Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Vepris nobilis is used across eastern and central Africa as a bitter febrifuge and digestive tonic. Among the Kamba and Kikuyu communities of Kenya, leaves or young stems are infused or decocted to reduce fever and treat malaria and associated chills, with single‑cup infusions taken as needed for symptomatic relief (Kokwaro, 2009). In the Kilimanjaro area of Tanzania, roots are chewed or prepared as a stronger decoction for malaria, dysentery, and stomach upsets (Hedberg et al., 1983). Around Lake Victoria in Uganda and Rwanda, leaves are infused as a mild tea to ease colds and flu; in addition, leaves or bark are mashed and used as a poultice on wounds and sores to cleanse the area (Katende et al., 1999). These preparations rely on the plant’s marked bitterness, which guides dosing and expectation of effect.

For a practical remedy, a mild febrifuge tea can be prepared with either leaves or young stems. Simmer 1–2 g of the plant material in 200 ml water for 10–12 minutes, cool briefly, and drink a half to one cup one or two times daily until fever subsides. This approximates the traditional single‑dose infusions reported in Kenya and associated practice in the East African highlands (Kokwaro, 2009; Hedberg et al., 1983). Use cautiously in pregnancy and early childhood; the bitterness and occasional bark use suggest gastric irritation is possible at higher doses. Discontinue if gastrointestinal discomfort appears and seek advice for persistent fever or malaria symptoms.

The bitterness and purported activity align with characteristic Rutaceae chemistry: quinoline and furoquinoline alkaloids have been detected in Vepris species and in V. nobilis specimens from Tanzania (Msonthi, 1991), alongside coumarins and limonoids that often accompany such alkaloids. These compounds provide a plausible basis for the reported febrifuge and antimicrobial actions. Today, V. nobilis remains available through regional herbal markets as bitter leaves or bark and continues to be used in East Africa, while in vitro studies on its alkaloids and extracts support continued pharmacognosy interest despite the need for more clinical data.

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Toddalia nobilis	Hook.f. ex Oliv.	Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 306 (1868)
Teclea diversifolia	Lanza	Lav. Reale Ist. Bot. Palermo 5: 7 (1934)
Teclea nobilis	Delile	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 2, 20: 90 (1843)
Aspidostigma acuminatum	Hochst.	Flora 27: 18 (1844)
Cranzia nobilis	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 99 (1891)

Common names Top

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Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Djibouti
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
  - Somalia
  - Sudan
- South Tropical Africa
  - Malawi
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Burundi
  - Rwanda
  - Zaïre

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Yemen

Links to other databases Top

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Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000420153
Tropicos	50052221
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:969503-1
The Plant List	kew-2454487
Open Tree Of Life	5747655
NCBI Taxonomy	1220089
IUCN Red List	153944693
IPNI	969503-1
iNaturalist	147401
GBIF	3834246
EOL	5625882
CMAUP	NPO12078
Wikipedia	Vepris_nobilis

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants and their utilization by indigenous and local communities of Dugda District, Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia

Oda BK, Lulekal E, Warkineh B, Asfaw Z, Debella A

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

09-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10924356
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00665-0
PMID:	38461267

Medicinal Plants Used by Oromo Community in Kofale District, West-Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Nuro GB, Tolossa K, Giday M

J Exp Pharmacol

05-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10929209
doi:	10.2147/JEP.S449496
PMID:	38476311

Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants in Dibatie district, Metekel zone, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, western Ethiopia

Anbessa B, Lulekal E, Getachew P, Hymete A

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

27-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10900549
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00671-2
PMID:	38413982

Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants and their utilization by the people of Soro District, Hadiya Zone, southern Ethiopia

Hankiso M, Asfaw Z, Warkineh B, Abebe A, Sisay B, Debella A

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

22-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10885532
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00651-6
PMID:	38389077

A comprehensive review of antimalarial medicinal plants used by Tanzanians

Kacholi DS

Pharm Biol

25-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10812860
doi:	10.1080/13880209.2024.2305453
PMID:	38270178

Determinants of plant community along environmental gradients in Geramo forest, the western escarpment of the rift valley of Ethiopia

Getaneh ZA, Demissew S, Woldu Z, Aynekulu E

PLoS One

27-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10681247
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0294324
PMID:	38011089

Ectoparasite Fauna of Rodents and Shrews with Their Spatial, Temporal, and Dispersal along a Degradation Gradient in Mabira Central Forest Reserve

Babyesiza WS, Mpagi J, Ssuuna J, Akoth S, Katakweba A

J Parasitol Res

28-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10625493
doi:	10.1155/2023/7074041
PMID:	37928436

Medicinal plants of the upper Aswa River catchment of northern Uganda - a cultural crossroads

Masters ET

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

27-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10605377
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00620-5
PMID:	37884931

Potential of medicinal plants as antimalarial agents: a review of work done at Kenya Medical Research Institute

Irungu B, Okari E, Nyangi M, Njeru S, Koech L

Front Pharmacol

20-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10623325
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1268924
PMID:	37927601

Chimpanzees select comfortable nesting tree species

Lacroux C, Krief S, Douady S, Cornette R, Durand S, Aleeje A, Asalu E, Pouydebat E

Sci Rep

07-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10560204
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-44192-6
PMID:	37805595

In Vitro Cercaricidal Activity, Acute Toxicity, and GC/MS Analysis of Some Selected Ghanaian Medicinal Plants

Osei-Mensah B, Boakye YD, Anyan WK, Agana TA, Aboagye EA, Bentil I, Lomotey ES, Adu F, Agyare C

J Parasitol Res

15-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10516696
doi:	10.1155/2023/4589424
PMID:	37745984

Ethnobotanical study of nutraceutical plants used to manage opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Acholi sub-region, Northern Uganda

Ikinyom N, Lamwaka AV, Malagala AT, Ndyomugyenyi EK

Trop Med Health

01-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10472741
doi:	10.1186/s41182-023-00540-w
PMID:	37658427

Furoquinoline Alkaloids: Insights into Chemistry, Occurrence, and Biological Properties

Szewczyk A, Pęczek F

Int J Mol Sci

15-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10454094
doi:	10.3390/ijms241612811
PMID:	37628986

Ethnobotanical study of underutilized wild edible plants and threats to their long-term existence in Midakegn District, West Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia

Guzo S, Lulekal E, Nemomissa S

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

14-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10347739
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00601-8
PMID:	37452368

Root and branch hydraulic functioning and trait coordination across organs in drought-deciduous and evergreen tree species of a subtropical highland forest

Schönauer M, Hietz P, Schuldt B, Rewald B

Front Plant Sci

12-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10291250
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1127292
PMID:	37377798

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Phenylethyl Alcohol	6054	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCO	122.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Fatty acid methyl esters
Methyl petroselinate	5362717	Click to see	296.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
p-Mentha-1,3,8-triene	176983	Click to see CC1=CC=C(CC1)C(=C)C	134.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
1-(4-hydroxy-3a-methyl-7-methylidene-2,3,4,5,6,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-2-methylpropan-1-one	73880654	Click to see	236.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0106485
Teclenone A	637008	Click to see	236.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0106485
Teclenone B	10354116	Click to see	236.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0106485
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Germacranolides and derivatives
[(3aR,4S,6E,9S,10Z,11aR)-9-hydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	11953937	Click to see	346.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Icariside F2	14079045	Click to see C1C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCC3=CC=CC=C3)O)O)O)O)(CO)O	402.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
Apiole	10659	Click to see	222.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Myristicin	4276	Click to see	192.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Benzoquinolines / Acridines / Acridones
1-Hydroxy-2,3,6,7-tetramethoxy-10-methylacridin-9-one	163041408	Click to see	345.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
Arborinine	5281832	Click to see CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C31)OC)OC)O	285.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013 https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200413167
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Dihydrofuranoquinolines
(2S)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one	638263	Click to see	259.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4
(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2,9-trimethyl-3H-furo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one	162913263	Click to see CC1(C(C2=C(O1)N(C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)C)O)C	245.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4
3-hydroxy-2,2,9-trimethyl-3H-furo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one	162913262	Click to see	245.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4
Isoplatydesmine	11219133	Click to see CC(C)(C1CC2=C(O1)N(C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)C)O	259.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200413167 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Furanoquinolines
(2R)-1-(4,7-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-6-yl)oxy-3-methoxy-3-methylbutan-2-ol	163033709	Click to see CC(C)(C(COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC)O)OC	361.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
(2R)-1-(4,7-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-6-yl)oxy-3-methylbutane-2,3-diol	162911907	Click to see	347.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.08.012
(2S)-1-(4,7-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-6-yl)oxy-3-methoxy-3-methylbutan-2-ol	163033708	Click to see	361.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
(2S)-1-(4,7-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-6-yl)oxy-3-methylbutane-2,3-diol	25157866	Click to see	347.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4
(2S)-3-chloro-1-(4,7-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-6-yl)oxy-3-methylbutan-2-ol	162998818	Click to see	365.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
[(2R)-1-(4,7-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-6-yl)oxy-3-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl] acetate	38346088	Click to see	389.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.08.012
1-(4,7-Dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-6-yl)oxy-3-methoxy-3-methylbutan-2-ol	11360412	Click to see	361.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
3-Chloro-1-(4,7-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-6-yl)oxy-3-methylbutan-2-ol	11428548	Click to see	365.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
4,6-Dimethoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)furo[2,3-b]quinoline	13970974	Click to see	313.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
6-[(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)methoxy]-4,7-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinoline	11404711	Click to see CC1(C(O1)COC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)C(=C4C=COC4=N3)OC)OC)C	329.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.12.023 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
6-[[(2R)-3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl]methoxy]-4,7-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinoline	163091449	Click to see	329.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.12.023 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
7-[(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)methoxy]-4,6-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinoline	11461631	Click to see CC1(C(O1)COC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)N=C4C(=C3OC)C=CO4)OC)C	329.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
7-[[(2R)-3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl]methoxy]-4,6-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinoline	162860005	Click to see CC1(C(O1)COC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)N=C4C(=C3OC)C=CO4)OC)C	329.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
7-[[(2R)-3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl]methoxy]-4,8-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinoline	23629251	Click to see	329.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
7-[[(2S)-3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl]methoxy]-4,8-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinoline	163035693	Click to see	329.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
7-Isopentenyloxy-gamma-fagarine	12110169	Click to see	313.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
Anhydroevoxine	161441	Click to see	329.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
Flindersiamine	68221	Click to see	273.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4 https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200413167
Kokusagine	5318829	Click to see	243.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013 https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200413167
Kokusaginine	10227	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC	259.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.08.012
Maculine	68232	Click to see	243.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200413167 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.08.012
Nkolbisine	157014	Click to see CC(C)(C(COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC)O)O	347.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4
Pteleine	159650	Click to see	229.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200413167 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
Skimmianine	6760	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC	259.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200413167 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.08.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4
Tecleabine	641762	Click to see	313.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200413167 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Hydroquinolones
(S)-Edulinine	356087	Click to see	291.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4
3-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl]-4-methoxy-1-methylquinolin-2-one	10902387	Click to see CC(C)(C(CC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2N(C1=O)C)OC)O)O	291.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Pyranoquinolines
(3S)-3-hydroxy-2,2,10-trimethyl-3,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-5-one	932818	Click to see	259.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83170-4 https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200413167
8-Methoxyflindersine	14166104	Click to see	257.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens
Isoimperatorin	68081	Click to see	270.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens / 8-methoxypsoralens
Cnidilin	821449	Click to see	300.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
(2S)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	162842343	Click to see CC(=CCOC1=CC(=C2C(=O)CC(OC2=C1)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)C	340.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
5,4'-Dihydroxy-7-O-prenylflavanone	12110170	Click to see CC(=CCOC1=CC(=C2C(=O)CC(OC2=C1)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)C	340.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.09.013
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
6''-Acetylapiin	10531745	Click to see	606.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Apigenin 7-O-glucoside	5280704	Click to see	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Apiin	5280746	Click to see	564.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Diosmetin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside	11016019	Click to see	462.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Luteolin 7-O-(2-(beta-D-apiofuranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside)	101248035	Click to see	580.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Malonylapiin	5280803	Click to see	650.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids
Diosmetin	5281612	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	300.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflav-2-enes / Isoflavones
Genistein	5280961	Click to see	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Vepris nobilis

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top