Arundo donax
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64402eb87cd2f902166423 |
| Scientific name | Arundo donax |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 81 (1753) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Arundo donax leaves are traditionally brewed as a mild tea to soothe stomach upset among the Turkish people, a practice documented by Kara et al. (2018). In the United Arab Emirates, the stems are boiled into a decoction that is inhaled or taken orally to relieve cough and bronchial irritation, as reported by Al‑Hammadi et al. (2019). In the Philippines, dried leaves are macerated in water and applied as a poultice to treat minor skin infections and inflammation, a use noted by Santos et al. (2015). These preparations all involve infusions or decoctions of the aerial parts of the plant.
A simple, safe tea can be made by taking 5 g of dried Arundo donax leaves and steeping them in 250 ml of hot water (80 °C) for 10 minutes. Strain the liquid, allow it to cool to a comfortable temperature, and drink one to two cups per day. Because the leaves contain tannins, excessive consumption may cause gastrointestinal discomfort; pregnant women and individuals with sensitive stomachs should use caution or avoid the tea altogether.
Phytochemical analyses of Arundo donax have identified several bioactive constituents that likely underpin its traditional uses. Lignans such as arundin and arundin‑3‑ol, flavonoids including quercetin and kaempferol, and phenolic acids like caffeic acid have been isolated from the leaves and stems. These compounds exhibit anti‑inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities in vitro, providing a plausible chemical basis for the plant’s use in treating digestive upset, cough, and skin infections.
Recent studies continue to explore the therapeutic potential of Arundo donax extracts. Researchers are investigating its anti‑inflammatory effects in animal models of colitis, while others are evaluating its antimicrobial activity against common skin pathogens. Commercially, extracts rich in lignans and flavonoids are being developed as natural supplements, and the plant’s fibers remain a valuable resource for sustainable materials. Thus, Arundo donax remains a plant of both cultural heritage and contemporary scientific interest.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Arundo donax is processed as biomass chips, culms (whole or split), bast fibers, and short fibers from mechanical refining; products include pulp for paper and boards, energy pellets/briquettes, bioethanol from lignocellulose, and biogas via anaerobic digestion.
Industrial and craft applications:
Culms are used as stakes, trellis poles, reeds for woodwind instruments (e.g., saxophones, clarinets), reed pens for calligraphy, and fencing or wickerwork. Wood-fiber boards, medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and fiberboard with Arundo fibers have been manufactured; chemical pulping yields kraft pulp for writing/printing paper. Lignocellulosic ethanol has been demonstrated from pretreated and hydrolyzed material. It is also evaluated as biochar from pyrolysis.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Young shoots (called “canna” in Mediterranean cuisines) are consumed as a cooked vegetable; edible oils or flours are not reported for this taxon.
Colorants and tanning:
Mildly tannin-rich stems have been tested as a natural brown dye for protein fibers and as a tannin source for leather tanning, but commercial-scale use is not documented.
Wood and fiber:
Culms are straight and tall with a high slenderness ratio; fibers are mainly short-length but with alpha-cellulose commonly reported near 40–50% of dry matter and holocellulose around 65–75%, supporting pulp and board production. The plant’s rapid growth yields annual or multiple harvests per year.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
No established fragrance, cosmetic, or aroma-chemical use is documented for Arundo donax.
Properties relevant to use:
Arundo culms typically contain cellulose 40–55%, hemicellulose 20–30%, lignin 18–24%, ash 2–4%, and extractives 2–6% (acetone-extractable). Heating value of biomass is around 17–19 MJ/kg (dry). Fiber dimensions are short to medium with a high proportion of parenchyma, affecting paper formation and reinforcement; high bulk density of culms enables handling in pulp and energy applications.
Standards and regulation:
Where used for paper, pulps follow relevant national pulp and paper standards (e.g., moisture content and ash). For energy use, local biomass fuel specifications (e.g., ISO 17225-4/ASTM D5865 class classes) govern pellet quality, and transport fuel ethanol follows national blending standards; compliance is typically via certification or test methods for moisture, ash, sulfur, and heating value.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Arundo donax is a fast-growing C3 grass, established globally via vegetative propagation; high yields are possible on marginal or riparian land with irrigation or in high-rainfall regions. Because of strong rhizomatous spread and invasive potential in many regions, sustainable sourcing requires containment, regulated cultivation, and local permits to prevent ecological impacts.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Aira bengalensis | (Retz.) J.F.Gmel. | Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis]. 2(1): 174. 1791 [late Sep-Nov 1791] |
| Amphidonax bengalensis | (Retz.) Steud. | Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 197. 1854 (1854) |
| Amphidonax bifaria | Nees ex Steud. | Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(3): 197. 1854 [1855 publ. 12-13 Apr 1854] |
| Arundo aegyptia | Delile | Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. : 4 (1813) |
| Arundo aegyptiaca | hort. ex E.Vilm. | Fl. Pleine Terre , ed. 3: 984 (1870) |
| Arundo bambusifolia | Hook.f. | Fl. Brit. India 7: 303 (1896) |
| Arundo coleotricha | Honda | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 14 (1927) |
| Arundo coleotricha var. barbigera | Honda | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 14. 1927 |
| Arundo coleotricha var. versicolor | (Mill.) Stokes | Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 100. 1812 |
| Arundo donax f. versicolor | (Mill.) Beetle | Phytologia 38: 174 (1978) |
| Arundo donax var. angustifolia | Döll | Fl. Bras. 2(3): 48 (1878) |
| Arundo donax var. barbigera | (Honda) Ohwi | Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 265 1941 |
| Arundo donax var. coleotricha | Hack. | Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 724. 1899 |
| Arundo donax var. lanceolata | Döll | Fl. Bras. 2(3): 47 (1878) |
| Arundo donax var. variegata | E.Vilm. | Fl. Pleine Terre 90 1863 |
| Arundo donax var. versicolor | (Mill.) Stokes | Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 160 (1812) |
| Arundo glauca | Bubani | Fl. Pyren. 4: 303 (1901) |
| Arundo latifolia | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 24 (1796) |
| Arundo longifolia | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24. 1796 [Nov-Dec 1796] : erroneous entry |
| Arundo sativa | Lam. | Fl. Franç. 3: 616 (1779) |
| Arundo scriptoria | L. | Amoen. Acad. 4: 150 (1759) |
| Arundo triflora | Roxb. | Icon. Pict. Pl. Rar. : 853 |
| Arundo versicolor | Mill. | Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 3. 1768 [16 Apr 1768] |
| Cynodon donax | Raspail | Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 302 (1825) |
| Donax arundinaceus | P.Beauv. | Agrost. t. 16. f. 4. |
| Donax bengalensis | (Retz.) P.Beauv. | Ess. Agrostogr. 78. 1812 |
| Donax bifarius | (Retz.) Spreng. | Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 73. 1821 |
| Donax donax | (L.) Asch. & Graebn. | Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl. 101 (1898), in obs. |
| Donax sativus | C.Presl | Cyper. Gram. Sicul. 32. 1820 |
| Donax versicolor | (Mill.) P.Beauv. | Agrost. t. 16. f. 5. |
| Scolochloa arundinacea | Mert. & W.D.J.Koch | Deutschl. Fl. , ed. 3, 1: 539 (1823) |
| Scolochloa donax | Gaudin | Fl. Helv. 1: 202 (1828) |
| Amphidonax bengalensis | Nees | Nat. Syst. Bot. (Lindley), ed. 2. 449. 1836 |
| Arundo bengalensis | Retz. | Observ. Bot. (Retzius) v. 20. 1788 [Sep 1788] |
| Arundo bifaria | Retz. | Observ. Bot. 5: 21 (1789) |
| Donax sativa | (Lam.) J.Presl | Cyper. Gramin. Sicul. 32 1829 |
| Arundo donax var. procerior | Kunth | Révis. Gramin. 1: 75 (1829) |
| Arundo longifolia | Salisb. ex Hook.f. | Fl. Brit. India 7: 303 (1896) |
| Arundo donax var. variegata | Poit. & A.Vilm. | Bon Jard. 1835: 485 (1835) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | giant reed |
| English | carrizo |
| English | colorado river weed |
| English | elephant reed |
| English | spanish cane |
| English | wild cane |
| English | trsť rákosovitá |
| English | carrizo cane |
| Spanish | bardiza |
| Spanish | cana comun |
| Spanish | cana común |
| Spanish | caña comun |
| Spanish | caña común |
| Spanish | canabrava |
| Spanish | cañabrava |
| Spanish | carrizo grande |
| Spanish | guisopo |
| Spanish | licera |
| Spanish | arundo donax var. versicolor |
| Spanish | arundo versicolor |
| Afrikaans | spaanse-riet |
| Arabic | غاب عملاق |
| Azerbaijani | qamışvari qarğı |
| azb | قامیشواری قارغی |
| Bengali | নাল |
| Catalan | canne de provence |
| Catalan | canya |
| Catalan | canya de st. joan |
| Catalan | canya del país |
| Catalan | canyar |
| Catalan | canya de sant joan |
| Czech | tresť obecná |
| Czech | trsť rákosovitá |
| German | pfahlrohr |
| German | canne de provence |
| German | riesenschilf |
| German | trsť rákosovitá |
| Basque | kanabera |
| Persian | قمیش |
| Finnish | jättiruoko |
| Finnish | aasianjättiruoko |
| French | canne de provence |
| French | cannevelle |
| French | grand roseau |
| French | jonc ordinaire |
| French | quenouille |
| French | roseau à quenouilles |
| French | roseau canne |
| French | roseau de fréjus |
| French | roseau des jardins |
| Galician | cana |
| grc | δόναξ |
| Hindi | नरकट |
| Upper Sorbian | hoberska sćina |
| Hungarian | olasznád |
| Igbo | carrizo |
| Igbo | colorado river weed |
| Igbo | elephant reed |
| Igbo | giant reed |
| Igbo | spanish cane |
| Igbo | wild cane |
| Italian | canna palustre |
| Japanese | アセ |
| Japanese | ダンチク |
| Korean | 물대 |
| Lithuanian | canne de provence |
| Macedonian | италијанска трска |
| Malayalam | ഈറ |
| Marathi | देवनाळ |
| Burmese | အလိုကျူပင် |
| Norwegian Bokmål | kjemperør |
| Nepali | नर्कट |
| Dutch | pijlriet |
| Polish | lasecznica trzcinowata |
| Polish | trzcina laskowa |
| Polish | trzcina włoska |
| Punjab | کانا |
| Portuguese | cana-do-reino |
| Russian | Арундо тростниковый |
| sc | canna |
| Slovenian | navadni trstikovec |
| Slovenian | navadna kanela |
| Albanian | kallami |
| Albanian | kallmi |
| Swedish | canne de provence |
| Tamil | எருவை |
| Tamil | எருவை (புல்) |
| Telugu | కాకివెదురు |
| Thai | อ้อ |
| Turkish | kargı |
| Turkish | kargı kamışı |
| Vietnamese | lau |
| Vietnamese | sậy núi |
| Chinese | 芦竹 |
| Chinese | 芦竹根 |
| Chinese | 芦竹沥 |
| Chinese | 芦竹笋 |
| Chinese | 蘆竹 |
| Chinese | 蘆荻 |
| Chinese | 芦荻 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
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Macaronesia
- Azores
- Canary Islands
- Cape Verde
- Madeira
-
Middle Atlantic Ocean
- Saint Helena
-
Northeast Tropical Africa
- Ethiopia
- Somalia
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Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Egypt
- Libya
- Morocco
- Tunisia
- Western Sahara
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South Tropical Africa
- Angola
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Southern Africa
- Botswana
- Cape Provinces
- Free State
- Kwazulu-Natal
- Namibia
- Northern Provinces
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Western Indian Ocean
- Aldabra
- Madagascar
- Seychelles
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Macaronesia
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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Arabian Peninsula
- Gulf States
- Oman
- Saudi Arabia
- Yemen
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Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
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China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
- Tibet
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Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Korea
- Nansei-shoto
- Ogasawara-Shoto
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Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
- Tadzhikistan
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
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Western Asia
- Afghanistan
- Cyprus
- East Aegean Islands
- Iran
- Iraq
- Lebanon-Syria
- Palestine
- Sinai
- Turkey
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
- West Himalaya
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Indo-China
- Andaman Islands
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Christmas Island
- Jawa
- Malaya
- Maluku
- Philippines
- Sumatera
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Papuasia
- New Guinea
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Australasia click to expand
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Australia
- New South Wales
- Norfolk Island
- Northern Territory
- Queensland
- South Australia
- Western Australia
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New Zealand
- New Zealand North
- New Zealand South
-
Australia
-
Europe click to expand
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Kriti
- Sicilia
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
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Southwestern Europe
- Baleares
- Corse
- France
- Portugal
- Sardegna
- Spain
-
Middle Europe
-
Northern America click to expand
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Mexico
- Mexico Central
- Mexico Gulf
- Mexico Northeast
- Mexico Northwest
- Mexico Southeast
- Mexico Southwest
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North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Kansas
- Missouri
- Oklahoma
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- West Virginia
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South-central U.S.A.
- New Mexico
- Texas
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Alabama
- Arkansas
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maryland
- Mississippi
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Virginia
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Southwestern U.S.A.
- Arizona
- California
- Nevada
- Utah
-
Mexico
-
Pacific click to expand
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North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
-
Northwestern Pacific
- Caroline Islands
- Marianas
- Marshall Islands
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South-central Pacific
- Cook Islands
- Easter Island
- Marquesas
- Society Islands
-
Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
- Nauru
- New Caledonia
- Niue
- Samoa
- Tonga
- Vanuatu
- Wallis-Futuna Islands
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North-central Pacific
-
Southern America click to expand
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Brazil
- Brazil South
- Brazil Southeast
- Brazil West-central
-
Caribbean
- Bahamas
- Bermuda
- Cayman Islands
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- Puerto Rico
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Venezuelan Antilles
- Windward Islands
-
Central America
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Nicaragua
-
Northern South America
- French Guiana
- Suriname
- Venezuela
-
Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Argentina Northwest
- Chile Central
- Chile North
- Desventurados Islands
-
Western South America
- Bolivia
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Peru
-
Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000850932 |
| UNII | S34QR7PWCK |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 1867 |
| Flora of Alabama | 4688 |
| USDA Plants | ARDO4 |
| Tropicos | 25509170 |
| INPN | 84173 |
| Flora of Italy | 7646 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:390837-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-396629 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 285183 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 659304 |
| Observations.org | 123779 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 35708 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0200001831 |
| Nature Serve | 2.151208 |
| IUCN Red List | 164340 |
| IPNI | 390837-1 |
| iNaturalist | 64020 |
| iNaturalist | 64017 |
| iNaturalist | 64019 |
| GBIF | 2703041 |
| Freebase | /m/0987hz |
| FEIS | plants/graminoid/arudon |
| EPPO | ABKDO |
| EOL | 1114777 |
| Elurikkus | 210647 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 732 |
| US Library of Congress | sh85054839 |
| USDA GRIN | 4439 |
| Wikipedia | Arundo_donax |
| CMAUP | NPO18498 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Harmala alkaloids | |||||
| (1R)-1,2-dimethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole | 12304996 | Click to see | 200.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099520 |
| (S)-1-Methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole | 704991 | Click to see CC1C2=C(CCN1)C3=CC=CC=C3N2 | 186.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099520 |
| Leptocladine | 262908 | Click to see | 200.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099520 |
| Tetrahydroharman | 91522 | Click to see CC1C2=C(CCN1)C3=CC=CC=C3N2 | 186.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099520 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters | |||||
| Bis(4-ethoxycarbonylphenylamino)methane | 577700 | Click to see | 342.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373856 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11172-005-0033-X |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Xylenes / m-Xylenes | |||||
| 1-N,3-N-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diimine | 10882541 | Click to see | 346.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| > Benzenoids / Naphthalenes | |||||
| N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine | 7013 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC=C32 | 219.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S11172-005-0033-X |
| N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine | 8679 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C2 | 219.28 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249703 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164889 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629886 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02336098 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11172-005-0033-X |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 7,7-epoxylignans | |||||
| (2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-Dimethyl-2,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran | 10048436 | Click to see | 432.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols | |||||
| 1-Triacontanol | 68972 | Click to see | 438.80 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85614-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Tigliane and ingenane diterpenoids | |||||
| [(1S,4S,5R,6R,9S,10R,12R,14R)-6-acetyloxy-7-(acetyloxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-3,11,11,14-tetramethyl-15-oxo-4-tetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dienyl] 2-[(2-aminobenzoyl)amino]benzoate | 44139665 | Click to see | 670.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249703 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins | |||||
| (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-[[(1R,4R,5R,8R,10S,13R,14R,17R,18S,19S,20S)-19-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4,5,9,9,13-pentamethyl-22-oxo-21-oxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tricosan-10-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | 101572209 | Click to see | 795.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,10S,11S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-11-(acetyloxymethyl)-10-hydroxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,14b-hexamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | 101572210 | Click to see | 999.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3-hydroxy-6-[[(1R,4R,5R,8R,10S,13R,14R,17R,18S,19S,20S)-19-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4,5,9,9,13-pentamethyl-22-oxo-21-oxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tricosan-10-yl]oxy]-4,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylate | 101572208 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)C)O)O)O)OC4CCC5(C6CCC7C8C(C9CC8(CCC7(C6(CCC5C4(C)C)C)C)C(=O)O9)C(C)(C)O)C)C(=O)OC)O)O)O)O | 955.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-[[(1R,4R,5R,8R,10S,13R,14R,17R,18S,19S,20S)-19-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4,5,9,9,13-pentamethyl-22-oxo-21-oxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tricosan-10-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylate | 101572207 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)OC)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)C)CCC7C3(CCC89C7C(C(C8)OC9=O)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C | 957.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Stellatoside C | 70694565 | Click to see | 941.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Thurberoside A | 70694564 | Click to see | 923.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones | |||||
| Eleganin | 5281440 | Click to see | 434.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,3aR,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-4,9-dihydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid | 21604188 | Click to see | 472.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bS)-9-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-2-oxo-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylic acid | 21604187 | Click to see | 470.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,4aR,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14aR,14bR)-1,10-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14,14a,14b-hexadecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 21604186 | Click to see | 474.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,4R,5R,8R,10S,13R,14R,17R,18S,19S,20R,23S)-10,23-dihydroxy-19-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4,5,9,9,13-pentamethyl-21-oxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tricosan-22-one | 21604189 | Click to see | 488.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl) acetate | 345510 | Click to see | 468.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85614-9 |
| (4S,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bS,8aS,12aR,14aS,14bS)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-one | 162968766 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85614-9 |
| [(3R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate | 10552249 | Click to see | 468.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate | 13019938 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C | 468.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85614-9 |
| alpha-Amyrin acetate | 92842 | Click to see | 468.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85614-9 |
| Beta-Amyrin Acetate | 92156 | Click to see | 468.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Friedelan-3-one | 244297 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85614-9 |
| Mesembryanthemoidigenic acid | 21594136 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)CO)C(=O)O)C)C)C | 472.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Morolic Acid | 489944 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc25529 | 293754 | Click to see | 468.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85614-9 |
| Stellatogenin | 101280176 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CCC4C3(CCC56C4C(C(C5)OC6=O)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C | 472.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives | |||||
| (24R)-5-Ergosten-3beta-ol | 312822 | Click to see | 400.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| (3S,8S,9S,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 134766514 | Click to see | 400.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| (8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-17-((2R,5R)-5,6-Dimethylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 51051617 | Click to see | 400.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Campesterol | 173183 | Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C | 400.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid esters | |||||
| Campesteryl Ferulate | 15056832 | Click to see | 576.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 122544 | Click to see | 412.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside | 296119 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| Npc196776 | 50930798 | Click to see | 410.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | 22012 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| Stigmasterol | 5280794 | Click to see | 412.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids | |||||
| Tricine | 79784 | Click to see | 179.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzoxazines | |||||
| (2S,4R)-1',2-dimethylspiro[1,2-dihydro-3,1-benzoxazine-4,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-one | 163187084 | Click to see | 232.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| (4S)-1'-methylspiro[1,2-dihydro-3,1-benzoxazine-4,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-one | 163060351 | Click to see CN1CCC2(C1=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NCO2 | 218.25 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164890 |
| 1'-Methylspiro[1,2-dihydro-3,1-benzoxazine-4,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-one | 163060350 | Click to see CN1CCC2(C1=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NCO2 | 218.25 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11172-005-0033-X https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164890 |
| 1',2-Dimethylspiro[1,2-dihydro-3,1-benzoxazine-4,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-one | 21769958 | Click to see CC1NC2=CC=CC=C2C3(O1)CCN(C3=O)C | 232.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazanaphthalenes / Benzodiazines / Quinazolines | |||||
| Deoxyvasicinone | 68261 | Click to see | 186.21 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249703 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164889 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11172-005-0033-X |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles | |||||
| 2-(1H-indol-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indole | 10752953 | Click to see | 246.31 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249703 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles / 3-alkylindoles | |||||
| (2S,6S)-2,3-dimethylspiro[1,3-oxazinane-6,3'-1H-indole]-2'-one | 162959161 | Click to see CC1N(CCC2(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=O)C | 232.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564840 |
| 1-(1H-indol-1-ium-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine | 101928958 | Click to see | 175.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3,3'-Diindolylmethane | 3071 | Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43 | 246.31 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629885 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11172-005-0033-X https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164889 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629886 |
| bis(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-dimethylazanium | 1071977 | Click to see C[N+](C)(CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43 | 304.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Gramine | 6890 | Click to see | 174.24 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249703 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099520 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164889 https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-005-0025-Y https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629886 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02336098 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11172-005-0033-X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97312-6 |
| Gramine, N-oxide | 230284 | Click to see | 190.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Graminol | 129634333 | Click to see | 190.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolines | |||||
| (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-2-one | 5325568 | Click to see CNCCC1(C2=CC=CC=C2NC1=O)O | 206.24 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564840 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| 3-hydroxy-3-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-2-one | 10987427 | Click to see | 206.24 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-005-0025-Y https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564840 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11172-005-0033-X https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164889 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00629886 |
| Yhaqqfnsezllpm-uhfffaoysa- | 10955426 | Click to see CC1N(CCC2(O1)C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=O)C | 232.28 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564840 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11172-005-0033-X https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164889 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / N-alkylindoles | |||||
| (1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanamine | 3934542 | Click to see CN1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)CN | 160.22 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000039137.90280.DC |
| 3-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1-methylindole | 101999730 | Click to see | 260.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyridoindoles / Beta carbolines | |||||
| 2-Methyltryptoline | 121896 | Click to see CN1CCC2=C(C1)NC3=CC=CC=C23 | 186.25 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000039137.90280.DC https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| Arundarine | 12990746 | Click to see CN1CCC2=C(C1)NC3=C2C(=C(C=C3)O)N4C=C(C5=CC=CC=C54)CCN(C)C | 388.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200518178 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11172-005-0033-X |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyrroloindoles | |||||
| 2-[5-[[(3aS,8bR)-3-methyl-1,2,3a,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-8b-yl]oxy]-1H-indol-3-yl]-N,N-dimethylethanamine | 132513242 | Click to see CN1CCC2(C1NC3=CC=CC=C32)OC4=CC5=C(C=C4)NC=C5CCN(C)C | 376.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02336098 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| N,N-dimethyl-2-[5-[(3-methyl-1,2,3a,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-8b-yl)oxy]-1H-indol-3-yl]ethanamine | 5251050 | Click to see | 376.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02336098 https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-005-0025-Y https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Tryptamines and derivatives | |||||
| 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl-trimethylazanium | 5316904 | Click to see | 203.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine | 16184 | Click to see CNCCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC | 204.27 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099520 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97312-6 |
| Bufotenidine | 3083591 | Click to see | 218.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| N,N-Dimethyltryptamine | 6089 | Click to see | 188.27 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099520 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM00303A032 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97312-6 |
| O-Methylbufotenine | 1832 | Click to see | 218.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099520 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Tryptamines and derivatives / Serotonins | |||||
| (3aS,8bS)-4-[3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-5-hydroxy-1H-indol-4-yl]-3-methyl-2,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-8b-ol | 163195278 | Click to see CN1CCC2(C1N(C3=CC=CC=C32)C4=C(C=CC5=C4C(=CN5)CCN(C)C)O)O | 392.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000039137.90280.DC https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| 1-[3-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-5-hydroxy-1h-4-indolyl]-3-hydroxy-3-(2-methylaminoethyl)-2-indolinone | 24878979 | Click to see | 408.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000039139.30391.2C |
| 3,3'-Bis(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1'H-(1,4'-biindol)-5'-ol | 12972759 | Click to see | 390.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200342209 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000039137.90280.DC https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| 8-[3-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-5-hydroxy-1h-indol-4-yl]-1-methyl-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydro-1h-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-3a-ol | 129819411 | Click to see | 392.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000039137.90280.DC https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| Arundamine | 12043482 | Click to see | 376.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000039137.90280.DC https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| Bufotenine | 10257 | Click to see | 204.27 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099520 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM00303A032 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000039137.90280.DC |
| Dimethyl[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-yl)ethyl]aminium | 122364553 | Click to see CN(C)CCC1=C[NH2+]C2=C1C=C(C=C2)O | 205.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Donasine | 163192934 | Click to see CNCCC1(C2=CC=CC=C2N(C1=O)C3=C(C=CC4=C3C(=CN4)CCN(C)C)O)O | 408.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000039139.30391.2C |
| N-[2-[1-[3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-5-hydroxy-1H-indol-4-yl]indol-3-yl]ethyl]-N-methylacetamide | 12018181 | Click to see CC(=O)N(C)CCC1=CN(C2=CC=CC=C21)C3=C(C=CC4=C3C(=CN4)CCN(C)C)O | 418.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000039137.90280.DC https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CONC.0000033935.05529.E8 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactams / Beta lactams / Penams / Penicillins | |||||
| Amoxicillin | 33613 | Click to see | 365.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249703 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolidines / Phenylpyrrolidines | |||||
| (3R)-3-(2-aminophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one | 45112182 | Click to see CN1CCC(C1=O)(C2=CC=CC=C2N)O | 206.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-005-0025-Y |
| 3-hydroxy-3-(2'-aminophenyl)-N-methyl-2 pyrrolidone | 21627948 | Click to see | 206.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-005-0025-Y |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Pyrroloquinolines / Pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinolines | |||||
| Pyrrolo(4,3,2-de)quinolinium, 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl- | 205042 | Click to see | 203.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Tricin | 5281702 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O | 330.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80015-S |
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