Haplophyllum tuberculatum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401fbc28bd1199808223 |
| Scientific name | Haplophyllum tuberculatum |
| Authority | (Forssk.) A.Juss. |
| First published in | Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 12: 528 (1825) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
Suggest a correction!
Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A.Juss. has been used in desert and semi‑desert regions as a fragrant, stomachic, and respiratory remedy, with preparations made from leaves or aerial parts by infusion, decoction, poultice, or maceration in oil or water. Among Bedouin pastoralists in the Arabian Peninsula, an infusion of the leaves is taken after meals to aid digestion and relieve colic (Ghazanfar, 1994). In northeastern Iran’s Sistan and Baluchestan, communities similarly prepare a mild decoction of leaves as a carminative and fever reducer (Mozafarian, 1996). Bedouin healers in Jordan also value the aerial parts, simmering them in water for coughs and respiratory complaints, while in Morocco’s Anti‑Atlas, a poultice of crushed aerial parts or fresh leaves is applied to wounds and skin infections (Bellakhdar, 1997).
The preparation methods are simple and consistent across regions: for a mild digestive tea, pour approximately 250 mL of just‑boiled water over 1–2 g (about 1 small handful) of dried leaves and aerial parts, steep 5–10 minutes, strain, and sip a cup after meals; for a topical poultice, lightly crush 10–20 g of fresh aerial parts to a mash, apply directly to the affected area, cover, and renew twice daily; for a hydroalcoholic tincture (1:5 by weight), macerate 100 g of dried aerial parts in 500 mL of 45% ethanol for 2–4 weeks in a dark place, shaking occasionally, then press and filter. Safety notes are important: aerial parts contain furanocoumarins and quinoline alkaloids that can cause phototoxicity or skin irritation, and the plant should not be used during pregnancy; the tea should be limited to 1–2 cups per day and avoided by individuals with known photosensitivity.
Phytochemistry supports these uses: the aerial parts contain essential oils rich in α‑ and β‑pinene, limonene, and camphor, and notable furanocoumarins such as psoralen and isopimpinellin; quinoline alkaloids (including haplophylline) and tetranortriterpenoids (such as haplophytin) are also reported (Ulubelen et al., 2000). The antimicrobial and carminative actions plausibly relate to the essential oils and the photoactive furanocoumarins, while the antispasmodic effect aligns with the alkaloidal constituents.
Modern relevance remains modest yet steady: small batches of dried aerial parts are sold in regional herb markets, while ethanolic extracts and essential‑oil preparations occasionally appear in niche cosmetics and aromatherapy products; active research continues to probe antimicrobial, anti‑inflammatory, and antispasmodic activities, which dovetails with documented traditional applications in digestive and respiratory care (Ulubelen et al., 2000).
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Ruta obovata | (Steud.) O.Schwartz | Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 125 (1939) |
| Ruta dichotoma | DC. | Prodr. 1: 711 (1824) |
| Ruta montbretii | Viv. | Pl. Aegypt. Dec. : 13 (1830) |
| Ruta glabra | DC. | Prodr. 1: 711 (1824) |
| Ruta telephiifolia | Pau | Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 19 (1918) |
| Ruta propinqua | (Spach) O.Schwartz | Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 125 (1939) |
| Ruta stocksiana | (Boiss.) Burkill | List Fl. Pl. Baluchistan : 17 (1909) |
| Ruta kotschyi | Pau | Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 19 (1918) |
| Haplophyllum arabicum | Boiss. | Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 127 (1849) |
| Haplophyllum candolleanum | Spach ex Jaub. & Spach | Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: t. 270 (1848) |
| Haplophyllum chesneyanum | Boiss. | Fl. Orient. 1: 941 (1867) |
| Haplophyllum eremophilum | Boiss. & Hausskn. | Fl. Orient. , Suppl.: 149 (1888) |
| Haplophyllum filifolium | Spach ex Jaub. & Spach | Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: t. 265 (1848) |
| Haplophyllum glabrum | Bornm. | Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 31(2): 168. 1911 |
| Haplophyllum haussknechtii | Boiss. | Fl. Orient. , Suppl.: 148 (1888) |
| Haplophyllum kotschyi | Spach | Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 11: 186 (1849) |
| Haplophyllum longifolium | Boiss. | Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 127 (1849) |
| Haplophyllum obovatum | Hand.-Mazz. | Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 63: 54 (1913) |
| Haplophyllum propinquum | Spach | Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 11: 189 (1849) |
| Haplophyllum stocksianum | Boiss. | Diagn. Pl. Orient. , ser. 2, 1: 117 (1854) |
| Haplophyllum trichostylum | Bunge | Fl. Orient. 1: 941 (1867) |
| Haplophyllum vermiculare | Hand.-Mazz. | Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 63: 51 (1913) |
| Haplophyllum villosulum | Boiss. & Hausskn. | Fl. Orient. 1: 936 (1867) |
| Haplophyllum tuberculatum subsp. vermiculare | (Hand.-Mazz.) Maire | Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 32: 207 1941 |
| Ruta tuberculata | Forssk. | Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. : 86 (1775) |
| Ruta tuberculata var. montbretti | DC. | Prodr. 1: 711 1824 |
| Haplophyllum dichotomum | (DC.) G.Don | Gen. Hist. 1: 780 (1831) |
| Haplophyllum glabrum | G.Don | Gen. Hist. 1: 780 (1831) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Arabic | صنان التيس |
| Arabic | عفنة |
| Arabic | مسيكة |
| Arabic | شجرات الريح |
| Arabic | مجبينية |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
Northeast Tropical Africa
- Chad
- Somalia
- Sudan
-
Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Egypt
- Libya
- Morocco
- Tunisia
-
Northeast Tropical Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Arabian Peninsula
- Kuwait
- Oman
- Saudi Arabia
- Yemen
-
Western Asia
- Afghanistan
- Iran
- Iraq
- Lebanon-Syria
- Palestine
- Sinai
- Turkey
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- India
- Pakistan
-
Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000715624 |
| Tropicos | 28101396 |
| INPN | 611163 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:771339-1 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 1081353 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 452784 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0000459212 |
| IPNI | 771339-1 |
| iNaturalist | 489421 |
| GBIF | 5834570 |
| EPPO | HAYTU |
| USDA GRIN | 417521 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzamides | |||||
| [(3R)-4-acetyloxy-1-[(2S,3S)-3-[[4-(2-benzamidoethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-4-methylpentan-3-yl] acetate | 163023277 | Click to see | 511.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| [4-Acetyloxy-1-[3-[[4-(2-benzamidoethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-4-methylpentan-3-yl] acetate | 376181 | Click to see CC(=O)OC(CCC1(C(O1)COC2=CC=C(C=C2)CCNC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)C)C(C)(C)OC(=O)C | 511.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50085A008 |
| 2-[5-[2-[4-(2-Benzamidoethyl)phenoxy]-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]propan-2-yl acetate | 376183 | Click to see | 469.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84923-7 |
| N-Phenethylbenzamide | 95083 | Click to see | 225.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| Tubacetine | 44584601 | Click to see | 511.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50085A008 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| Tuberine, (+)- | 9982128 | Click to see | 469.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)87142-H https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84923-7 https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209109082895 |
| > Benzenoids / Phenol ethers | |||||
| [(3S)-4-acetyloxy-4-methyl-1-[(2S,3R)-2-methyl-3-[[4-[2-(3-methylbut-2-enoylamino)ethyl]phenoxy]methyl]oxiran-2-yl]pentan-3-yl] acetate | 44584602 | Click to see | 489.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50085A008 |
| [(3S)-4-acetyloxy-4-methyl-1-[(2S,3S)-2-methyl-3-[[4-[2-(3-methylbut-2-enoylamino)ethyl]phenoxy]methyl]oxiran-2-yl]pentan-3-yl] acetate | 638662 | Click to see CC(=CC(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)OCC2C(O2)(C)CCC(C(C)(C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C | 489.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| 2-[(2S,5S)-5-[(1S)-2-[4-(2-benzamidoethyl)phenoxy]-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]propan-2-yl acetate | 162845188 | Click to see | 469.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84923-7 |
| > Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles | |||||
| (Z)-N-(4-Methoxystyryl)formamide | 11137672 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CNC=O | 177.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| Tuberin | 5352006 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CNC=O | 177.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50085A008 |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Arylnaphthalene lignans | |||||
| 9-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxynaphtho(2,3-c)furan-1(3H)-one | 100492 | Click to see | 380.30 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(84)83096-4 |
| 9-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-8-H-furo(3',4':6,7)naphtho(2,3-d)(1,3)dioxol-6-one | 122805 | Click to see | 364.30 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(84)83096-4 https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209109082895 |
| Justicidin A | 159982 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=C3C(=C2OC)COC3=O)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5)OC | 394.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.1999.66115 https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209109082895 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(84)83096-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(86)90156-X |
| Justicidin B | 442882 | Click to see COC1=CC2=CC3=C(C(=C2C=C1OC)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5)C(=O)OC3 | 364.30 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209109082895 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(84)83096-4 |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans / Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans | |||||
| (3S,4S)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one | 92154432 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC2COC(=O)C2CC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)OC | 370.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82500-5 https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.1999.66115 |
| 3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one | 495973 | Click to see | 370.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82500-5 https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.1999.66115 |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan glycosides | |||||
| 9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-[3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6,7-dimethoxy-1H-benzo[f][2]benzofuran-3-one | 162821327 | Click to see | 512.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(84)83096-4 |
| Naphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one, 4-(D-apio-beta-D-furanosyloxy)-9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-6,7-dimethoxy- | 13873812 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=C3C(=C2OC4C(C(CO4)(CO)O)O)COC3=O)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6)OC | 512.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(84)83096-4 |
| Tuberculatin | 10391676 | Click to see | 512.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(84)83096-4 |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan lactones | |||||
| 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5a,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5H-[2]benzofuro[5,6-f][1,3]benzodioxol-6-one | 5199318 | Click to see C1C2COC(=O)C2C(C3=CC4=C(C=C31)OCO4)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6 | 352.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82500-5 |
| Polygamain | 156202 | Click to see | 352.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82500-5 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| (+-)-alpha-Pinene | 6654 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712045 |
| (3R,3'S)-3'-[(3R)-2-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhept-5-en-3-yl]spiro[1H-quinoline-3,2'-oxirane]-2,4-dione | 101124733 | Click to see CC(=CCC(C1C2(O1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=O)C(C)(C)O)C | 329.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| 3'-(2-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhept-5-en-3-yl)spiro[1H-quinoline-3,2'-oxirane]-2,4-dione | 73880648 | Click to see CC(=CCC(C1C2(O1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=O)C(C)(C)O)C | 329.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| Limonene, (+/-)- | 22311 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712045 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones | |||||
| [3,4,8,8a-tetramethyl-7-oxo-4-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-2,3,4a,5,6,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate | 162949426 | Click to see | 416.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Furopyridines | |||||
| (8R)-4,8-dimethoxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5,6-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]quinolin-7-one | 163029165 | Click to see | 315.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| 4,8-Dimethoxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5,6-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]quinolin-7-one | 14447740 | Click to see CC(=CCC1(C(=O)CCC2=C1N=C3C(=C2OC)C=CO3)OC)C | 315.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209109082895 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50085A008 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / Xanthines | |||||
| (R)-dyphylline | 688353 | Click to see | 254.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Benzylisoquinolines | |||||
| 6-Methoxy-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-5-ol | 162998075 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)CC2C3=C(CCN2)C(=C(C=C3)OC)O | 299.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.21608/BFSA.1999.66115 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthofurans | |||||
| 8-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-3H-benzo[f][2]benzofuran-1-one | 162997063 | Click to see | 380.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Furanoquinolines | |||||
| (E,3S)-8-(4,8-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-7-yl)oxy-2,6-dimethyloct-6-ene-2,3-diol | 162991894 | Click to see | 415.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| (R)-1-((4,8-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-7-yl)oxy)-3-methylbutane-2,3-diol | 636924 | Click to see | 347.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(79)83044-7 |
| (Z,3S)-8-(4,8-dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-7-yl)oxy-2,6-dimethyloct-6-ene-2,3-diol | 162991896 | Click to see CC(=CCOC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC)CCC(C(C)(C)O)O | 415.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| 8-(4,8-Dimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinolin-7-yl)oxy-2,6-dimethyloct-6-ene-2,3-diol | 162991892 | Click to see CC(=CCOC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC)CCC(C(C)(C)O)O | 415.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| Evoxine | 73416 | Click to see | 347.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(79)83044-7 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-971491 |
| Furo(2,3-b)quinolin-7-ol, 4-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)- | 135743956 | Click to see | 283.32 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50085A008 |
| Gamma-Fagarine | 107936 | Click to see | 229.23 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(79)83044-7 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-971491 |
| Skimmianine | 6760 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC | 259.26 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-971491 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(79)83044-7 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Hydroquinolines | |||||
| (3R)-3-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1H-quinoline-2,4-dione | 163049490 | Click to see | 297.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives | |||||
| 2(1H)-Quinolinone, 3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4-[(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy]- | 4556 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2NC1=O)OCC=C(C)C)C | 297.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82500-5 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Hydroquinolones | |||||
| 1-Methyl-2-nonyl-4(1H)-quinolone | 13967189 | Click to see | 285.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82500-5 |
| Buchapine | 461150 | Click to see CC(=CCC1(C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2NC1=O)C(C)(C)C=C)C | 297.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82500-5 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50085A008 |
| Haplotubinone | 636965 | Click to see | 329.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Pyranoquinolines | |||||
| Flindersine | 68230 | Click to see | 227.26 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)98709-5 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-971491 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00041-3 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50085A008 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 6-Methoxykaempferol 3-glucoside | 5319460 | Click to see | 478.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-971491 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |