Common products:
Allium giganteum is cultivated almost exclusively as an ornamental perennial bulb. Its large, upright stems (up to 1.2 m) and showy, spherical inflorescences (up to 20 cm diameter) make it a popular choice for garden borders, rockeries and naturalistic plantings. The flower heads are harvested for the cut‑flower trade, where they are used fresh in floral arrangements and also dried for long‑lasting decorative displays.

Industrial and craft applications:
Beyond horticulture, the species serves as a reference organism in cytogenetic studies. Its relatively large chromosomes and clear mitotic figures are employed in standard chromosome‑counting protocols and in education laboratories for observing mitosis. The plant’s bulbs can be divided for propagation, a method widely used in the ornamental‑bulb industry to produce uniform planting stock.

Properties relevant to use:
The ornamental value derives from the combination of tall, sturdy stems and dense, spherical umbels that retain color and shape for several weeks after cutting. The petals contain high concentrations of anthocyanins, giving the flowers a vivid purple‑blue hue that is stable in fresh and dried forms. In cytogenetic work, the species possesses well‑resolved chromosomes (approximately 2 n = 16) that facilitate accurate counting and karyotype analysis, a property shared with other Allium taxa used in basic plant cytology.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Propagation is generally performed vegetatively by bulb division, minimizing reliance on wild‑collected material. Commercial cultivation occurs in temperate nursery production, with bulbs harvested from cultivated stock rather than from wild populations. The perennial growth habit and ability to naturalize in suitable sites reduce the need for frequent replanting, contributing to a relatively low environmental footprint compared with annual ornamental crops.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Allium procerum	Trautv.	Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 8: 663. 1884 (1884)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Arabic	ثوم عملاق
Azerbaijani	nəhəng soğan
Bulgarian	гигантски лук
Czech	česnek obrovský
German	riesen-lauch
Persian	والک بلند
Hungarian	óriás díszhagyma
Japanese	アリウム・ギガンテウム
Polish	czosnek olbrzymi
Russian	Лук исполинский
Slovenian	orjaški luk
Swedish	jättelök
Chinese	大花葱
Chinese	硕葱
Chinese	大花蔥

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

Start at 4°C for 3 months, then warm to 20°C for another 3 months.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Middle Asia
  - Tadzhikistan
  - Turkmenistan
  - Uzbekistan
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan
  - Iran
  - Turkey

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000756312
UNII	691E6BT1DI
Tropicos	18403373
Flora of Italy	8390
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:528087-1
The Plant List	kew-295629
Missouri Botanical Garden	282192
Open Tree Of Life	416484
NCBI Taxonomy	70758
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0500000239
IPNI	528087-1
iNaturalist	550792
GBIF	2857111
Freebase	/m/02qn246
EPPO	ALLGI
EOL	1084518
USDA GRIN	2285
Wikipedia	Allium_giganteum
Plantarium	1988
PFAF	Allium giganteum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

The effects of precipitation change on urban meadows in different design models and substrates

Jiang Y, Yuan T

Sci Rep

23-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10667351
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-44974-y
PMID:	37996501

Biological Activity and Structural Diversity of Steroids Containing Aromatic Rings, Phosphate Groups, or Halogen Atoms

Dembitsky VM

Molecules

20-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10384810
doi:	10.3390/molecules28145549
PMID:	37513423

Flower morphology of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) and its systematic significance

Jang JE, Baasanmunkh S, Nyamgerel N, Oh SY, Song JH, Yusupov Z, Tojibaev K, Choi HJ

Plant Divers

29-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10851308
doi:	10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.009
PMID:	38343591

Identifying the Anti-MERS-CoV and Anti-HcoV-229E Potential Drugs from the Ginkgo biloba Leaves Extract and Its Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Elshazly EH, Nasr A, Elnosary ME, Gouda GA, Mohamed H, Song Y

Molecules

01-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9919260
doi:	10.3390/molecules28031375
PMID:	36771041

Endophytic Diaporthe as Promising Leads for the Development of Biopesticides and Biofertilizers for a Sustainable Agriculture

Hilário S, Gonçalves MF

Microorganisms

12-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9784053
doi:	10.3390/microorganisms10122453
PMID:	36557707

Food Security beyond Cereals: A Cross-Geographical Comparative Study on Acorn Bread Heritage in the Mediterranean and the Middle East

Zocchi DM, Bondioli C, Hamzeh Hosseini S, Miara MD, Musarella CM, Mohammadi D, Khan Manduzai A, Dilawer Issa K, Sulaiman N, Khatib C, Ahmed HM, Faraj TA, Amin HI, Hussain FH, Faiz A, Pasqualone A, Heinrich F, Fontefrancesco MF, Pieroni A

Foods

02-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9738068
doi:	10.3390/foods11233898
PMID:	36496705

CRISPR/Cas12a Coupled With Recombinase Polymerase Amplification for Sensitive and Specific Detection of Aphelenchoides besseyi

Zhang A, Sun B, Zhang J, Cheng C, Zhou J, Niu F, Luo Z, Yu L, Yu C, Dai Y, Xie K, Hu Q, Qiu Y, Cao L, Chu H

Front Bioeng Biotechnol

30-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9279656
doi:	10.3389/fbioe.2022.912959
PMID:	35845427

Spirostanol Saponins from Flowers of Allium Porrum and Related Compounds Indicating Cytotoxic Activity and Affecting Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Effect in Peritoneal Macrophages

Harmatha J, Buděšínský M, Zídek Z, Kmoníčková E

Molecules

29-Oct-2021

PMCID:	PMC8587756
doi:	10.3390/molecules26216533
PMID:	34770942

Using Genealogical Concordance and Coalescent-Based Species Delimitation to Assess Species Boundaries in the Diaporthe eres Complex

Hilário S, Gonçalves MF, Alves A

J Fungi (Basel)

25-Jun-2021

PMCID:	PMC8307253
doi:	10.3390/jof7070507
PMID:	34202282

Phyto‐fabrication, purification, characterisation, optimisation, and biological competence of nano‐silver

Ahmad B, Shireen F, Rauf A, Shariati MA, Bashir S, Patel S, Khan A, Rebezov M, Khan MU, Mubarak MS, Zhang H

IET Nanobiotechnol

02-Feb-2021

PMCID:	PMC8675842
doi:	10.1049/nbt2.12007
PMID:	34694726

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles utilizing various biological systems: mechanisms and applications—a review

Garg D, Sarkar A, Chand P, Bansal P, Gola D, Sharma S, Khantwal S, Surabhi, Mehrotra R, Chauhan N, Bharti RK

Prog Biomater

11-Jul-2020

PMCID:	PMC7544790
doi:	10.1007/s40204-020-00135-2
PMID:	32654045

Diaporthe: a genus of endophytic, saprobic and plant pathogenic fungi

Gomes RR, Glienke C, Videira SI, Lombard L, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW

Persoonia

28-Mar-2013

PMCID:	PMC3904044
doi:	10.3767/003158513X666844
PMID:	24761033

Novel polyhydroxylated steroidal saponins from Allium giganteum.

Yutaka SASHIDA, Kazuhiro KAWASHIMA, Yoshihiro MIMAKI

Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

08-Dec-2011

doi:	10.1248/CPB.39.698

Thiol-disulfide organization in alliin lyase (alliinase) from garlic (Allium sativum)

Weiner L, Shin I, Shimon LJ, Miron T, Wilchek M, Mirelman D, Frolow F, Rabinkov A

Protein Sci

02-Dec-2008

PMCID:	PMC2708034
doi:	10.1002/pro.10
PMID:	19177363

Steroid saponins and sapogenins of Allium VII. The structure of neoagigenin and agigenin

A. N. Kel'ginbaev, M. B. Gorovits, N. K. Abubakirov

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

07-Jul-2008

doi:	10.1007/BF00564025

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18S,19S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-15,16,19-triol	21672267	Click to see	448.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566817
Alliogenin	14656689	Click to see	464.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.39.698 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564284
Neoagigenin	52931439	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC(C6C5(CC(C(C6)O)O)C)O)C)C)OC1	448.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564025
Spirostan-2,3,6-triol, (2alpha,3beta,5alpha,6beta,25R)-	44566818	Click to see	448.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564025 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(1S,2S,4S,4'S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18R,19R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-4'-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-15,16,18,19-tetrol	162979413	Click to see	642.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98253-0
(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18R,19R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-15-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16,18,19-triol	15693810	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC(C6(C5(CC(C(C6)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)O)O)C)C)OC1	626.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.39.698
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18S,19R)-15,19-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	101609012	Click to see	1067.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98253-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564801
(3S)-5-[(3R,4R,5R,6S)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18S,19R)-15,19-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxopentanoic acid	101783389	Click to see	1211.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710
[(1S,2S,4S,4'S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18R,19R)-4',18,19-trihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-15-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl] acetate	163029256	Click to see	684.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710
[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18R,19R)-18,19-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-15-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl] acetate	15693809	Click to see	668.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.39.698
[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18R,19R)-18,19-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-15-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl] benzoate	15693812	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC(C6(C5(CC(C(C6)OC(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)O)O)C)C)OC1	730.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.39.698
[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18R,19R)-18,19-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-15-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-16-yl] acetate	162929808	Click to see	863.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710
[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,15R,16R,18R,19R)-18,19-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-15-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-16-yl] benzoate	162960601	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC(C5(C4(CC(C(C5)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)O)O)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC	925.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710
[18,19-Dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-15-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl] benzoate	163092086	Click to see	730.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.39.698
[18,19-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-15-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-16-yl] acetate	85106021	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC(C5(C4(CC(C(C5)OC(=O)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)O)O)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC	863.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710
[18,19-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-15-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-16-yl] benzoate	85125244	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC(C5(C4(CC(C(C5)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)O)O)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC	925.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710
[4',18,19-Trihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethyl-15-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl] acetate	85143548	Click to see	684.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710
2-[2-[6-(15,19-Dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	3306234	Click to see	1067.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710
5-[6-[2-[6-(15,19-Dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl)oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxopentanoic acid	162884679	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC(C6C5(CC(C(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)OC9C(C(C(CO9)OC(=O)CC(C)(CC(=O)O)O)O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)O)C)C)OC1	1211.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710
5',7,9,13-Tetramethyl-15-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16,18,19-triol	162998403	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC(C6(C5(CC(C(C6)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)O)O)C)C)OC1	626.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.39.698
5',7,9,13-Tetramethyl-4'-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-15,16,18,19-tetrol	162979412	Click to see CC1COC2(CC1OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(C4C(O2)CC5C4(CCC6C5CC(C7(C6(CC(C(C7)O)O)C)O)O)C)C	642.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98253-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Heteroaromatic compounds
7,8-Dithia-3,12-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.02,6]dodeca-1(9),2(6),4,10-tetraene	101863018	Click to see C1=CNC2=C1SSC3=C2NC=C3	194.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF072572+
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Diarylheptanoids / Linear diarylheptanoids
1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one	10613719	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCC(=O)C=CC=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O	294.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.39.698 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.42.710

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Allium giganteum

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top