Antiaris toxicaria

Details

Ethnobotanical Use

General Uses

Synonyms

Common Names

Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)

Germination/Propagation

Distribution

Links to other databases

Genome

Scientific Literature

Phytochemical Profile

Gallery

Contributors

Collections

Details Top

Internal ID	UUID644009b3e1aad474191922
Scientific name	Antiaris toxicaria
Authority	(J.F.Gmel.) Lesch.
First published in	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 16: 478 (1810)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

Write a new one!

No ethnobotanical data added yet. Help us by writing one.

General Uses Top

Suggest a correction!

Common products:
- Sawn timber used for furniture, interior joinery, flooring, decking, and general construction; in several regions it is employed as a teak (Tectona grandis) substitute.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Itimba: a latex-based poison used for envenomation darts, prepared from the tree’s toxic latex. The product is associated with traditional hunting weapons in parts of Southeast Asia.

Wood and fiber:
- Timber: heartwood is yellow-brown to brown with an irregular texture; air-dry density approximately 560–730 kg/m³ at 12% MC, medium bending and compression strength, and moderate radial/tangential shrinkage. The sapwood is reported susceptible to Lyctus spp.; the species is classed as not durable. It is used for heavy construction, interior joinery, flooring, and decking and serves as a teak substitute where available. Structural performance has been documented for construction applications.

Properties relevant to use:
- Density and mechanical properties support furniture, joinery, flooring, and decking uses; moderate shrinkage requires careful drying and detailing. Natural durability is low, and susceptibility to insect damage is reported.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- The species is widespread across Southeast Asia (e.g., Philippines, Borneo, Malay Peninsula) and is present in parts of tropical Africa; local availability varies. Due to reported population pressures in some ranges and the specialized demand for itimba, sustainable harvesting and regeneration are advisable where exploitation occurs. Import/export may be regulated nationally.

Standards and regulation:
- Timber is typically traded and graded according to national timber standards of the country of origin or association-grade specifications for hardwoods. When used in furniture or construction, products follow applicable building codes and voluntary product standards in the destination markets. For itimba, possession and use are subject to national weapons or hazardous-substance regulations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Lepurandra saccidora	Nimmo	Cat. Pl. Bombay : 193 (1839)
Antiaris dubia	Span. ex Hook.	Compan. Bot. Mag. 1: 310 (1836)
Antiaris innoxia	Blume	Rumphia 3: 172 (1847)
Antiaris rufa	Miq.	Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. : 423 (1861)
Antiaris saccidora	Dalzell	Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 232 (1851)
Antiaris zeylanica	Seem.	Bonplandia 10: 4, in nota. 1862 ; et Fl. Vit. 253
Ipo rufa	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 629 (1891)
Ipo saccidora	(Dalzell) A.Lyons	Pl. Nam. , ed. 2: 246 (1907)
Ipo toxicaria	Pers.	Syn. Pl. 2: 566 (1807)
Cestrum toxicarium	J.F.Gmel.	Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 2(1): 389, 2(2): 1524. 1791

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	upas tree
Spanish	lepurandra saccidora
Spanish	antiaris dubia
Spanish	antiaris innoxia
Spanish	antiaris rufa
Spanish	ipo toxicaria
Spanish	cestrum toxicarium
Spanish	upas
Spanish	toxicaria macassariensis
Spanish	ficus challa
Spanish	antiaris saccidora
Spanish	antiaris zeylanica
Spanish	ipo saccidora
Arabic	أنتيار سام
Arabic	يوباس
Arabic	شجرة اليوباس
Arabic	شجرة الايبوه
Arabic	شجرة الأوباس
Arabic	اوباس
Arabic	أنتيار
Arabic	أوباس
Bambara	kalabana
German	upasbaum
French	upas
Irish	úpas
Indonesian	ipoh
Indonesian	ancar
Indonesian	upas
Indonesian	ipuh
Georgian	ანჩარი
Kazakh	Анчар
Malayalam	upas tree
Malayalam	അരയാഞ്ഞിലി
Marathi	चांदकुडा
Malay	pokok ipoh
Burmese	မြားဆိပ်ပင်
Russian	Анчар
Chinese	剪刀树
Chinese	見血封喉樹
Chinese	见血封喉树
Chinese	箭毒木
Chinese	加布
Chinese	峨参
Chinese	见血封喉

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Name	Authority	First published in
Antiaris toxicaria subsp. humbertii	(Leandri) C.C.Berg	Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 47: 321 (1977)
Antiaris toxicaria subsp. macrophylla	(R.Br.) C.C.Berg	Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 47: 309 (1977)
Antiaris toxicaria subsp. madagascariensis	(H.Perrier) C.C.Berg	Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 47: 318 (1977)
Antiaris toxicaria subsp. welwitschii	(Engl.) C.C.Berg	Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 48: 466 (1978)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Name	Authority	First published in
Antiaris toxicaria var. africana	Scott-Elliot ex A.Chev.	Veg. Ut. Afr. Trop. Franç. 5: 259 1909
Antiaris toxicaria var. usambarensis	(Engl.) C.C.Berg	Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 47: 318 (1977)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Ethiopia
  - Sudan
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Zambia
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Liberia
  - Mali
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
  - Sierra Leone
  - Togo
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Burundi
  - Cameroon
  - Central African Republic
  - Congo
  - Gabon
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Rwanda
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Madagascar

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Yemen
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - India
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Maluku
  - Sulawesi
  - Sumatera
- Papuasia
  - Bismarck Archipelago
  - New Guinea
  - Solomon Islands

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland

Pacific click to expand
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - Santa Cruz Island
  - Tonga
  - Vanuatu
  - Wallis-Futuna Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Trinidad-Tobago

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000538857
UNII	620C4O38H4
Tropicos	21300876
INPN	822663
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:850341-1
The Plant List	kew-2642230
Open Tree Of Life	539291
NCBI Taxonomy	241857
IUCN Red List	61210500
IPNI	850341-1
iNaturalist	133462
GBIF	7262663
Freebase	/m/06tb4p
EPPO	AJSTO
USDA GRIN	3636
Wikipedia	Antiaris_toxicaria

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_035233585.1	ASM3523358v1	Chromosome	Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences	2024-01-08	N/A	650.40 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Woody Species Composition, Structure, and Status of Regeneration in Pugnido Forest, Gambella Region, Western Ethiopia

Masresha G, Melkamu Y, Mulu G

Scientifica (Cairo)

04-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11008979
doi:	10.1155/2024/3961434
PMID:	38605976

Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Golic D, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL

EFSA J

19-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10949325
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8667
PMID:	38505477

The Meaning of Plants' Names: A New Discovering Approach to Its Medicinal and/or Toxic Properties

dos Santos Dantas Lima L, Felipe Domingues Passero L, Indriunas A, de Souza Santos I, Francisco Uchôa Coqueiro L, Alexandre Souza da Cruz K, Batista de Almeida A, Carlos Fernandes Galduróz J, Rodrigues E

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

19-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10896657
doi:	10.1155/2024/6678557
PMID:	38410808

Strophanthidin Induces Apoptosis of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells by Promoting TRAIL-DR5 Signaling

Tian X, Gu L, Zeng F, Liu X, Zhou Y, Dou Y, Han J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Wang F

Molecules

16-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10892344
doi:	10.3390/molecules29040877
PMID:	38398629

Effects of mixed hardwoods dust on respiratory function and blood immunoglobulin levels in wood workers

Ennin IE, Adzaku FK, Dodoo D, Maalman RS

Heliyon

15-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10884841
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26358
PMID:	38404770

A comprehensive review of antimalarial medicinal plants used by Tanzanians

Kacholi DS

Pharm Biol

25-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10812860
doi:	10.1080/13880209.2024.2305453
PMID:	38270178

Critical Review on the Use of Extractives of Naturally Durable Woods as Natural Wood Protectants

Kirker GT, Hassan B, Mankowski ME, Eller FJ

Insects

18-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10816604
doi:	10.3390/insects15010069
PMID:	38249075

Nitric oxide in plants: an insight on redox activity and responses toward abiotic stress signaling

Khator K, Parihar S, Jasik J, Shekhawat GS

Plant Signal Behav

08-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10793691
doi:	10.1080/15592324.2023.2298053
PMID:	38190763

The Role of Plant Latex in Virus Biology

Merchán-Gaitán JB, Mendes JH, Nunes LE, Buss DS, Rodrigues SP, Fernandes PM

Viruses

27-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10819414
doi:	10.3390/v16010047
PMID:	38257746

Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal tree species used in the treatment of diseases by forest-fringe communities of Southwestern Ghana

Asigbaase M, Adusu D, Musah AA, Anaba L, Nsor CA, Abugre S, Derkyi M

Heliyon

14-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10788458
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23645
PMID:	38226220

Above-ground carbon stocks and its functional relationship with tree species diversity: the case of Kakamega and North Nandi Forests, Kenya

Obonyo OA, Agevi H, Tsingalia MH

Sci Rep

27-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10684878
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-47871-6
PMID:	38017012

Promiscuous CYP87A enzyme activity initiates cardenolide biosynthesis in plants

Kunert M, Langley C, Lucier R, Ploss K, Rodríguez López CE, Serna Guerrero DA, Rothe E, O’Connor SE, Sonawane PD

Nat Plants

18-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10581899
doi:	10.1038/s41477-023-01515-9
PMID:	37723202

Advances of Osteosarcoma Models for Drug Discovery and Precision Medicine

Tan L, Wang Y, Hu X, Du G, Tang X, Min L

Biomolecules

07-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10527053
doi:	10.3390/biom13091362
PMID:	37759763

Advance on the biology, behaviour ecology and management of the coffee white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat, 1863 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Kariyanna B, Xiong Z, Pradnyarani N, Kumaraswamy S, Ramkumar G, Subba Reddy BV, Zeng X

Heliyon

29-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10558757
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19506
PMID:	37809674

The mechanistic role of cardiac glycosides in DNA damage response and repair signaling

Ainembabazi D, Zhang Y, Turchi JJ

Cell Mol Life Sci

16-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10432338
doi:	10.1007/s00018-023-04910-9
PMID:	37584722

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenol	69505	Click to see	184.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18962340603
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Cardenolides and derivatives
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3,5,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carboxylate	73352257	Click to see	582.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
3-[(3S,5R,8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3,14-dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	11872742	Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1(CCC2C4=CC(=O)OC4)O)CCC5C3(CCC(C5)O)CO	390.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
3,14,19-Trihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide	286248	Click to see	390.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
3,5,12,14-tetrahydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	4220853	Click to see	420.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
3,5,12,14-Tetrahydroxy-19-oxocard-20(22)-enolide	12953	Click to see CC12C(CCC1(C3CCC4(CC(CCC4(C3CC2O)C=O)O)O)O)C5=CC(=O)OC5	420.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
3,5,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carboxaldehyde	5303	Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1(CCC2C4=CC(=O)OC4)O)CCC5(C3(CCC(C5)O)C=O)O	404.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
3,5,14,19-Tetrahydroxycard-20(22)-enolide	544146	Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1(CCC2C4=CC(=O)OC4)O)CCC5(C3(CCC(C5)O)CO)O	406.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
4-18-00-03417 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)	11875953	Click to see	420.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
4-hydroxy-4-(3,5,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)oxolan-2-one	56674541	Click to see	408.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
Antiarigenin	49799517	Click to see	404.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
Antiarotoxinin A	46872818	Click to see CC12CCC(CC1(CCC3C2CCC4(C3(CCC4C5(CC(=O)OC5)O)O)C)O)O	408.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
Strophanthidin	6185	Click to see	404.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.1005 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
Strophanthidol	258412	Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1(CCC2C4=CC(=O)OC4)O)CCC5(C3(CCC(C5)O)CO)O	406.50	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.1005
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Cardenolides and derivatives / Cardenolide glycosides and derivatives
(3beta,5beta,12beta)-3-((6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy)-5,12,14-trihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide	441843	Click to see	552.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90061-U
(3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	73347667	Click to see	566.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
(3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	73352258	Click to see	566.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
(3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	73347666	Click to see	566.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
(3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	46872700	Click to see	712.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
(3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-5,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	73356793	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)O)O)O	550.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
(3S,5R,10R,13R,14S,17R)-14-hydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	23302	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3CCC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)C=O)O)O)O	534.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90061-U
(3S,5R,8R,9S,10R,12R,13S,14S,17R)-12,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	73352255	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3CC(C5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)O)C=O)O)O)O	550.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
(3S,5R,8R,9S,10R,12R,13S,14S,17R)-12,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	73352256	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3CC(C5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)O)C=O)O)O)O	550.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	10674759	Click to see	580.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(97)10174-0
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	154496158	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CC(C5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)O)C=O)OC)O)O	580.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.1005
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	10698463	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CC(C5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)O)C=O)OC)O)O	580.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	73356795	Click to see	550.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-((2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta(a)phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	56841093	Click to see	566.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90061-U
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carboxylic acid	46872703	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CC(C5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)O)C(=O)O)O)O)O	582.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	73349184	Click to see	566.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.1005
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carboxylic acid	73350760	Click to see	582.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	49799518	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CC(C5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)O)C=O)O)O)O	566.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	49799521	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CC(C5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)O)C=O)O)O)O	566.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90061-U
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17S)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	73356792	Click to see	566.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12R,13S,14S,17S)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	73350761	Click to see	566.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,12S,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	73355248	Click to see	566.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	162954888	Click to see	564.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.1005
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	102082206	Click to see	712.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-5,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	16401455	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)O)O)O	550.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90061-U https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.1005
[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 14-hydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carboxylate	56677863	Click to see	712.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
14-hydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	3802968	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3CCC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)C=O)O)O)O	534.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
14-hydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carboxylic acid	56659783	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3CCC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)C(=O)O)O)O)O	550.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
3-(4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	56657548	Click to see	580.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(97)00895-8 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
3-(4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde	56681501	Click to see	564.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
3-[(3S,5R,8R,9S,10R,12R,13S,14S,17R)-12,14-dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	73349183	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3CC(C5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)O)CO)O)O)O	552.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
3-[(3S,5R,8R,9S,10R,13R,17R)-14-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	160874	Click to see	536.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
3-[(3S,5S,8R,10R,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	19881	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CC(C5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)O)C)O)O)O	552.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90061-U
3-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10R,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	73346136	Click to see	568.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
3-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10R,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	73356794	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CC(C5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)O)CO)O)O)O	568.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
3-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10R,12R,13S,14S,17R)-5,12,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	73347664	Click to see	552.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
3-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	10747265	Click to see	698.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
3-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-5,14-dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	101289682	Click to see	552.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
3-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-5,14-dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	25058059	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)CO)O)O)O	552.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.1005
3-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-5,14-dihydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	49799113	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)CO)O)O)O	552.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
3-[(6-Deoxyhexopyranosyl)oxy]-5,12,14-trihydroxy-19-oxocard-20(22)-enolide	12538	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CC(C5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)O)C=O)O)O)O	566.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19130460190 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18962340603 https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.191304602140 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90061-U
3-[3-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-14-hydroxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-13-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	3302028	Click to see	698.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
3-[3-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	76372345	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O	698.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
3-[5,12,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	199293	Click to see	552.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
3-[5,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	12304975	Click to see	536.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
5,12,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carboxylic acid	56667712	Click to see	582.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
Alpha-Antiarin	441842	Click to see	566.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19130460190 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18962340603 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90061-U
Antialloside	49799519	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CC(C5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)O)C=O)O)O)O	566.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
Antiaroside A	46872576	Click to see	536.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
Antiaroside B	46872577	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3CCC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O	698.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
Antiaroside C	49799048	Click to see	550.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
Antiaroside D	49799049	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3CCC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O	698.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
Antiaroside E	49799050	Click to see	550.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
Antiaroside F	49799051	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3CCC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)C(=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	712.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
Antiaroside G	49799052	Click to see	582.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
Antiaroside H	49799053	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CC(C5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)O)C(=O)O)O)O)O	582.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
Antiogoside	21550487	Click to see	552.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
Beta-Antiarin	6325617	Click to see	566.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.191304602140 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
Bogoroside	3438253	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O	712.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
Cannogenol-3-O-Alpha-L-Rhamnoside	21123891	Click to see	536.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.1005
Cheirotoxin	11735184	Click to see	712.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
CID 12304978	12304978	Click to see	536.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
CID 46872578	46872578	Click to see	550.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
CID 46872701	46872701	Click to see	550.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
CID 46872702	46872702	Click to see	712.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
CID 46872816	46872816	Click to see	582.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
Convallatoxin	441852	Click to see	550.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90061-U
Convalloside	114652	Click to see	712.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
Deglucocheirotoxol	73353724	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)CO)O)O)O	552.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
Desglucocheirotoxin	2862	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)O)O)O	550.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
Desglucocheirotoxol	12309172	Click to see	552.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
Glucostrophalloside	49799515	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O	712.80	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
Malayoside	49799516	Click to see	534.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90061-U
Malayoside	12312709	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2)CCC4C3CCC5(C4(CCC5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)C=O)O)O)O	534.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
Periplorhamnoside	49799055	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C)O)O)O	536.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
Strophalloside	23618277	Click to see	550.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.56.1005
Strophathojavoside	49799513	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)C=O)OC)O)O	564.70	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
Toxicarioside A	21673489	Click to see	580.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(97)10174-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(97)00895-8
Toxicarioside B	49799520	Click to see	580.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(97)10174-0 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/ https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
3-[(3S,5S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17R)-5,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	46872817	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)O)O)O	522.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
3-[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3,5,14-trihydroxy-13-methyl-10-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	73347665	Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1(CCC2C4=CC(=O)OC4)O)CCC5(C3(CCC(C5)O)COC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O	568.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP4005147
3-[5,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one	56664190	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=CC(=O)OC6)C)O)O)O	522.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/
Antiaroside I	49799054	Click to see	522.60	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2S,4aS,5S,8aR)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,4a,6-tetramethyl-2,3,4,5,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162869209	Click to see	400.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2011.573479
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
Antiarone J	42607617	Click to see	456.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50076A020
Antiarone K	42607618	Click to see CC(C)(C1CC2=C(C1CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O)O)O)C=CC(=C2OC)OC)O	402.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50076A020
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Aurone flavonoids
(2Z)-2-[[3,4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]methylidene]-4,6-dihydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1-benzofuran-3-one	14655806	Click to see	422.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-S103
(2Z)-2-[[3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]methylidene]-4,6-dihydroxy-1-benzofuran-3-one	14655805	Click to see CC(=CCC1=CC(=C(C(=C1O)O)CC=C(C)C)C=C2C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)C	422.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-S103
Antiarone A	42607769	Click to see	422.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-S103
Antiarone B	42607770	Click to see	422.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-S103
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens
Marmesin	334704	Click to see CC(C)(C1CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2)C=CC(=O)O3)O	246.26	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins
6-(2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-8-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-2-one	76336225	Click to see	294.30	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Pyranocoumarins / Angular pyranocoumarins
(9S,10R)-9-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9,10-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromen-2-one	76318070	Click to see	424.40	unknown	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334368/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / 2-prenylated flavans / 2-prenylated flavanones
(+/-)-Sigmoidin A	4303225	Click to see	424.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
(2R)-2-[3,4-dimethoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	163047575	Click to see	384.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
(2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	163028199	Click to see	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
(2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,5-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	163191178	Click to see	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
(2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	163007583	Click to see	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-	480767	Click to see	384.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl)-6-((E)-3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-1-benzopyran-4-one	480773	Click to see	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-phenyl)-8-((E)-3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-1-benzopyran-4-one	480772	Click to see	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
Antiarone I	480771	Click to see CC(=CCC1=CC(=C(C(=C1OC)O)CC=C(C)C)C2CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)C	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
Sigmoidin A	73204	Click to see CC(=CCC1=CC(=C(C(=C1O)O)CC=C(C)C)C2CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)C	424.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones
3-[3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,5-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one	72739175	Click to see	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
Antiarone E	14777669	Click to see CC(=CCC1=CC(=C(C(=C1OC)O)CC=C(C)C)C=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2O)O)O)C	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 3-prenylated chalcones
3-[3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-1-[2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one	72739176	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2O)CC=C(C)C)O)O)C	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
3-[4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-1-[2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one	74819251	Click to see	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
Antiarone C	14777670	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2O)CC=C(C)C)O)O)C	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409
Antiarone D	42607616	Click to see	438.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-90-5409

Gallery Top

We don't have an image yet. Upload an image!

Contributors Top

No known contributors. Be the first!

Collections Top

In private collections	0
In public collections	0

You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.

Antiaris toxicaria

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top