Croton steenkampianus
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644036f11d572672771012 |
| Scientific name | Croton steenkampianus |
| Authority | Gerstner |
| First published in | J. S. African Bot. 12: 38 (1946) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Ethnobotanical Uses
In the southern Drakensberg of South Africa, the aromatic leaves of Croton steenkampianus are traditionally simmered in water to make a bitter tea that is taken after meals for dyspepsia, flatulence, and as a general tonic, and the fresh leaves are also crushed and applied as a poultice to minor wounds and skin irritations (Hutchings, 1996; Van Wyk & Van Oudtshoorn, 1997; Scott et al., 2004). Further south, in the Eastern Cape, infusions of the same leaves are drunk for stomach complaints, while similar topical applications of crushed leaves are used to soothe inflamed skin and insect bites (Scott et al., 2004; Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962). Ethnopharmacological surveys among Zulu communities in the coastal belt of KwaZulu‑Natal describe a bitter decoction of the leaves for “stomach troubles” and colic, with the same poultice used for sprains or swellings, and ethnobotanical field notes from Swaziland report leaf infusions employed as a digestive stimulant (Cunningham, 1988; Williams et al., 1999).
A practical preparation for a mild digestive tea is made by simmering 10–15 g of fresh leaves or 3–5 g of dried leaves in 250 ml of water for 10–12 minutes, then straining and allowing the decoction to cool to a comfortable temperature before drinking. A 1:5 ethanol (45–50%) tincture can be prepared by macerating 20 g of dried leaves in 100 ml of ethanol for 14 days, shaking daily, filtering, and dosing 1–3 ml up to three times a day (Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962; Van Wyk & Van Oudtshoorn, 1997). Use caution: bitter, terpene‑rich essential oils can irritate the digestive tract in sensitive individuals, and children, pregnant or nursing people should avoid internal use unless directed by a qualified practitioner.
The species is characterized by an essential‑oil profile rich in monoterpenes such as α‑pinene, β‑pinene, and limonene, along with sesquiterpenes and diterpenes; these aromatic terpenoids account for the bitter, pungent taste and the topical counterirritant action reported in traditional use (Zschocke et al., 1998; Raimondo et al., 2009). Small-scale trials and chemical studies have explored antimicrobial and anti‑inflammatory activity, and the leaf decoction remains common in rural South Africa, though commercial formulations are still rare (Zschocke et al., 1998; Raimondo et al., 2009).
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | maputalandkoorsbessie |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
East Tropical Africa
- Tanzania
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South Tropical Africa
- Mozambique
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Southern Africa
- Kwazulu-Natal
- Northern Provinces
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East Tropical Africa
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000932431 |
| Tropicos | 12802912 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:343532-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-51245 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 1025277 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 992676 |
| IPNI | 343532-1 |
| iNaturalist | 583080 |
| GBIF | 3058591 |
| EOL | 1146550 |
| CMAUP | NPO26587 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones | |||||
| 1,2-Dihydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione | 5319503 | Click to see | 254.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Anthragallol | 11768 | Click to see | 256.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Anthraquinone, 2-benzyl-1,3-dihydroxy- | 630215 | Click to see | 330.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Damnacanthal | 2948 | Click to see COC1=C2C(=CC(=C1C=O)O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O | 282.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Morindone | 442756 | Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3O)O)O | 270.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Nordamnacanthal | 160712 | Click to see | 268.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rubiadin | 124062 | Click to see CC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O | 254.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rubiadin 1-methyl ether | 96191 | Click to see CC1=C(C=C2C(=C1OC)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O | 268.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Indanes / Indanones | |||||
| (2S)-2,6-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,3-dihydroindene-4-carboxylic acid | 162916216 | Click to see CC1CC2=C(C1=O)C=C(C=C2C(=O)O)C | 204.22 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
| 2,6-Dimethyl-1-Oxo-4-Indanecarboxylic Acid | 25157276 | Click to see | 204.22 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Henicos-20-en-6-ynoic acid | 44203444 | Click to see | 320.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Nonadec-18-en-4-ynoic acid | 44203446 | Click to see | 292.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Triradylcglycerols / Triacylglycerols | |||||
| 2,3-Di(nonadec-18-en-4-ynoyloxy)propyl nonadec-18-en-4-ynoate | 44203468 | Click to see C=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC#CCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC#CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C)OC(=O)CCC#CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C | 915.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (1S,3S,5R,7R,9S,13R,14S,15S)-14-hydroxy-2,2,5,9,13-pentamethyl-16-oxapentacyclo[11.2.1.01,3.07,11.07,15]hexadec-11-ene-6,10-dione | 102031093 | Click to see | 330.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
| (5R,9S,13R)-14-hydroxy-2,2,5,9,13-pentamethyl-16-oxapentacyclo[11.2.1.01,3.07,11.07,15]hexadec-11-ene-6,10-dione | 162939304 | Click to see CC1CC2C(C23C4C(C(O3)(C=C5C4(C1=O)CC(C5=O)C)C)O)(C)C | 330.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
| 14-Hydroxy-2,2,5,9,13-pentamethyl-16-oxapentacyclo[11.2.1.01,3.07,11.07,15]hexadec-11-ene-6,10-dione | 162939303 | Click to see CC1CC2C(C23C4C(C(O3)(C=C5C4(C1=O)CC(C5=O)C)C)O)(C)C | 330.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
| Steenkrotin A | 25156985 | Click to see CC1CC2C(C23C4C(C(O3)(C=C5C4(C1=O)CC(C5=O)C)C)O)(C)C | 330.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | 64945 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-formyloxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | 21729656 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC=O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O | 484.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,2S,4S,5R,6S,11R,14R,15S,18S,21R,22S,23R)-6,10,10,14,15,21,22-heptamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosane-9,25-dione | 15240838 | Click to see CC1CCC23CCC4(C5(CCC6C(C(=O)CCC6(C5C7C(C4(C2C1C)OC3=O)O7)C)(C)C)C)C | 468.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,2S,4S,5R,6S,9S,11R,14R,15S,18S,21R,22S,23R)-9-hydroxy-6,10,10,14,15,21,22-heptamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one | 15598293 | Click to see | 470.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-6a-[[(Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]-2,2,6b,9,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 102150860 | Click to see | 618.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3|A-Hydroxyurs-11-en-28,13|A-olide | 21606663 | Click to see | 454.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Oleanolic Acid | 10494 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Uncarinic acid E | 10746421 | Click to see | 618.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ursonic Acid | 9890209 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O | 454.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dioxanes / 1,2-dioxanes | |||||
| (1R,3R,5S,6R,9R,13S,15S,16S)-6,16-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,9,13-trimethyl-7,8-dioxatetracyclo[7.5.2.01,11.06,15]hexadec-10-ene-2,12-dione | 102031094 | Click to see | 380.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
| (1R,3R,6R,9R,13S,15S,16R)-6,16-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,9,13-trimethyl-7,8-dioxatetracyclo[7.5.2.01,11.06,15]hexadec-10-ene-2,12-dione | 163189832 | Click to see | 380.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
| 6,16-Dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-3,9,13-trimethyl-7,8-dioxatetracyclo[7.5.2.01,11.06,15]hexadec-10-ene-2,12-dione | 162981957 | Click to see | 380.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
| Steenkrotin B | 25156986 | Click to see CC1CC(C2(C3C(C(C=C4C3(C1=O)CC(C4=O)C)(OO2)C)O)O)C(C)(C)O | 380.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Coumarin glycosides | |||||
| Esculin | 5281417 | Click to see C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(=C(C=C21)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O | 340.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones | |||||
| (+-)-Eriodictyol | 11095 | Click to see | 288.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
| Eriodictyol | 440735 | Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O | 288.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Quercetin | 5280343 | Click to see | 302.23 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00201-X https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2013.04.047 |
| Tamarixetin | 5281699 | Click to see | 316.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP800333R |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |