Prunus mandshurica

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Common products:
- Fresh fruit sold locally and in regional markets; the drupe is red‑purple, sweet‑sour, and eaten fresh. (Flora of China, 2004)
- Processed fruit products such as jams, jellies, juice, and fermented beverages (wine). (Flora of China, 2004)
- Ornamental trees sold to nurseries for landscaping; valued for early‑spring white‑pink blossoms and autumn foliage. (Li et al., 2018)
- Rootstock seedlings propagated for grafting plum and apricot cultivars in cold‑climate orchards. (Zhang et al., 2014)
- Genomic reference material (leaf tissue, DNA) supplied to research institutions for comparative genomics and breeding studies. (Zhang et al., 2022)

Industrial and craft applications:
- Wood of moderate density (0.55–0.60 g cm⁻³) and fine grain used to make small‑scale wooden items, tool handles, and decorative carvings. (Wang et al., 2010)
- Firewood for local heating; calorific value comparable to other temperate hardwoods. (Wang et al., 2010)

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Fruit consumed fresh and processed into jam, juice, and wine, with no health‑related claims. (Flora of China, 2004)
- Fermented beverages produced from the fruit are sold as local specialty drinks. (Flora of China, 2004)

Wood and fiber:
- Sapwood and heartwood are both suitable for craft work; the wood’s fine texture permits smooth finishing for small objects. (Wang et al., 2010)
- No commercial fiber (e.g., bast fiber) is reported for this species.

Properties relevant to use:
- Fruit has a typical Brix of 12–14 ° and pH 3.5–3.8, contributing to a balanced sweet‑acid profile that aids jam setting. (Flora of China, 2004)
- Wood density 0.55–0.60 g cm⁻³ and low shrinkage, making it stable for small craft items. (Wang et al., 2010)
- Rootstock shows high graft compatibility with plum scions and confers cold tolerance, improving orchard survival in northeastern China. (Zhang et al., 2014)

Standards and regulation:
- Fresh fruit marketed in China must comply with national food‑safety limits for pesticide residues (GB 2763‑2021).
- Propagation and sale of fruit‑tree rootstocks are regulated under horticultural certification standards (GB/T 19245 for fruit‑tree propagation).
- No specific timber grading standards are applied because the wood is used mainly in non‑structural craft applications.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Commercial production is based on cultivated orchards in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces, where integrated pest management and water‑saving irrigation are practiced.
- Wild harvesting of fruit is limited to allow natural regeneration; the bulk of supply comes from orchard‑grown trees.
- The species’ use as a rootstock supports regional plum production, reducing the need for imported rootstock material and contributing to local agricultural sustainability.

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No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

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