Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Nlaka’pamux of British Columbia, the root bark was boiled in water to make a decoction for gastrointestinal upset (Turner & Hebda, 1992). The Coast Salish of Washington applied a poultice of crushed bark to wounds (Moerman, 1998). Early European‑American settlers in the Pacific Northwest prepared a bitter tea from the dried bark as a tonic (Heller, 1998). The Tlingit of Alaska steeped the root bark as an infusion to relieve diarrhea (Moerman, 1998), and the same bark was macerated in alcohol to create a tincture for topical skin complaints (Moerman, 1998). These uses are recorded in ethnobotanical surveys that document infusions, decoctions, poultices and macerations of the root bark and, occasionally, the leaf.

To prepare a mild tea, measure 1 teaspoon (≈2 g) of dried root bark and add to 250 mL (1 cup) of just‑boiled water. Cover and steep 10–15 minutes, then strain. The resulting beverage can be taken once or twice daily. Safety: the tea contains berberine and should be avoided in pregnancy; do not exceed three cups per day and consult a health professional if you are on blood‑pressure or anticoagulant medication.

The active constituents of Berberis aquifolium are well‑established isoquinoline alkaloids—berberine, berbamine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine—along with minor flavonoids. These compounds give the plant its characteristic bitterness and have been linked in ethnobotanical accounts to antimicrobial, anti‑inflammatory and mild cholagogue actions.

Modern research continues to investigate berberine’s metabolic and antimicrobial properties, and Oregon‑grape extracts are available as tinctures, capsules and dried herb for topical use. Many herbalists still brew the traditional tea for digestive support, reflecting a living bridge between historic practice and contemporary herbal science.

General Uses Top

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Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Ripe berries of Berberis aquifolium are edible; they are very tart and acidic and are used for making jams and jellies and as a souring or flavoring agent in culinary preparations (USDA, Wild Flowers of North America; Turner and Szczawinski, Edible Wild Fruits and Nuts of Canada; Pojar and MacKinnon, Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast). The fruit is generally not consumed raw due to acidity.

Colorants and tanning:
The roots and stems contain berberine and related isoquinoline alkaloids; they yield yellow and brown dyes on protein fibers and mordanted wool (USDA Dye Plants Database; Genders, A Book of Dyeing; Wilkinson, Wild Flowers as Dye Plants).

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Mahonia brevipes	Rehder	Stand. Cycl. Hort. 4: 1971 (1916)
Mahonia diversifolia	Sweet	Brit. Fl. Gard. 4: t. 94 (1831)
Mahonia latifolia	hort. ex Dippel	Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 109 (1893)
Mahonia aquifolium	(Pursh) Nutt.	Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 212 (1818)
Mahonia moseriana	Moser ex H.Martinet	Jardin 1895: 128 (1895)
Mahonia wagneri	(Jouin) Rehder	J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 142 (1919)
Mahonia murrayana	hort. ex Dippel	Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 109 (1893)
Mahonia undulata	Ahrendt	J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 338 (1961)
Mahonia moseri	Ahrendt	J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 337 (1961)
Mahonia pinnata var. hortensis	Fedde	Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 31: 88 (1901)
Odostemon brevipes	A.Heller	Cat. N. Amer. Pl. , ed. 3: 128 (1912)
Berberis aquifolium var. juglandifolia	Rehder	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 184 (1912 publ. 1913)
Berberis aquifolium var. lyallii	(Ahrendt) Marroq. & Laferr.	J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 30: 53 (1997)
Berberis brevipes	Greene	Ottawa Naturalist 15: 42 (1901)
Berberis fasciculata	Schult.f.	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(1): 17. 1829
Berberis pinnata	Banks ex DC.	Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 20. 1821 [late May 1821]
Berberis pinnata var. hortensis	(Fedde) Marroq. & Laferr.	J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 30: 54 (1997)
Mahonia aquifolium var. nutkana	DC.	Syst. Nat. 2: 20 (1821)
Odostemon nutkanus	Rydb.	Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 141 (1906)
Odostemon aquifolium	(Pursh) Rydb.	Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 141 (1906)
Mahonia aquifolium var. juglandifolia	Jouin	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 19: 88 (1910 publ. 1911)
Mahonia pinnata var. wagneri	Jouin	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 19: 90 (1910 publ. 1911)
Berberis pinnata var. wagneri	Rehder	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 184 (1912 publ. 1913)
Mahonia aquifolium var. lyallii	Ahrendt	J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 336 (1961)
Berberis aquifolium var. nutkana	(DC.) Marroq. & Laferr.	J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 30: 53 (1997)
Mahonia aquifolium f. albovariegata	Schwer.	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 17: 216 (1908)
Mahonia aquifolium f. amabilis	Schwer.	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 17: 216 (1908)
Mahonia aquifolium f. aucubifolia	Schwer.	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 17: 216 (1908)
Mahonia aquifolium f. aureovariegata	Schwer.	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 17: 216 (1908)
Mahonia aquifolium f. lutescens	Schwer.	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 17: 216 (1908)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	piper's oregon-grape
English	holly-leaf oregon-grape
English	holly-leaved barberry
English	hollyleaved barberry
English	oregon grapeholly
English	oregon holly
English	oregon holly grape
English	oregongrape
English	shining oregon-grape
English	tall oregon-grape
Arabic	عنب الجبل
Danish	høj oregon-drue
Japanese	ヒイラギメギ
Dutch	mahonie
Russian	Барбарис падуболистный

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Alternate between 4°C and 20°C for 3 months each, over several cycles, with an extended germination period.

Pulpy Coat Inhibits Germination: Seeds with a pulpy or fleshy outer coat need to have this material removed by soaking and rinsing in clean water daily for about a week. The inhibitory substances in the pulp are thus washed away, and germination rates improve.

Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate.

wash off pulpy coat completely in daily detergent washes

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Middle Asia
  - Uzbekistan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - West Himalaya

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - South Australia
  - Tasmania

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Central European Russia
  - Krym
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Bulgaria
  - Romania
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Ontario
  - Québec
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Michigan
  - Vermont
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Idaho
  - Montana
  - Oregon
  - Washington
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California
  - Nevada
- Western Canada
  - British Columbia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000562782
Canadensys	3663
Tropicos	3500167
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:31334-2
The Plant List	kew-2673426
Missouri Botanical Garden	277780
Open Tree Of Life	793093
Observations.org	7028
NCBI Taxonomy	203270
Nature Serve	2.136078
IPNI	31334-2
iNaturalist	126887
GBIF	3033868
Calflora (Californian flora)	1067
USDA GRIN	6814
Wikipedia	Mahonia_aquifolium
Plantarium	105224

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_965233575.2	dmBerAqui1.hap1.2	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2026-04-27	49	0.95 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

UV-Triggered Drug Release from Mesoporous Titanium Nanoparticles Loaded with Berberine Hydrochloride: Enhanced Antibacterial Activity

Zuo F, Wang B, Wang L, He J, Qiu X

Molecules

03-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11013668
doi:	10.3390/molecules29071607
PMID:	38611885

Commodity risk assessment of Cornus alba and Cornus sanguinea plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Manda RR, Schulz OM, Kariampa P, Akrivou A, Antonatos S, Beris D, Debode J, Kritikos C, Kormpi M, Manceau C, Papachristos D, Reppa C, Gardi C, Potting R

EFSA J

12-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10928767
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8657
PMID:	38476319

In Vitro and In Silico of Cholinesterases Inhibition and In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Melanoma Activity Investigations of Extracts Obtained from Selected Berberis Species

Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A, Kaproń B, Plech T, Makuch-Kocka A, Janiszewska D, Sugajski M, Buszewski B, Szultka-Młyńska M

Molecules

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10933966
doi:	10.3390/molecules29051048
PMID:	38474561

Clinically Effective Molecules of Natural Origin for Obesity Prevention or Treatment

Hidalgo-Lozada GM, Villarruel-López A, Nuño K, García-García A, Sánchez-Nuño YA, Ramos-García CO

Int J Mol Sci

25-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10931663
doi:	10.3390/ijms25052671
PMID:	38473918

Self-assembled, disordered structural color from fruit wax bloom

Middleton R, Tunstad SA, Knapp A, Winters S, McCallum S, Whitney H

Sci Adv

07-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10849586
doi:	10.1126/sciadv.adk4219
PMID:	38324684

Fungal Endophytes: Discovering What Lies within Some of Canada’s Oldest and Most Resilient Grapevines

Ali S, Wright AH, Tanney JB, Renaud JB, Sumarah MW

J Fungi (Basel)

26-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10890244
doi:	10.3390/jof10020105
PMID:	38392777

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Mini-Review of Lipid Profile, Blood Glucose, and Ovarian Histological Improvements

Wahid S, Ramli MD, Fazleen NE, Naim RM, Mokhtar MH

Life (Basel)

19-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10817691
doi:	10.3390/life14010150
PMID:	38276279

Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

12-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10784871
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8495
PMID:	38222930

Essential Oil of Matricaria chamomilla Alleviate Psoriatic-Like Skin Inflammation by Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR and p38MAPK Signaling Pathway

Chen G, Lv C, Nie Q, Li X, Lv Y, Liao G, Liu S, Ge W, Chen J, Du Y

Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol

08-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10785696
doi:	10.2147/CCID.S445008
PMID:	38222858

Temporal variation of allergenic potential in urban parks during the vegetation period: a case study from Bratislava, Slovakia

Zahradníková E, Rendeková A, Ščevková J

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

05-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10791852
doi:	10.1007/s11356-023-31137-9
PMID:	38052730

Cytotoxic activity of isoquinoline alkaloids and herbal extracts from selected plants against human cancer cell lines: harnessing the research potential in cancer drug discovery with modern scientific trends and technology

Bhandare SD, Malode SS

Toxicol Res (Camb)

23-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10734601
doi:	10.1093/toxres/tfad107
PMID:	38145094

Discovery of Anti-Coronavirus Cinnamoyl Triterpenoids Isolated from Hippophae rhamnoides during a Screening of Halophytes from the North Sea and Channel Coasts in Northern France

Al Ibrahim M, Akissi ZL, Desmarets L, Lefèvre G, Samaillie J, Raczkiewicz I, Sahpaz S, Dubuisson J, Belouzard S, Rivière C, Séron K

Int J Mol Sci

22-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10705938
doi:	10.3390/ijms242316617
PMID:	38068938

Structure—yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activity relationship of 9-O-berberrubine carboxylates

Nguyen DV, Hengphasatporn K, Danova A, Suroengrit A, Boonyasuppayakorn S, Fujiki R, Shigeta Y, Rungrotmongkol T, Chavasiri W

Sci Rep

01-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10620162
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-45116-0
PMID:	37914757

Thinking About Berberine

Pizzorno J

Integr Med (Encinitas)

01-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10734964
PMID:	38144162

Pest categorisation of Pochazia shantungensis

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A

EFSA J

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10617311
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8320
PMID:	37915980

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines
(+)-Magnoflorine	73337	Click to see	342.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958107 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80024-3
(6aR)-2,10-dimethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-1,11-diol	12304091	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)O)OC	327.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958107
Corytuberine	160500	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)O)OC	327.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958107
Corytuberine, pentahydrate	347379	Click to see	327.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958107
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Phthalide isoquinolines
6,7-Dimethoxy-3-(6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one	1309	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC3=C(C=C2C1C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5)OC)OC)C(=O)O4)OCO3	383.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.2307/4117899
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Protoberberine alkaloids and derivatives
Berberine	2353	Click to see	336.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85312-F https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80024-3 https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2399 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958005 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02873586 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2002-23126 https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1256 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958107
Columbamine	72310	Click to see	338.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958107 https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2399 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80024-3
Corypalmine	11186895	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(CC3C4=CC(=C(C=C4CCN3C2)O)OC)C=C1)OC	341.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00565376
Palmatine	19009	Click to see	352.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85312-F https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80024-3 https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1256
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Tyrosols and derivatives
5-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenol	10034991	Click to see	168.19	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(97)80047-5
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
1-Isotetrandrine	5351212	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)OC)OC	622.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85312-F
20,21,25-Trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo(22.6.2.23,6.18,12.114,18.027,31.022,33)hexatriaconta-3(36),4,6(35),8,10,12(34),18,20,22(33),24,26,31-dodecaen-9-ol	10170	Click to see	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2399
21,25-Dimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.23,6.18,12.114,18.027,31.022,33]hexatriaconta-3(36),4,6(35),8,10,12(34),18,20,22(33),24,26,31-dodecaene-9,20-diol	11758201	Click to see	594.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1135/CCCC19870242
21,25-Dimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-8,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.29,12.13,7.114,18.027,31.022,33]hexatriaconta-3(36),4,6,9(35),10,12(34),18,20,22(33),24,26,31-dodecaene-6,20-diol	10031406	Click to see	594.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1135/CCCC19870242
6,6'-Dimethoxy-2,2'-dimethyloxyacanthan-7,12'-diol	122728	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O3)O)O)OC	594.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2002-23126
Aquifoline	89688344	Click to see	594.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1135/CCCC19870242
Aromoline	362574	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O3)O)O)OC	594.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2002-23126
Baluchistine	102247461	Click to see	594.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1135/CCCC19870242
Berbamine	275182	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)O)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)90165-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958005 https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2399 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2002-23126
CID 12300053	12300053	Click to see	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958005 https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)90165-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2002-23126 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85312-F
Isotetrandrine, (+)-	457825	Click to see	622.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2399
Oxyacanthine	442333	Click to see	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80024-3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18952330208 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85312-F https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)90165-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958005
Oxycanthine	371257	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O3)O)OC)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18952330208
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
Syringaresinol, (+)-	443023	Click to see	418.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(97)80047-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Heptacosanol	74822	Click to see	396.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.EP11611670
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols
Nonacosan-11-ol	85689403	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(CCCCCCCCCC)O	424.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.EP11611670
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
GlyTouCan:G94390VI	871	Click to see	504.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(01)00336-7
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Isoquinolones and derivatives
2,9,10-Trimethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-3-one	10065647	Click to see	337.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.1256 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2002-23126 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85312-F https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80024-3 https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2399 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958107
Oxyberberine	11066	Click to see	351.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958107 https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2399

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Berberis aquifolium

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top