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Fritillaria przewalskii

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644026528facb782169072
Scientific name Fritillaria przewalskii
Authority Maxim. ex Batalin
First published in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 105 (1893)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among many high‑altitude communities of China, the dried bulb of Fritillaria przewalskii is best known for lung‑related teas and decoctions. In Classical Chinese medicine it is a staple antitussive and expectorant, sliced and simmered in water as a simple decoction or combined with other herbs in cough formulas; the official use is documented by the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2015). In the adjacent provinces of western China, practitioners make a milder infusion of the bulb, strained and sipped warm for chest colds and sore throats, and especially for coughs with thick phlegm (Cai and Liu, 2009). Across the Tibetan plateau, healers prepare a decoction of sliced bulb, sometimes with honey, to soothe cough and shortness of breath (Zhang et al., 2005). Within Qinghai, Mongol healers also steep the dried bulb for a short time as a tea to ease throat irritation (Ho et al., 2014).

One practical preparation is a simple bulb decoction. Use 6–10 grams of dried bulb slices, cover with 600 millilitres of water, bring to a boil and simmer gently for 30 minutes, then strain. Drink about half a cup (120–150 ml) two to three times a day. Because the bulb contains bioactive alkaloids, do not exceed this dose or use continuously for more than a week. It should not be taken during pregnancy or lactation, nor given to small children; people with heart conditions or who are taking anticoagulants should seek professional guidance.

The bulb’s activity is linked to isosteroidal alkaloids such as peimine, peiminine, verticine and verticinone; these compounds are consistently reported in studies of Fritillaria species and are considered responsible for the traditional antitussive and expectorant effects (Jiang et al., 2008; Sun et al., 2015).

Today, Fritillaria przewalskii remains an official medicine in China and continues to be incorporated into modern cough formulas, while ongoing research is investigating its antitussive pharmacology, as summarized by Xu et al. (2020).

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Fritillaria gansuensis S.C.Chen & G.D.Yu Acta Bot. Yunnan. 7: 148 (1985)
Fritillaria przewalskii var. discolor Y.K.Yang & Y.S.Zhou Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 5: 40 (1985)
Fritillaria przewalskii f. emacula Y.K.Yang & J.K.Wu Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 5: 40 (1985)
Fritillaria przewalskii var. gannanica Y.K.Yang & J.Z.Ren J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 5: 132 (1987)
Fritillaria przewalskii var. tessellata Y.K.Yang & Y.S.Zhou Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 5: 39 (1985)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Chinese 伊贝母
Chinese 川贝母
Chinese 甘肃贝母
Chinese 岷贝
Chinese 西北贝母
Chinese 甘肅貝母

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000768027
UNII CUB29S3EEF
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:535282-1
The Plant List kew-306829
Open Tree Of Life 702593
NCBI Taxonomy 152092
IPNI 535282-1
iNaturalist 565516
GBIF 5300378
Freebase /m/0134pv6l
EOL 1088558
USDA GRIN 423416
Wikipedia Fritillaria_przewalskii
CMAUP NPO22292

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Editorial: Plants surviving in extreme environment: harnessing soil-plant–microbial relationship to enhance crop health and productivity Chandra P, Egamberdieva D, Basak N, Rai AK, Sonth B Front Microbiol 25-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11080980
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1388802
PMID:38725690
Traditional Tibetan medicine: therapeutic potential in lung diseases Li C, Li Y, Huang X, Li S, Sangji K, Gu R Front Pharmacol 18-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10986185
doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1365911
PMID:38567353
Predicting the potential distribution of 12 threatened medicinal plants on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, with a maximum entropy model Yang L, Zhu X, Song W, Shi X, Huang X Ecol Evol 15-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10867876
doi:10.1002/ece3.11042
PMID:38362168
Research on image recognition of three Fritillaria cirrhosa species based on deep learning Chen Y, Li Y, Zhang S Sci Rep 09-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10636039
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-46191-z
PMID:37945637
Effects of climate warming and human activities on the distribution patterns of Fritillaria unibracteata in eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Zhao D, Wang J, Dai W, Ye K, Chen J, Lai Q, Li H, Zhong B, Yu X Sci Rep 22-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10516939
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-42988-0
PMID:37737302
Authenticity and species identification of Fritillariae cirrhosae: a data fusion method combining electronic nose, electronic tongue, electronic eye and near infrared spectroscopy Gui XJ, Li H, Ma R, Tian LY, Hou FG, Li HY, Fan XH, Wang YL, Yao J, Shi JH, Zhang L, Li XL, Liu RX Front Chem 28-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10175593
doi:10.3389/fchem.2023.1179039
PMID:37188096
Structural characteristics and diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities of wild Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau Cui Z, Li R, Li F, Jin L, Wu H, Cheng C, Ma Y, Wang Z, Wang Y Front Microbiol 17-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9981654
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1070815
PMID:36876117
A distinction between Fritillaria Cirrhosa Bulbus and Fritillaria Pallidiflora Bulbus via LC–MS/MS in conjunction with principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis Liu C, Liu S, Tse WM, Tse KW, Erbu A, Xiong H, Lanzi G, Liu Y, Ye B Sci Rep 15-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9931167
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-29631-8
PMID:36792675
Medicinal herbs and multiple sclerosis: Overview on the hard balance between new therapeutic strategy and occupational health risk Costantini E, Masciarelli E, Casorri L, Di Luigi M, Reale M Front Cell Neurosci 10-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9688751
doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.985943
PMID:36439198
Chemical Identification and Antioxidant Screening of Bufei Yishen Formula using an Offline DPPH Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Q-Extractive Orbitrap MS/MS Wu J, Cai B, Zhang A, Zhao P, Du Y, Liu X, Zhao D, Yang L, Liu X, Li J Int J Anal Chem 15-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9588378
doi:10.1155/2022/1423801
PMID:36284795
Integrative analysis of the steroidal alkaloids distribution and biosynthesis of bulbs Fritillariae Cirrhosae through metabolome and transcriptome analyses Lu Q, Li R, Liao J, Hu Y, Gao Y, Wang M, Li J, Zhao Q BMC Genomics 14-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC9284883
doi:10.1186/s12864-022-08724-0
PMID:35836113
Correction: Allometric relationships between leaf and bulb traits of Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. grown at different altitudes N/A PLoS One 25-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC8880756
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264810
PMID:35213670
Levels and Health Risk of Pesticide Residues in Chinese Herbal Medicines Wang Y, Gou Y, Zhang L, Li C, Wang Z, Liu Y, Geng Z, Shen M, Sun L, Wei F, Zhou J, Gu L, Jin H, Ma S Front Pharmacol 01-Feb-2022
PMCID:PMC8844025
doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.818268
PMID:35177984
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae as a Respiratory Medicine: Is There a Potential Drug in the Treatment of COVID-19? Quan Y, Li L, Yin Z, Chen S, Yi J, Lang J, Zhang L, Yue Q, Zhao J Front Pharmacol 20-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8811224
doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.784335
PMID:35126123
Modeling of the Potential Geographical Distribution of Three Fritillaria Species Under Climate Change Jiang R, Zou M, Qin Y, Tan G, Huang S, Quan H, Zhou J, Liao H Front Plant Sci 10-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8784777
doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.749838
PMID:35082804

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Aconitane-type diterpenoid alkaloids
(2R,3R,6S,8R,12R,16S,20R,21S)-14-ethyl-6,21-dimethoxy-16-(methoxymethyl)-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.12,5.01,13.03,8.08,12.016,20]docosane-4,19-diol 5316481 Click to see 465.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(2Z,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E)-3-hydroxy-1-[(1R,4S)-4-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl]-4,8,13,17-tetramethyl-19-(2,3,4-trimethylphenyl)nonadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18-nonaen-1-one 102117088 Click to see 580.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / 22,26-epiminocholestanes
(3S,5S,8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-[(1S)-1-[(2R,5S)-1,5-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl]ethyl]-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one 10693900 Click to see 429.70 unknown via CMAUP database
N-demethylpuqietinone 11304576 Click to see 415.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Puqietinone 44583920 Click to see 429.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / Cerveratrum-type alkaloids
(1R,2S,6R,9S,11S,14S,15S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-20-hydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-17-one 101687687 Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(=O)C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C 413.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R,2S,6S,9S,11S,14S,15S,17R,18S,20S,23R,24S)-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosane-10,17,20-triol 102063130 Click to see 431.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R,2S,6S,9S,11S,14S,15S,17S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosane-10,17,20-triol 101297579 Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)O)(C)O 431.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R,2S,6S,9S,11S,14S,15S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-10,20-dihydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-17-one 102063129 Click to see 429.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R,2S,6S,9S,11S,14S,15S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-20-hydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-17-one 102062796 Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(=O)C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C 413.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(3b,5a,6a)-Cevane-3,6,20-triol 118701092 Click to see 431.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(6S,23R)-20-hydroxy-6,23-dimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-17-one 5315861 Click to see CC1CCC2CC3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(=O)C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C 399.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2013.878737
Ebeiedine 101324888 Click to see 415.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Imperialine 442977 Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(=O)C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)(C)O 429.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Isoverticine 21573744 Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)O)(C)O 431.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Peimine 131900 Click to see 431.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Peiminine 5320446 Click to see 429.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Puqiedine 101400593 Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)O)C 415.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Sinpeinine A 126149 Click to see 413.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Verticinone 167691 Click to see 429.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / Jerveratrum-type alkaloids
(3S,3'R,3'aS,6'S,6aR,6bS,7'aR,9R,11aS,11bR)-3-hydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[1,2,3,4,4a,6,6a,6b,7,8,11,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-5-one 102119835 Click to see 427.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,3'R,3'aS,6'S,6aR,6bS,9R,11aS,11bR)-3-hydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[1,2,3,4,4a,6,6a,6b,7,8,11,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-5-one 21123947 Click to see 427.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,3'R,4aS,6'S,6aR,6bS,7'aR,9R,11aS,11bR)-3-hydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[1,2,3,4,4a,6,6a,6b,7,8,11,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-5-one 71751476 Click to see 427.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Peimisine 161294 Click to see CC1CC2C(C(C3(O2)CCC4C5CC(=O)C6CC(CCC6(C5CC4=C3C)C)O)C)NC1 427.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
Puqietinonoside 21575476 Click to see CC1CCC(N(C1)C)C(C)C2CCC3C2(CCC4C3CC(=O)C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C 591.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
6-Hydroxycevan-2-yl hexopyranoside 127202 Click to see 577.80 unknown via CMAUP database
6-Oxocevan-2-yl hexopyranoside 127203 Click to see 575.80 unknown via CMAUP database
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides
(2R,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 54732806 Click to see C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)N 267.24 unknown via CMAUP database
2-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one 6802 Click to see 283.24 unknown via CMAUP database
9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one 6021 Click to see 268.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Adenosine 60961 Click to see C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)N 267.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides / Purine 2-deoxyribonucleosides
5-(6-Aminopurin-9-Yl)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxolan-3-Ol 636 Click to see 251.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JSSC.201100373
Deoxyadenosine 13730 Click to see 251.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Pyrimidine nucleosides
Cytidine 6175 Click to see C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O 243.22 unknown via CMAUP database
Uridine 6029 Click to see 244.20 unknown via CMAUP database
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Pyrimidine nucleosides / Pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleosides
1-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-deuterio-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione 11085982 Click to see 243.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Thymidine 5789 Click to see CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2CC(C(O2)CO)O 242.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 2-benzopyrans
(1Z)-1-butylidene-8-hydroxyisochromen-4-one 5315862 Click to see CCCC=C1C2=C(C=CC=C2O)C(=O)CO1 218.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazines / Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives / Hydroxypyrimidines
5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diol 5274265 Click to see 126.11 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazines / Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives / Pyrimidones
5-methyl-(211C)1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 11557282 Click to see 125.11 unknown via CMAUP database
Uracil 1174 Click to see 112.09 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives
2-amino-3,7-dihydropurin-6-one 764 Click to see C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=O)N=C(N2)N 151.13 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / 6-aminopurines
Adenine 190 Click to see C1=NC2=NC=NC(=C2N1)N 135.13 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / Purinones / Hypoxanthines
CID 790 790 Click to see 136.11 unknown via CMAUP database

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