Pinus wallichiana is a coniferous evergreen tree native to the Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindu Kush mountains, from eastern Afghanistan east across northern Pakistan and north west India to Yunnan in southwest China. It grows in mountain valleys at altitudes of 1800–4300 m, reaching 30–50 m in height. It has flexible needles in bundles of five, 12–18 cm long, and yellow-buff cones 16–32 cm long. It is known as Bhutan pine, blue pine, Himalayan pine and Himalayan white pine. It is valued for its attractive foliage, decorative cones, and resistance to air pollution. It is a popular tree for planting in parks and large gardens and has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It is also a commercial source of turpentine.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Leucopitys excelsa	Nieuwl.	Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 70 (1913)
Pinus dicksonii	hort. ex Carrière	Traité Gén. Conif. : 300 (1855)
Pinus chylla	Lodd.	Cat. Pl. , ed. 16: 50 (1836)
Pinus griffithii	McClell.	Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 17 (1854)
Pinus excelsa	Wall. ex Lamb.	Pin. ed. II. i. 40. t. 26, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 1. t. 201.
Pinus wallichiana var. manangensis	H.Ohba & M.Suzuki	Bull. Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo 31: 350 (1988)
Pinus nepalensis	Chambray	Traité Prat. Arbr. Résin. Conif. 342 1845
Pinus wallichiana subsp. manangensis	(H.Ohba & M.Suzuki) Silba	J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16: 36 (2009)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	pinus excelsa
English	himalayan white pine
English	himalayan pine
English	blue pine
English	bhutan pine
Spanish	pino de bhutan
Spanish	pino de bhután
Spanish	pinus excelsa
Spanish	pino azul
Spanish	pino azul del himalaya
Belarusian	Хвоя веймутава гімалайская
Bulgarian	син бор
Bulgarian	хималайски бор
Catalan	pi de l'himàlaia
Czech	pinus strobus var. excelsa
Czech	pinus pendula
Czech	pinus griffithii
Czech	borovice himálajská
Czech	pinus excelsa
Czech	borovice himalájská
Welsh	pinwydden bhwtan
Danish	tåre-fyr
German	tränen-kiefer
German	wallichkiefer
German	wallich-kiefer
German	tränenkiefer
Esperanto	valiĥ-pino
Estonian	pisarmänd
Persian	کاج زیبا
Finnish	kyynelmänty
French	pin pleureur de l'himalaya
French	pin de l'himalaya
Hungarian	himalájai selyemfenyő
Armenian	սոճի հիմալայան
Icelandic	himalajafura
Japanese	ヒマラヤゴヨウ
koi	Гималаись пожум
Lithuanian	himalajinė pušis
Norwegian Bokmål	tårefuru
Nepali	गोब्रेसल्ला
Dutch	tranenden
Dutch	himalayaden
Norwegian Nynorsk	tårefuru
Polish	sosna himalajska
Punjab	بیاڑ
Russian	Сосна веймутова гималайская
Russian	Сосна гималайская
Russian	Сосна Уоллича
Russian	Сосна Валлиха
Russian	Сосна бутанская
Slovak	borovica himalájska
Serbian	Хималајски бор
Swedish	himalajatall
Turkish	ağlayan çam
Turkish	pinus griffithii
udm	Гималай пужым
udm	Гималаысь пужым
Ukrainian	Сосна гімалайська
Vietnamese	thông trắng himalaya
Chinese	乔松

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Pinus wallichiana var. parva	K.C.Sahni	Indian J. Forest. 12: 40 (1989)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central
  - Tibet
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - East Himalaya
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - West Himalaya

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Tasmania

Europe click to expand
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
- Northern Europe
  - Great Britain
- Southeastern Europe
  - Italy

Northern America click to expand
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000481612
Cornell Woody Plants	411
USDA Plants	PIWA3
Tropicos	24900822
INPN	113711
Flora of Italy	8582
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:677118-1
The Plant List	kew-2562257
Missouri Botanical Garden	285047
Open Tree Of Life	568632
Observations.org	150406
NCBI Taxonomy	3341
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0000461734
IUCN Red List	42427
IPNI	677118-1
iNaturalist	135668
GBIF	5285074
Freebase	/m/02k50_
EPPO	PIUWA
EOL	1061734
US Library of Congress	sh85102290
USDA GRIN	316268
Wikipedia	Pinus_wallichiana
CMAUP	NPO2924

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Cross-cultural ethnobotany of the Baltis and Shinas in the Kharmang district, Trans-Himalaya India-Pakistan border

Hussain B, Abbas Z, Alam J, Harun N, Khan SM, Ahmad Z, Han H, Yoo S, Raposo A

Heliyon

27-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10998220
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28613
PMID:	38586350

Vegetation–edaphic correlation and importance value index in himalayan ‘ecotone’ temperate conifer forest using the multivariate technique

Ali F, Zeb M, Amin M, Rajpar MN, Hidayat S, Khan WR

Saudi J Biol Sci

24-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11000104
doi:	10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103983
PMID:	38590389

Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Pinaceae Species

Ancuceanu R, Anghel AI, Hovaneț MV, Ciobanu AM, Lascu BE, Dinu M

Antioxidants (Basel)

26-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10967544
doi:	10.3390/antiox13030286
PMID:	38539820

Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

12-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10784871
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8495
PMID:	38222930

Digital image correlation techniques for motion analysis and biomechanical characterization of plants

Mylo MD, Poppinga S

Front Plant Sci

11-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10808816
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1335445
PMID:	38273955

Structural and Functional Strategies in Cenchrus Species to Combat Environmental Extremities Imposed by Multiple Abiotic Stresses

Basharat S, Ahmad F, Hameed M, Ahmad MS, Asghar A, Fatima S, Ahmad KS, Shah SM, Hashem A, Avila-Quezada GD, Abd_Allah EF, Abbas Z

Plants (Basel)

11-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10818359
doi:	10.3390/plants13020203
PMID:	38256756

Early onset of aridity in the past millennium: Insights from vegetation dynamics and climate change in the alpine, cold-desert region of Trans Himalaya, India

Mohanty RB, Mishra AK, Mishra K, Yadava AK, Quamar MF, Barua IC, Kar R

PLoS One

10-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10781162
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0295785
PMID:	38198444

Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny Reveal Five New Species of Laccaria (Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales) from Southern China

Zhang M, Gao XL, Mu LQ, Deng WQ

J Fungi (Basel)

08-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10744585
doi:	10.3390/jof9121179
PMID:	38132780

Ethnobotany for food security and ecological transition: wild food plant gathering and consumption among four cultural groups in Kurram District, NW Pakistan

Hussain ST, Muhammad S, Khan S, Hussain W, Pieroni A

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

01-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10472554
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00607-2
PMID:	37658453

Phylogeny and species diversity of the genus Helvella with emphasis on eighteen new species from China

Mao N, Xu Y, Zhang YX, Zhou H, Huang XB, Hou CL, Fan L

Fungal Syst Evol

29-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10964050
doi:	10.3114/fuse.2023.12.08
PMID:	38533478

A brighter shade of future climate on Himalayan musk deer Moschus leucogaster

Mainali KP, Singh PB, Evans M, Adhikari A, Hu Y, Hu H

Sci Rep

07-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10406878
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-39481-z
PMID:	37550330

Potential use of barks of woody vascular plants in bone mending: A review

Joshi DD, Deb L, Somkuwar BG, Rana VS

Saudi Pharm J

27-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10406872
doi:	10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101714
PMID:	37559869

Shifts in the Distribution Range and Niche Dynamics of the Globally Threatened Western Tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalus) Due to Climate Change and Human Population Pressure

Jameel MA, Nadeem MS, Haq SM, Mubeen I, Shabbir A, Aslam S, Ahmad R, Gaafar AR, Al-Munqedhi BM, Bussmann RW

Biology (Basel)

17-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10376776
doi:	10.3390/biology12071015
PMID:	37508444

Niche suitability and spatial distribution patterns of anurans in a unique Ecoregion mosaic of Northern Pakistan

Rais M, Nawaz MA, Gray RJ, Qadir W, Ali SM, Saeed M, Akram A, Ahmed W, Sajjad A, Leston L

PLoS One

15-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10270595
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0285867
PMID:	37319174

Pest categorisation of Coleosporium eupatorii

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL

EFSA J

24-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10208091
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8020
PMID:	37234271

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
2-Propenal, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-	9984	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC=O)O	178.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde	5280536	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC=O)O	178.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
Vanillin	1183	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=O)O	152.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Wax esters / Wax monoesters
Octyl palmitate	85651	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC	368.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols
15-Nonacosanol	18459409	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)O	424.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-beta-Pinene	440967	Click to see CC1(C2CCC(=C)C1C2)C	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Borneol, (-)-	1201518	Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(+)-alpha-Terpineol	442501	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(C)(C)O	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Betulin	72326	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
Lup-20(29)-ene-3beta,28-diol	221023	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO	442.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	99600317	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	416.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
(5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-3,3-dimethoxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene	162922038	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CCC(C4)(OC)OC)C)C)C(C)C	460.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
17-(5-Ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one	12442813	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CCC(=O)C4)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	6743	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	416.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
17-(5-Ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-3,3-dimethoxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene	162922037	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CCC(C4)(OC)OC)C)C)C(C)C	460.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
5alpha-Stigmastan-3-one	5491512	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CCC(=O)C4)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
5beta-Stigmastan-3beta-ol, (24S)-	6451614	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	416.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
Beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
Acetovanillone	2214	Click to see CC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)OC	166.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.200900089
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
Pinocembrin	68071	Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3	256.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols
Pinobanksin	73202	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	272.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
7-Hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenylchromen-5-olate	25200543	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)[O-]	253.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chrysin	5281607	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Galangin	5281616	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Izalpinin	5318691	Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC(=C(C2=O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3)O	284.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
4',5-Dihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavon-7-olate(1-)	25203524	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)[O-]	299.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
(2R,3R)-alpinone	46883390	Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC(C(C2=O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3)O	286.28	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tectochrysin	5281954	Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC=CC=C3)O	268.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
Pinosylvin methyl ether	5281719	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2	226.27	unknown	via CMAUP database

Biological Material Top

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Pinus wallichiana

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top