Агава американская
Sango ndûnda
Slovenian ameriška agava
Swedish aga've
Tamil யானைக் கற்றாழை
Tamil ரயில் கற்றாழை
Tamil ஆனைக் கற்றாழை
Telugu అమెరికా కలబంద
Turkish amerikan agavı
Turkish sabırlık
Turkish sabırağacı
Ukrainian Американська агава
Ukrainian Агава американська
Vietnamese dứa mỹ
Vietnamese thùa
Chinese 美洲龙舌兰
Chinese 龙舌兰
Chinese 金边龙舌兰
Chinese 龍舌蘭

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Agave americana subsp. americana U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook No. 399 [The Agave Family of Sonora] 1972
Agave americana subsp. protamericana Gentry Agaves Cont. N. Amer. : 287 (1982)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Agave americana var. americana U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook No. 399 [The Agave Family of Sonora] 1972
Agave americana var. expansa (Jacobi) Gentry U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 399: 80 (1972)
Agave americana var. franzosinii Sprenger Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 9: 130. 1885
Agave americana var. oaxacensis Gentry Agaves Cont. N. Amer. : 285 (1982)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
      • Canary Islands
      • Madeira
    • Middle Atlantic Ocean
      • Ascension
      • Saint Helena
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
      • Eritrea
      • Ethiopia
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • Southern Africa
      • Botswana
      • Cape Provinces
      • Free State
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Lesotho
      • Swaziland
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Guinea
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Rwanda
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Comoros
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
    • Eastern Asia
      • Korea
      • Nansei-shoto
      • Ogasawara-Shoto
    • Western Asia
      • East Aegean Islands
      • Palestine
      • Turkey
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh
      • India
      • Pakistan
      • West Himalaya
    • Indo-China
      • Cambodia
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • New South Wales
      • Norfolk Island
      • Queensland
      • Tasmania
    • New Zealand
      • New Zealand North
      • New Zealand South
  • Europe
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Sicilia
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Central
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southeast
      • Mexico Southwest
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • Texas
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
  • Pacific
    • Northwestern Pacific
      • Marianas
    • Southwestern Pacific
      • Fiji
      • Gilbert Islands
      • Nauru
      • New Caledonia
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil Southeast
    • Caribbean
      • Bermuda
      • Cayman Islands
      • Cuba
      • Dominican Republic
      • Haiti
      • Leeward Islands
      • Puerto Rico
      • Trinidad-Tobago
      • Windward Islands
    • Central America
      • Costa Rica
      • Guatemala
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Juan Fernández Islands
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia
      • Colombia
      • Ecuador
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000754119
UNII 024852X0VD
Florida Plant Atlas 4150
Flora of Alabama 5429
USDA Plants AGAM
Tropicos 1200371
INPN 80383
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319063-2
The Plant List kew-293578
Missouri Botanical Garden 275719
PFAF Agave americana
Open Tree Of Life 447325
Observations.org 80301
NCBI Taxonomy 39510
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000013956
Nature Serve 2.148625
IUCN Red List 13507070
IPNI 319063-2
iNaturalist 181630
iNaturalist 64103
iNaturalist 371523
iNaturalist 371524
iNaturalist 314485
GBIF 2767031
Freebase /m/030s2l
EPPO AGVAM
EOL 1083826
Elurikkus 299469
Calflora (Californian flora) 9006
USDA GRIN 1690
Wikipedia Agave_americana

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_032274545.1 ASM3227454v1 Scaffold Iridian Genomes 2023-10-02 50 1.99 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Characterization of novel natural cellulose fiber from Ficus macrocarpa bark for lightweight structural composite application and its effect on chemical treatment Tengsuthiwat J, A V, R V, G YG, Rangappa SM, Siengchin S Heliyon 26-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11079083
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30442
PMID:38726178
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Agave durangensis (Asparagales: Asparagaceae: Agavoideae) González-Trillo AC, Reyes López MÁ, Almaraz-Abarca N, Herrera-Arrieta Y, Gutiérrez-Velázquez MV, Barraza Salas M, Monreal-García HM, Torres-Ricario R Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 22-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11036899
doi:10.1080/23802359.2024.2338546
PMID:38655148
Saponin Extracts Utilization as Dietary Additive in Ruminant Nutrition: A Meta-Analysis of In Vivo Studies Yanza YR, Irawan A, Jayanegara A, Ramadhani F, Respati AN, Fitri A, Hidayat C, Niderkorn V, Cieslak A, Szumacher-Strabel M, Hidayat R, Tanuwiria UH Animals (Basel) 19-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11047613
doi:10.3390/ani14081231
PMID:38672383
The Complete Genome Sequences of 12 Species of Plants from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico Peña-Ramírez YJ, Labrín-Sotomayor NY, Becerra-Lucio PA, Ruiz-González H, Fortuny-Fernández NM, Alatorre-Cobos F, Pirro S Biodivers Genomes 08-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11031197
doi:10.56179/001c.116283
Bulbil initiation: a comprehensive review on resources, development, and utilisation, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms, advanced technologies, and future prospects Shu F, Wang D, Sarsaiya S, Jin L, Liu K, Zhao M, Wang X, Yao Z, Chen G, Chen J Front Plant Sci 08-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11033377
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1343222
PMID:38650701
Assessing Alien Plant Invasions in Urban Environments: A Case Study of Tshwane University of Technology and Implications for Biodiversity Conservation Nelufule T, Shivambu TC, Shivambu N, Moshobane MC, Seoraj-Pillai N, Nangammbi T Plants (Basel) 18-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10975853
doi:10.3390/plants13060872
PMID:38592858
Agave distribution and floral display influence foraging rates of an endangered pollinating bat and implications for conservation Lear KM, Moore CT, King EG, Gómez‐Ruiz E, Flores Maldonado JJ, Ibarra Sanchez C, Castañeda Aguilera A, Prebyl TJ, Hepinstall‐Cymerman J Ecol Evol 15-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10941551
doi:10.1002/ece3.11125
PMID:38495433
Flavonoids as Insecticides in Crop Protection—A Review of Current Research and Future Prospects Pereira V, Figueira O, Castilho PC Plants (Basel) 08-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10975847
doi:10.3390/plants13060776
PMID:38592833
Agave angustifolia Haw. Leaves as a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds: Extraction Optimization and Extract Characterization Bermúdez-Bazán M, Estarrón-Espinosa M, Castillo-Herrera GA, Escobedo-Reyes A, Urias-Silvas JE, Lugo-Cervantes E, Gschaedler-Mathis A Molecules 03-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10935067
doi:10.3390/molecules29051137
PMID:38474649
Adesmia pinifolia, a Native High-Andean Species, as a Potential Candidate for Phytoremediation of Cd and Hg Parera V, Pérez-Chaca MV, Gallardo LV, Gatica-Aguilar CV, Parera CA, Feresin GE Plants (Basel) 06-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10891624
doi:10.3390/plants13040464
PMID:38498429
Antioxidant, antidiabetic effects and polyphenolic contents of propolis from Siirt, Turkey Ören E, Tuncay S, Toprak YE, Fırat M, Toptancı İ, Karasakal ÖF, Işık M, Karahan M Food Sci Nutr 09-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC11016413
doi:10.1002/fsn3.3958
PMID:38628175
Inulin-based formulations as an emerging therapeutic strategy for cancer: A comprehensive review Ghali EN, Pranav, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM Int J Biol Macromol 05-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10922702
doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129216
PMID:38185294
A chromosome-level genome assembly of Agave hybrid NO.11648 provides insights into the CAM photosynthesis Yang Z, Yang Q, Liu Q, Li X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Ke Z, Lu Z, Shen H, Li J, Zhou W Hortic Res 19-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10848310
doi:10.1093/hr/uhad269
PMID:38333731
Insect α-Amylases and Their Application in Pest Management Wang B, Huang D, Cao C, Gong Y Molecules 01-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10708458
doi:10.3390/molecules28237888
PMID:38067617
How Poor Is Aphyllophoroid Fungi Diversity in the Boreal Urban Greenhouses of Eastern Europe? Shiryaev AG, Zmitrovich IV, Senator SA, Minogina EN, Tkachenko OB J Fungi (Basel) 17-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10672352
doi:10.3390/jof9111116
PMID:37998921

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylpyruvic acid derivatives
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid 979 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC(=O)C(=O)O)O 180.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Hydroquinones
Hydroquinone 785 Click to see 110.11 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenetriols and derivatives / Hydroxyquinols and derivatives
1,2,4-Benzenetriol 10787 Click to see 126.11 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenetriols and derivatives / Pyrogallols and derivatives / 5-unsubstituted pyrrogallols
Pyrogallol 1057 Click to see 126.11 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
[16,21,32,36-Tetrabromo-20-hydroxy-12,25-bis(hydroxyimino)-11,26-dioxo-2,18-dioxa-10,27-diazapentacyclo[28.2.2.214,17.13,7.119,23]octatriaconta-1(32),3,5,7(38),14,16,19,21,23(35),28,30,33,36-tridecaen-4-yl] hydrogen sulfate 75220431 Click to see C1CNC(=O)C(=NO)CC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)Br)OC3=C(C(=CC(=C3)CC(=NO)C(=O)NC=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC1=C5)OS(=O)(=O)O)Br)Br)O)Br 1018.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85782-9
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Wax esters / Wax monoesters
Tetratriacontyl hexadecanoate 13908814 Click to see 733.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90790-2
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
(10R)-10,18-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid 163034734 Click to see 316.50 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216016/
(R)-10,16-Dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid 11781204 Click to see 288.42 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216016/
10,16-Dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid 441449 Click to see 288.42 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216016/
10,18-Dihydroxy-octadecanoic acid 85780051 Click to see C(CCCCC(=O)O)CCCC(CCCCCCCCO)O 316.50 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1216016/
Palmitic Acid 985 Click to see 256.42 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
Stearic Acid 5281 Click to see 284.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
Nonanoic Acid 8158 Click to see CCCCCCCCC(=O)O 158.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Tetratriacontanol 185639 Click to see 494.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90790-2
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Linoleic Acid 5280450 Click to see 280.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
Linolenic Acid 5280934 Click to see 278.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Acyclic diterpenoids
Phytol 5280435 Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=CCO)C 296.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Germacranolides and derivatives
[(3aR,4R,6Z,10Z,11aS)-4-acetyloxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-6-yl]methyl (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate 162953859 Click to see 404.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Hecogenin 91453 Click to see 430.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957652
(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-15,16-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-10-one 162926654 Click to see 446.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.654
(25R)-5alpha-Spirostan-3beta-ol 219836 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CCC6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)OC1 416.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957652
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-8546
Hongguanggenin 52931465 Click to see 464.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/1028602021000054946
Tigogenin 99516 Click to see 416.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-8546
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-957652
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Tetrahydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-17-[(2S,3S,6S)-3,7-dihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,16-diol 12095933 Click to see 436.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.654
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,5R)-5-[(1R,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18S)-6,16-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 162926487 Click to see 610.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.654
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S,18S,19S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-16,19-bis[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]spiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-10-one 101044247 Click to see 770.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-8546
(1R,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16R,18S)-16-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-10-one 163005320 Click to see 1049.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568468
(1R,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18S)-16-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-5-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3S,5R,6S)-3,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-10-one 163023500 Click to see 1195.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568468
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(1R,2S,3'S,4S,4'R,5'S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S,18S,19S)-3',16-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-4'-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-19-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 163032581 Click to see 788.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.654
(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(1R,2S,3'S,4S,4'R,5'S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18S)-3',16-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-4'-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 162999111 Click to see 610.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.654
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,3'S,4S,5'R,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S,18S,19S)-3'-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-19-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 162987206 Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)OC1)O 772.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-8546
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S,18S,19S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-19-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 162942849 Click to see 756.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-8546
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 21625854 Click to see 1167.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1260320405
16-[5-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-[4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-3-(3,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-10-one 163023499 Click to see 1195.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568468
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[3'-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-19-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 78172924 Click to see 772.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-8546
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-19-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 73313118 Click to see 756.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-8546
2-[2-[2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 14104201 Click to see 1167.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1260320405
5',7,9,13-Tetramethyl-16,19-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]spiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-10-one 162937672 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(C(=O)CC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)OC1 770.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-8546
CID 78177919 78177919 Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(C(=O)CC5C4CCC6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 1049.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-8546
Hecogenintetraglucoside 10260521 Click to see 1049.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-8546
Spirostan-12-one, 3-[(O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-, (3beta,5alpha,25R)- 24846127 Click to see 1049.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00568468
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 154496016 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.654
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids
DL-Glutamine 738 Click to see C(CC(=O)N)C(C(=O)O)N 146.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Glutamic acid and derivatives
DL-Glutamic acid 611 Click to see 147.13 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Proline and derivatives
DL-Pyroglutamic acid 499 Click to see C1CC(=O)NC1C(=O)O 129.11 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Serine and derivatives
DL-Serine 617 Click to see 105.09 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
Fumaric Acid 444972 Click to see C(=CC(=O)O)C(=O)O 116.07 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
Maleic Acid 444266 Click to see 116.07 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
Succinic Acid 1110 Click to see 118.09 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
Citric Acid 311 Click to see 192.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
(3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4-oxobutanoic acid 14988492 Click to see 148.11 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2005.04.013
2-Hydroxysuccinic Acid Methyl Ester 12100555 Click to see COC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)O 148.11 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2005.04.013
Malic Acid 525 Click to see 134.09 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic acids and derivatives / Organic phosphoric acids and derivatives / Phosphate esters / Alkyl phosphates / Monoalkyl phosphates
Ethyl dihydrogen phosphate 74190 Click to see CCOP(=O)(O)O 126.05 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
Quinic acid 6508 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O 192.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,3-diacetyloxy-1-(4-acetyloxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 4-acetyloxybenzoate 162894301 Click to see 760.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.52.654
Sucrose 5988 Click to see 342.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides
Dihydroxyacetone 670 Click to see 90.08 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
Raffinose 439242 Click to see 504.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar acids and derivatives
2-keto-D-Gluconic acid 3035456 Click to see 194.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
Glyceric acid 752 Click to see C(C(C(=O)O)O)O 106.08 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Glycerin 753 Click to see C(C(CO)O)O 92.09 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Chromones
5-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-tritriacontyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 5322151 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2O1)OC)O 655.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)90790-2
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxepanes
Levoglucosan 2724705 Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O1)O2)O)O)O 162.14 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85782-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
3-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 73758095 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85782-9
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 5462193 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85782-9
kaempferol 3-O-beta-L-glucopyranoside 9911508 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85782-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-, (S)- 154496115 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OCO2)C3CC(=O)C4=C(O3)C=C(C(=C4O)OC)O 360.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83333-T
Agamanone 42608105 Click to see 360.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83333-T
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylisoflavones
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one 638205 Click to see 342.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1038/NPLANTS.2016.178

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