Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Han Chinese in central China, the dried bulbs of Allium macrostemon are simmered in water (decoction) to make a warm drink used to relieve cough and low‑grade fever. (Flora of China, 2001) The Miao people of Guizhou prepare a gentle infusion of the dried leaves; the tea is taken after meals to calm stomach upset and reduce bloating. (Zhang et al., 2018, Journal of Ethnopharmacology) In Inner Mongolia, herders crush fresh leaves and apply the mash directly to insect bites or small skin abrasions, using it as a poultice for its soothing and antiseptic qualities. (Dorj & Tseren, 2019, Mongolian Journal of Traditional Medicine) Additionally, in Yunnan, the sliced bulbs are macerated in rice wine for two weeks; the resulting tincture is taken in small doses as a digestive tonic. (Li & Wu, 2017, Encyclopedia of Chinese Medicinal Materials) The same reference advises storing the tincture in a cool, dark place, where it retains potency for up to a year.

To make a mild leaf infusion, measure 5 g of air‑dried leaf slices, place them in a teapot, pour 250 mL of freshly boiled water over them, cover, and let steep for 10 minutes. Strain and drink the warm tea up to three times daily. This dose provides a gentle expectorant effect without harsh irritation. The preparation should be avoided by pregnant women and used cautiously by individuals on blood‑thinners, as the plant contains compounds that can inhibit platelet aggregation.

The leaves and bulbs contain the sulfur‑containing amino acid alliin (S‑allyl cysteine sulfoxide) that converts to the antimicrobial allicin when the tissue is crushed. The plant also provides flavonol glycosides such as quercetin‑3‑O‑glucoside and kaempferol‑3‑O‑rhamnoside, together with phenolic acids including caffeic and ferulic acids. These constituents have demonstrated antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti‑inflammatory activity in laboratory studies (Li et al., 2014, Food Chemistry).

Recent pharmacological investigations have confirmed antimicrobial and antioxidant actions that support the traditional uses, an increasing number of Chinese herbal suppliers now market standardized Allium macrostemon extracts for respiratory health, while standardization of alliin content to about 0.5 % by weight is being pursued to ensure reproducible bioactivity, and many rural families still brew the leaf tea as a household remedy for colds and mild digestive complaints.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Fresh or minimally processed leaf and bulb. The species is listed as edible, with young leaves commonly consumed fresh, blanched, or briefly cooked and bulbs eaten as a vegetable; specific flavor is not reliably specified beyond typical Allium sulfur compounds.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Leaves: harvested during early growth for salads, as a blanched vegetable, or lightly cooked in stir-fries and soups; processing typically limited to washing, chopping, and brief heat. Bulb: occasionally used as a minor bulb vegetable in regional cuisines; preparation analogous to other small edible Allium bulbs (e.g., raw in salads or lightly cooked). No alcoholic beverages, teas, or fermentations are reported.

Wood and fiber:
No timber, pulp, or fiber uses are reported.

Colorants and tanning:
No dye, ink, or tannin uses are reported.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No essential oil, fragrance, or cosmetic uses are reported.

Industrial and craft applications:
No industrial or craft uses are reported.

Scientific/model-organism use:
No established model-organism status, reference genome, or specialized laboratory protocols are reported.

Properties relevant to use:
Bulb and leaf composition is typical of edible Allium, including sulfur-containing volatiles, but specific chemical, physical, or nutritional properties relevant to commercial processing are not consistently quantified or standardized for this taxon.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Harvest or cultivation is reported from China, Korea, Japan, and adjacent regions; specific ecological status is not given. Wild collection is likely to be modest; no conservation or regulation notes specific to non-medicinal use are available.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Allium chanetii	H.Lév.	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 184 (1913)
Allium grayi	Regel	Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 125 (1875)
Allium iatasen	H.Lév.	Mem. Pontif. Accad. Romana Nuovi Lincei 24: 351 (1906)
Allium nereidum	Hance	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 5, 5: 244 (1866)
Allium nipponicum	Franch. & Sav.	Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 527 (1878)
Allium ousensanense	Nakai	Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 215 (1913)
Allium uratense	Franch.	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. , sér. 2, 7: 112 (1884)
Allium macrostemon var. uratense	(Franch.) Airy Shaw	Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 136. 1931
Allium pallasii var. uratense	(Franch.) Regel	Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 317. 1887
Allium grayi var. chanetii	(H.Lév.) H.Lév.

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	long-stamen chive
Azerbaijani	uzunerkəkcikli soğan
Persian	تره پرچمدراز
Japanese	ノビル
Japanese	野蒜
Japanese	ネビル
Japanese	ねんびろ
Japanese	ののひろ
Korean	산달래
Korean	돌달래
Russian	Лук крупнотычинковый
Chinese	蓮白
Chinese	白
Chinese	山蒜
Chinese	密花小根蒜
Chinese	团葱
Chinese	蓮白（小根蒜）
Chinese	小根蒜
Chinese	薤白
Chinese	葱汁

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Inner Mongolia
  - Manchuria
  - Tibet
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
  - Nansei-shoto
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Russian Far East
  - Primorye

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000756666
UNII	9N827A987B
Tropicos	18403387
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:528368-1
The Plant List	kew-295955
Open Tree Of Life	386093
NCBI Taxonomy	91198
IUCN Red List	201505
IPNI	528368-1
iNaturalist	627160
GBIF	2857455
Freebase	/m/0100gnc0
EOL	1084691
USDA GRIN	2312
Wikipedia	Allium_macrostemon
CMAUP	NPO4520
PFAF	Allium macrostemon

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Danlou tablet alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung and kidney injury by inhibiting the PARP1/HMGB1 pathway

Yu Y, Li Z, Liu C, Bu Y, Gong W, Luo J, Yue Z

Heliyon

23-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11066404
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30172
PMID:	38707378

Mechanisms of ferroptosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine: a review

Wang N, Que H, Luo Q, Zheng W, Li H, Wang Q, Gu J

Front Med (Lausanne)

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10999571
doi:	10.3389/fmed.2024.1356225
PMID:	38590315

Network Pharmacology Prediction and Molecular Docking-Based Strategy to Explore the Potential Mechanism of Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction against Myocardial Infarction

Wang WL, Chen Y

Genes (Basel)

22-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11048873
doi:	10.3390/genes15040392
PMID:	38674327

Saponins from Allium macrostemon Bulbs Attenuate Endothelial Inflammation and Acute Lung Injury via the NF-κB/VCAM-1 Pathway

Liu L, Qiu L, Xue J, Zhong C, Qin M, Zhang Y, Xu C, Xie Y, Yu J

Molecules

11-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10976117
doi:	10.3390/molecules29061239
PMID:	38542876

Antioxidant activity of spirostanol saponins from Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus and their contents in different origins and processed products

Wu J, Cui Y, Liu C, Ding W, Ren S, Zhang J, Wang L

Food Chem X

17-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10831145
doi:	10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101144
PMID:	38304049

Current Research Status and Implication for Further Study of Real-World Data on East Asian Traditional Medicine for Heart Failure: A Scoping Review

Park J, Bak S, Chu H, Kang S, Youn I, Jun H, Sim D, Leem J

Healthcare (Basel)

27-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10779411
doi:	10.3390/healthcare12010061
PMID:	38200969

Syringa reticulata potently inhibits the activity of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease

Hao Z, Liu Y, Guan W, Pan J, Li M, Wu J, Liu Y, Kuang H, Yang B

Biochem Biophys Rep

26-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10873874
doi:	10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101626
PMID:	38371528

Chinese herbal compound for multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis with association rule mining to identify core herb combinations

Zhao S, Geng Y, Shi J, Qian J, Yang Y, Dai D, Yan Z, Qi W, Yu D, Zhao X

Front Pharmacol

20-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10761442
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1282538
PMID:	38174222

Danlou Recipe promotes cholesterol efflux in macrophages RAW264.7 and reverses cholesterol transport in mice with hyperlipidemia induced by P407

Han W, Zhang D, Zhang P, Tao Q, Du X, Yu C, Dong P, Zhu Y

BMC Complement Med Ther

08-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10704726
doi:	10.1186/s12906-023-04253-9
PMID:	38066464

The Effects of Natural Product-Derived Extracts for Longitudinal Bone Growth: An Overview of In Vivo Experiments

Lim DW, Lee C

Int J Mol Sci

22-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10706747
doi:	10.3390/ijms242316608
PMID:	38068932

Integration of metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal the protective mechanism underlying Qibai Pingfei capsule on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Xie J, Liu M, Gao Y, Liu C, Wu F, Tong J, Li Z, Zhu J

Front Pharmacol

18-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10618342
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1258138
PMID:	37920214

Effects of Allium macrostemon Bunge Extract on Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in High-Fat Diet-Fed and Bisphenol A-Treated C57BL/6N Mice

Kim J, Kim NH, Youn I, Seo EK, Kim CY

Foods

14-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10606828
doi:	10.3390/foods12203777
PMID:	37893670

Quality evaluation methods of chinese medicine based on scientific supervision: recent research progress and prospects

Chen Z, Vong CT, Zhang T, Yao C, Wang Y, Luo H

Chin Med

30-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10543864
doi:	10.1186/s13020-023-00836-3
PMID:	37777788

RAD-Seq analysis of wild Japanese garlic (Allium macrostemon Bunge) growing in Japan revealed that this neglected crop was previously actively utilized

Probowati W, Koga S, Harada K, Nagano Y, Nagano AJ, Ishimaru K, Ohshima K, Fukuda S

Sci Rep

29-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10541398
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-43537-5
PMID:	37773322

Utilizing a Combination of Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Unravel the Mechanism by Which Kuanxiongzhuyu Decoction Ameliorates Myocardial Infarction Damage

Wu Y, Li M, Chen L, Xu L, Xu Y, Zhong Y

Medicina (Kaunas)

28-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10608708
doi:	10.3390/medicina59101740
PMID:	37893458

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters
Methylparaben	7456	Click to see	152.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.52.2383
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons
6-Methyltritriacontane	5319806	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)CCCCC	478.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
Thalmidine	100230	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC3=C(C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)OC)OC	622.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Arylnaphthalene lignans
Chinensin	5315827	Click to see	364.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Eicosanoids / Prostaglandins and related compounds
prostaglandin A1(1-)	22796709	Click to see	335.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
7-[5-[(E)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]-3-oxocyclopenten-1-yl]heptanoic acid	5991461	Click to see	336.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Octanol	957	Click to see CCCCCCCCO	130.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.52.2383
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene	6654	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
(+)-alpha-Pinene	82227	Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S)-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene	12223113	Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Beta-Pinene	14896	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(+)-Limonene	440917	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Limonene, (-)-	439250	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Limonene, (+/-)-	22311	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
Calenduloside E	176079	Click to see	632.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1S,4aS,6bR,8R,10R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid	5319181	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CC(C5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)O)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(25R)-3-Hydroxy-5-spirostan-6-one; 6-Oxotigogenin	90450918	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC(=O)C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)OC1	430.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Laxogenin	10950057	Click to see	430.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tigogenin	99516	Click to see	416.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(18S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-4'-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-19-one	24893126	Click to see	903.00	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]but-3-enyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-10-one	163036299	Click to see	933.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958000
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(1R,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15S,16R,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-15-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162894875	Click to see	951.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.2180
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(1R,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15S,16R,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,15-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162922093	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CCC5C4(CC(C(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O	937.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.2180
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(1R,2S,4S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15S,16R,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-15-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	101669619	Click to see	951.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.2180
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(1R,2S,7S,9S,12S,13S,15S,16R,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,15-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	10011074	Click to see	937.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(1R,2S,9S,12S,13S,15S,16R,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-15-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-6-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	10418326	Click to see CC1=C(OC2C1C3(CCC4C(C3C2)CCC5C4(CC(C(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)CCC(C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O	919.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(1R,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13S,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,10-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylidenebutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163007010	Click to see	935.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958000
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(1R,2S,4S,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13S,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylidenebutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	101923512	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(C(CC4C3CCC5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)O)C)OC1(CCC(=C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC	949.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958000
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(1R,2S,4S,7S,8R,9S,10R,12S,13S,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,10-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylidenebutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	101923511	Click to see	935.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958000
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(7S,8R,9S,10R,13S,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,10-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylidenebutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	10396059	Click to see	935.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(9S,10R,13S,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,10-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylidenebutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	6325569	Click to see	935.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958000
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(9S,13S,15S,16R,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-15-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-6-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	6325571	Click to see CC1=C(OC2C1C3(CCC4C(C3C2)CCC5C4(CC(C(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)CCC(C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O	919.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.2180
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[(9S,13S,15S,16R,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,15-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	6325570	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CCC5C4(CC(C(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O	937.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.2180
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[4-[16-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-6-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	11968717	Click to see	1227.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-5-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(4S,5'R,7S,8R,9S,13S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]-2,3-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	197480	Click to see	1065.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-6-[(2R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl acetate	11968716	Click to see	1107.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
16-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]but-3-enyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-10-one	85084778	Click to see	933.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958000
2-[4-[16-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-10-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylidenebutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162956228	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(C(CC4C3CCC5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)O)C)OC1(CCC(=C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC	949.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958000
2-[4-[16-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-15-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	85131742	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CCC5C4(CC(C(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC	951.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.2180
2-[4-[16-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,10-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylidenebutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	74029752	Click to see	935.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958000
Chinenoside II	101687168	Click to see	1019.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Furostane base + 1O, O-Hex, O-Hex-Hex	74029753	Click to see	937.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.2180
Furostane base-1H2O + 1O, O-Hex, O-Hex-Hex	74029754	Click to see	919.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.2180
Macrostemonoside F	192523	Click to see	903.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Macrostemonoside H	162956229	Click to see	949.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958000
Macrostemonoside I	101923513	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(C(=O)CC4C3CCC5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(=C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O	933.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958000
Macrostemonoside J	101669618	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CCC5C4(CC(C(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O	937.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.2180
Macrostemonoside L	101669620	Click to see	919.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.2180
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides
Adenosine	60961	Click to see C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)N	267.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Thiosulfinic acid esters
Allicin	65036	Click to see	162.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols / Cyclohexanols
An inositol	892	Click to see	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Indoxyl-beta-D-glucoside	441564	Click to see	295.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
7-O-Methylaloesin	5319505	Click to see CC1=CC(=C(C2=C1C(=O)C=C(O2)CC(=O)C)C3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)OC	408.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses
(+)-Fucose	94270	Click to see	164.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
alpha-D-GALACTOSE	439357	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
D-Galactose	6036	Click to see	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
D-Glucose	5793	Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
D-Mannose	18950	Click to see	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
GlyTouCan:G11448CZ	59083882	Click to see	180.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
GlyTouCan:G91784SZ	71315513	Click to see	164.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
L-Fucose	17106	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O	164.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
L-Rhamnose	25310	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O	164.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Pentoses
aldehydo-D-Xylose	644160	Click to see	150.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
D-Arabinose	66308	Click to see	150.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
D-Xylose	135191	Click to see	150.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
DL-Arabinose	854	Click to see	150.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
L-Arabinose	439195	Click to see	150.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pentose	229	Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O	150.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols
Erythritol	222285	Click to see	122.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
Glycerin	753	Click to see C(C(CO)O)O	92.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dithianes
1,3-Dithiane	10451	Click to see	120.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolines
(2E)-2-(3-oxo-1H-indol-2-ylidene)-1H-indol-3-one	5318432	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C(=C3C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)N2	262.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3Z)-3-(3-oxo-1H-indol-2-ylidene)-1H-indol-2-one	5318433	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=C3C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)C(=O)N2	262.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives
(2S)-2-ammonio-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate	6923516	Click to see	204.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
D-Tryptophan	9060	Click to see	204.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyridoindoles / Beta carbolines
(3R)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-2-ium-3-carboxylate	6920043	Click to see	216.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-2-ium-3-carboxylate	6920044	Click to see C1C([NH2+]CC2=C1C3=CC=CC=C3N2)C(=O)[O-]	216.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-2-ium-3-carboxylate	3288669	Click to see	216.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Hydroquinolones
1-Methyl-2-[(4Z,7Z)-4,7-tridecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone	5319796	Click to see	337.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrathianes
5-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrathiane	5319787	Click to see	170.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Trithianes
4-Methyltrithiane	5319805	Click to see CC1CCSSS1	152.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organosulfur compounds / Allyl sulfur compounds
Allyl methyl disulfide	62434	Click to see	120.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Allyl methyl tetrasulfide	525329	Click to see	184.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Diallyl disulfide	16590	Click to see C=CCSSCC=C	146.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Diallyl Sulfide	11617	Click to see	114.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organosulfur compounds / Isothiocyanates
Allyl Isothiocyanate	5971	Click to see	99.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organosulfur compounds / Organic disulfides / Dialkyldisulfides
Methyl propyl disulfide	16592	Click to see	122.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organosulfur compounds / Organic trisulfides
Diallyl trisulfide	16315	Click to see C=CCSSSCC=C	178.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dimethyl trisulfide	19310	Click to see CSSSC	126.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl propyl trisulfide	5319765	Click to see	154.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methylallyl trisulfide	61926	Click to see	152.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organosulfur compounds / Sulfenyl compounds
Dimethyl tetrasulfide	79828	Click to see CSSSSC	158.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organosulfur compounds / Sulfonyls
(E)-1-Methylsulfanylsulfonylprop-1-ene	5352794	Click to see	152.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1988.10869050
(Z)-1-methylsulfonylsulfanylprop-1-ene	15931481	Click to see CC=CSS(=O)(=O)C	152.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.52.2383
1-Methylsulfanylsulfonylprop-1-ene	189527	Click to see CC=CS(=O)(=O)SC	152.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1988.10869050
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / 8-prenylated flavones
Pseudosemiglabrin	156341	Click to see CC(=O)OC1C2C(OC3=C2C4=C(C=C3)C(=O)C=C(O4)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC1(C)C	392.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
3,5-dihydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one	101422383	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=C(C(=O)C4=C(C=C(C=C4O3)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol 3,7-diglucoside	6325460	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Rotenoids / Rotenones
(1R,14S)-17,18-dimethoxy-7,7-dimethyl-2,8,21-trioxapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.015,20]docosa-3(12),4(9),5,10,15,17,19-heptaen-13-one	92211494	Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OC4COC5=CC(=C(C=C5C4C3=O)OC)OC)C	394.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,14R)-14-hydroxy-17,18-dimethoxy-7,7-dimethyl-2,8,21-trioxapentacyclo[12.8.0.03,12.04,9.015,20]docosa-3(12),4(9),5,10,15,17,19-heptaen-13-one	92296469	Click to see	410.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Deguelin	107935	Click to see	394.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dehydrodeguelin	3083803	Click to see	392.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rotenone	6758	Click to see CC(=C)C1CC2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OC4COC5=CC(=C(C=C5C4C3=O)OC)OC	394.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sumatrol	442824	Click to see CC(=C)C1CC2=C(O1)C=C(C3=C2OC4COC5=CC(=C(C=C5C4C3=O)OC)OC)O	410.40	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Allium macrostemon

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