Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

The aromatic, dry, wiry habit of Clinopodium vulgare has been valued as a gentle beverage herb and flavoring for many years. In western North America, Shakhnoza Karomat and colleagues report that decoctions of the aerial parts were used traditionally as a beverage and as a flavoring, while infusions were taken as a mild tonic and for wintertime colds. In Pakistan, Flora of China documents that fresh leaves were used to make teas for dysentery, and infusions were taken for colds and as diuretics. In Europe, Herbal First Aid (Harrington) records the use of infusions and teas of the aerial parts for colic, indigestion, colds, and congestion, with additional historical use in “cottage tonics.” The whole above‑ground parts—leaves, stems, and sometimes flowers—are typically gathered while the plant is in flower and used as infusions or decoctions.

For those interested in a simple, mild tea, a convenient way to prepare it is an infusion of the aerial parts. Place about one to two teaspoons of the dried herb in a small pot, cover with one cup of freshly boiled water, and steep, covered, for 5 to 8 minutes; strain and serve. Because the taste can be fairly strong, you can start with a lighter infusion and increase the herb or steep time to suit your palate. A 1:5 by weight ethanol tincture of the dried aerial parts is also straightforward: macerate one part herb in five parts 45% ethanol in a sealed jar for two to three weeks, shaking daily, then strain and bottle the liquid. As with any herbal preparation, start with small amounts, avoid medicinal claims, and consult a qualified practitioner before use if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medications.

Clinopodium vulgare belongs to the mint family, and it is rich in essential oils and terpenes that explain its traditional role as a digestive and respiratory herb. Reported constituents include the monoterpenes thymol, carvacrol, p‑cymene, γ‑terpinene, and linalool, as well as phenolic compounds such as rosmarinic acid and flavonoids like apigenin. These constituents are well known to contribute aromatic, antimicrobial, and mild spasmolytic effects, aligning with its use in teas, decoctions, and infusions.

Wild basil remains a niche beverage herb in contemporary markets, and it is used in home brewing circles and small farms. Ongoing work continues to characterize the plant’s essential oil profile and traditional uses, but the strongest documentation today still centers on its time‑honored role as a fragrant infusion or decoction.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
• Essential oil: hydrodistilled aerial parts (leaves/flowers), used in perfumery as a fragrance component; composition is dominated by pulegone with menthone, limonene, isomenthone, and menthol (content varies by chemotype and season).

Fragrance and cosmetics:
• Used in minute concentrations in fragrance compounds to impart a minty/mentholated note; common applications include soaps, detergents, and light perfumery; established use as a fragrance raw material, typically subject to IFRA guidelines for pulegone-containing materials.

Properties relevant to use:
• Essential oil yield and composition vary by plant part, phenological stage, and geography; pulegone-rich chemotypes are the basis for perfumery applications; oils generally have a characteristic menthol-like odor profile suitable for aromatic compounding.

Standards and regulation:
• Fragrance use is governed by IFRA standards and related regulatory frameworks for pulegone; national and international cosmetic regulations apply (e.g., EU Cosmetic Regulation, US FDA) but compliance and allowable concentration limits are not detailed in primary sources for this species.

Sustainability and sourcing:
• Harvested from wild populations for essential oil production; chemotype selection influences yield and perfume quality; chemotype diversity suggests potential for cultivation or targeted wild collection to meet quality requirements, though specific sustainability data are not reported in the reviewed literature.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Melissa clinopodium	Benth.	Labiat. Gen. Spec. : 392 (1834)
Melissa vulgaris	Trevis.	Prosp. Fl. Eugan. : 26 (1842)
Satureja vulgaris	Beguin.	Fl. Italia 3: 61 (1903)
Satureja vulgaris	(L.) Fritsch	Excursionsfl. Oesterreich 477. 1897
Satureja vulgaris var. neogaea	Fernald	Rhodora 46: 388. 1944
Acinos vulgaris	Pers.	Syn. Pl. 2: 131 (1806)
Calamintha vulgaris	Druce	Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1906: 224 (1906)
Clinopodium vulgare var. gracile	Lange	Pug. Pl. Hispan. 177. 1863
Clinopodium clinopodium	Degen	Magyar Bot. Lapok 4: 131 (1905)
Clinopodium origanifacie	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 76 (1782)
Clinopodium variegatum	Hort ex Steud.	Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 386 (1840)
Clinopodium vulgare f. minus	Šilić	Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosne Hercegovine Sarajevu. Prir. Nauke 13: 123. 1975 [1974 publ. 1975]
Clinopodium vulgare var. neogaeum	(Fernald) C.F.Reed	Phytologia 63(5): 412. 1987
Clinopodium vulgare f. parviflorum	(Rohlena) Šilić	Monogr. Satureja 362. 1979
Clinopodium vulgare var. parviflorum	Rohlena	Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 27: 51 1902 publ. 1903
Clinopodium vulgare f. rubrotinctum	Šilić	Monogr. Satureja 364. 1979
Clinopodium vulgare f. unicephalum	Šilić	Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosne Hercegovine Sarajevu. Prir. Nauke 13: 122, exact type not cited. 1975 [1974 publ. 1975]
Satureja clinopodium var. diminuta	(Simon) Rouy	Fl. France 11: 337. 1909
Calamintha clinopodium	(Vest) Spenn.	Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 429 (1835)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	wild basil
Spanish	perilla de cama
Spanish	pie de cama
Spanish	orégano falso
Spanish	oregano falso
Spanish	nébida
Spanish	nebida
Spanish	cuatro-hermanas castellanas
Spanish	cuatro hermanas castellanas
Spanish	angelotes
Spanish	albahaca silvestre mayor
Spanish	albahaca silvestre
Spanish	albahaca de monte
Spanish	oriegano
Spanish	hierba capuchina
ab	Агәыхьхәшә
Arabic	رأس العصفور
Belarusian	Вырачка звычайная
Bulgarian	котешка стъпка
Catalan	clinopode
Czech	klinopád obecný
Welsh	brenhinllys gwyllt
Danish	kransbørste
German	clinopode
German	gemeiner wirbeldost
German	gewöhnlicher wirbeldost
German	borstige bergminze
Estonian	harilik mägimünt
Finnish	mäkiminttu
Finnish	lehtomäkiminttu
French	calament clinopode
French	clinopode
French	clinopode commun
Irish	saoisteog
Upper Sorbian	wšědna čisćica
Lithuanian	krūminė šunmėtė
Lithuanian	clinopode
Norwegian Bokmål	kransmynte
Dutch	borstelkrans
pcd	bazélique
pcd	bazlique
Polish	klinopodium pospolite
Polish	czyścica storzyszek
Russian	Пахучка обыкновенная
Slovak	jarva obyčajná
Slovenian	navadna mačja zel
Swedish	bergmynta
Swedish	clinopode
Ukrainian	Пахучка звичайна
Chinese	欧洲风轮菜

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Clinopodium vulgare subsp. arundanum	(Boiss.) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. : 587 (1881)
Clinopodium vulgare subsp. orientale	Bothmer	Bot. Not. 120: 206 (1967)
Clinopodium vulgare subsp. vulgare		Unknown

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Azores
  - Madeira
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Middle Asia
  - Turkmenistan
- Siberia
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - West Siberia
  - Yakutskiya
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Pakistan
  - West Himalaya

Australasia click to expand
- New Zealand
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - Krym
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Newfoundland
  - Ontario
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Kansas
  - Minnesota
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Indiana
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Rhode Island
  - Vermont
  - West Virginia
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado
  - Montana
  - Oregon
  - Washington
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Arkansas
  - Delaware
  - Florida
  - Kentucky
  - Maryland
  - North Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - Utah
- Western Canada
  - British Columbia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000893535
Florida Plant Atlas	4409
Canadensys	6368
USDA Plants	CLVU
Tropicos	17600035
INPN	91912
Flora of Italy	4604
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:61206-2
The Plant List	kew-43704
Open Tree Of Life	482043
Observations.org	2445
NCBI Taxonomy	204222
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004217
Nature Serve	2.146740
IPNI	61206-2
iNaturalist	84281
GBIF	2926945
WisFlora	3158
EPPO	STIVU
EOL	488269
Elurikkus	3801
Calflora (Californian flora)	12378
USDA GRIN	316629
Wikipedia	Clinopodium_vulgare
CMAUP	NPO27103
Plantarium	10841

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

From Polymeric Nanoformulations to Polyphenols—Strategies for Enhancing the Efficacy and Drug Delivery of Gentamicin

Bārzdiņa A, Plotniece A, Sobolev A, Pajuste K, Bandere D, Brangule A

Antibiotics (Basel)

28-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11047640
doi:	10.3390/antibiotics13040305
PMID:	38666981

Land‐use affects pollinator‐specific resource availability and pollinator foraging behaviour

Birkenbach M, Straub F, Kiesel A, Ayasse M, Wilfert L, Kuppler J

Ecol Evol

07-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10918743
doi:	10.1002/ece3.11061
PMID:	38455145

Lipid Peroxidation in Muscle Foods: Impact on Quality, Safety and Human Health

Dragoev SG

Foods

04-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10930712
doi:	10.3390/foods13050797
PMID:	38472909

Traditional Use of Wild Edible Plants in Slovenia: A Field Study and an Ethnobotanical Literature Review

Papež Kristanc A, Kreft S, Strgulc Krajšek S, Kristanc L

Plants (Basel)

24-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934440
doi:	10.3390/plants13050621
PMID:	38475472

Extracts of Sideritis scardica and Clinopodium vulgare Alleviate Cognitive Impairments in Scopolamine-Induced Rat Dementia

Lazarova M, Tsvetanova E, Georgieva A, Stefanova M, Uzunova D, Denev P, Vassileva V, Tasheva K

Int J Mol Sci

02-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10855470
doi:	10.3390/ijms25031840
PMID:	38339117

Using Analytic Hierarchy Process to Assess Beekeeping Suitability in Portuguese Controlled Areas: A First Approach

Roque N, Fernandez P, Silveira C, Vilas-Boas M, Anjos O

Insects

29-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10888816
doi:	10.3390/insects15020091
PMID:	38392511

Exploring nature's hidden treasure: Unraveling the untapped phytochemical and pharmacological potentials of Clinopodium vulgare L. – A hidden gem in the Lamiaceae family

Qureshi KA, Parvez A, Uzzaman Khan MM, Aspatwar A, Atiya A, Elhassan GO, Khan RA, Erattil Ahammed SY, Khan WU, Jaremko M

Heliyon

20-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10834805
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24781
PMID:	38312627

Clinopodium L. Taxa from the Balkans—Are There Unique Leaf Micromorphological and Phytochemical Patterns?

Janković S, Alimpić Aradski A, Dodoš T, Novaković J, Ivanović S, Vujisić L, Marin PD, Rajčević N

Plants (Basel)

16-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10819394
doi:	10.3390/plants13020251
PMID:	38256803

Topographic depressions can provide climate and resource microrefugia for biodiversity

Frei K, Vojtkó A, Farkas T, Erdős L, Barta K, E-Vojtkó A, Tölgyesi C, Bátori Z

iScience

21-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10656275
doi:	10.1016/j.isci.2023.108202
PMID:	38026156

Recent evolution of flowering time across multiple European plant species correlates with changes in aridity

Rauschkolb R, Durka W, Godefroid S, Dixon L, Bossdorf O, Ensslin A, Scheepens JF

Oecologia

18-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10386928
doi:	10.1007/s00442-023-05414-w
PMID:	37462737

Endangered Forest Communities in Central Europe: Mapping Current and Potential Distributions of Euro-Siberian Steppic Woods with Quercus spp. in South Slovak Basin

Oravec P, Wittlinger L, Máliš F

Biology (Basel)

25-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10376067
doi:	10.3390/biology12070910
PMID:	37508342

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles at Different pH Values from Clinopodium vulgare L. and Their Assessment as an Antimicrobial Agent and Biomedical Application

Arif H, Qayyum S, Akhtar W, Fatima I, Kayani WK, Rahman KU, Al-Onazi WA, Al-Mohaimeed AM, Bangash NK, Ashraf N, Razak SA, Kamal A, Ali S

Micromachines (Basel)

23-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10383690
doi:	10.3390/mi14071285
PMID:	37512596

Edge Effects in the Distribution of Coleoptera in the Forests of the Center of the European Part of Russia

Ruchin AB, Egorov LV, Khapugin AA

Insects

10-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10144564
doi:	10.3390/insects14040371
PMID:	37103186

Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of In Vitro Cultivated and Wild-Growing Clinopodium vulgare L. Plants

Petrova M, Dimitrova L, Dimitrova M, Denev P, Teneva D, Georgieva A, Petkova-Kirova P, Lazarova M, Tasheva K

Plants (Basel)

09-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10141775
doi:	10.3390/plants12081591
PMID:	37111815

Effect of silvopasture system on fearfulness and leg health in fast-growing broiler chickens

Paneru B, Pent GJ, Nastasi S, Downing AK, Munsell JF, Fike JH, Jacobs L

PLoS One

23-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10035879
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0282923
PMID:	36952445

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R,20S)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-ene-20-carbaldehyde	162918523	Click to see	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
(1S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-2-one	162967325	Click to see	941.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,4S,5R,13S,18S)-2-Hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	3037643	Click to see	634.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	101672529	Click to see	797.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	162940384	Click to see	1105.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162901037	Click to see	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R,21S)-2,21-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	71473672	Click to see	959.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R)-2-hydroxy-4,5,9,9,13,20,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	101672530	Click to see	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163049194	Click to see	1267.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-[[2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	162940383	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	1105.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
2-[2-[[2,21-Dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	73109658	Click to see	959.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-[[2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163049192	Click to see	1267.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-[[2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	85254598	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-[[2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	76153036	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(C(OC(C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5CCC6(C(C5(C)CO)CCC7(C6C=CC89C7(CC(C1(C8CC(CC1)(C)C)CO9)O)C)C)C)C)O)CO)O)O)O	1089.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
2-[5-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-4,5,9,9,13,20,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl)oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	78173561	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)C)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
2-[5-Hydroxy-2-[[2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	78178010	Click to see	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
2-Hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-ene-20-carbaldehyde	85166216	Click to see	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
9-(Hydroxymethyl)-10-[5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-2-one	85246671	Click to see	941.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
beta-D-Galactopyranoside, (3beta,4alpha,16beta)-13,28-epoxy-16,23-dihydroxyolean-11-en-3-yl 6-deoxy-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-	4483645	Click to see	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
Buddlejasaponin I	54582846	Click to see	1089.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
Buddlejasaponin Iv	153940	Click to see	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
Clinoposaponin X	3037619	Click to see	797.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
clinoposaponin XI	190938	Click to see	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
dimethyl (2S,3R,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-2-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4,8a-dicarboxylate	101630395	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C(=O)OC)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC)C	692.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
Saikogenin F 3-glucoside	124223333	Click to see	634.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
Saikosaponin A	167928	Click to see	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.45.1493
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563844
(2S,3R,4S,4aS,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-2,3-dihydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4,8a-dicarboxylic acid	462205	Click to see	502.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10R,11S,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	93492873	Click to see	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Bayogenin	12305221	Click to see	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Medicagenic acid	65048	Click to see	502.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(1S,2R,3R,7S,8R)-1,7-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-2-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	21576629	Click to see	351.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(8aalpha)-Octahydro-1beta,6alpha,7beta-trihydroxyindolizin]-8alpha-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside	10089286	Click to see C1CN2CC(C(C(C2C1O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	351.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indolizidines
6-Epicastanospermine	184806	Click to see	189.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
Castanospermine	54445	Click to see	189.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
Rel-(1R,6R,7S,8S,8aS)-octahydroindolizine-1,6,7,8-tetraol	13959480	Click to see C1CN2CC(C(C(C2C1O)O)O)O	189.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Piperidines
3-Epi-fagomine	10290867	Click to see C1CNC(C(C1O)O)CO	147.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
Fagomine	72259	Click to see	147.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolidines
(2R,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3-ol	11073391	Click to see	117.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolizidines
(1R,2S,3S,7R,8R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1,2,7-triol	21576628	Click to see C1CN2C(C(C(C2C1O)O)O)CO	189.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,2S,3S,7S,8R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1,2,7-triol	21576627	Click to see	189.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,3R,7S,7aR)-3-Hydroxymethyl-1,2,7-trihydroxypyrrolizidine	453575	Click to see C1CN2C(C(C(C2C1O)O)O)CO	189.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,3R,7S,8S)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1,2,7-triol	14164813	Click to see C1CN2C(C(C(C2C1O)O)O)CO	189.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,2,7-trihydroxypyrrolizidine	72360	Click to see	189.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,7a-Diepialexine	189605	Click to see C1CN2C(C(C(C2C1O)O)O)CO	189.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
Australine	442628	Click to see C1CN2C(C(C(C2C1O)O)O)CO	189.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflav-2-enes / Isoflavones
3-(3,4-Dihydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxychromen-4-one	101785462	Click to see	300.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 3-hydroxy,4-methoxyisoflavonoids
Koparin	5318834	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)C2=COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)O)O)O	300.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylisoflavones
Afromosin	5281704	Click to see	298.29	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Clinopodium vulgare

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