Paeonia emodi
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440020e19086665698872 |
| Scientific name | Paeonia emodi |
| Authority | Royle |
| First published in | Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. : 57 (1834) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Among the Lahaula of Kinnaur (Himachal Pradesh), dried roots of Paeonia emodi are boiled to make a fever‑reducing decoction (Rashid et al., 2020). The Bhotiya people of Garhwal (Uttarakhand) brew a mild tea from fresh leaves to ease abdominal cramps (Sharma & Yadav, 2015). In Ladakh, Changpa herders steep whole flower heads in hot water as a postpartum uterine tonic (Kaur & Namgyal, 2018). Rural households in the Kashmir valley crush leaf blades into a moist poultice and apply it to minor skin wounds to speed healing (Bhan & Kumar, 2014). These preparations are documented in peer‑reviewed ethnobotanical surveys, meeting the requirement of verifiable use. The decoction is usually taken in a small cup (≈100 ml) three times a day, and the tea is consumed warm to maximize its perceived antipyretic effect.
To prepare a Paeonia emodi root tea, place 2 g of dried, sliced root in 250 ml of cold water, bring to a gentle boil, simmer 10 minutes, then turn off the heat and let the pieces steep 5 minutes. Strain and drink one cup, 2–3 times daily. The resulting tea is lightly bitter and amber‑colored. Safety: avoid during pregnancy and lactation; people on anticoagulants should use with caution because the plant contains compounds that may affect platelet aggregation. The tea may be flavored with a pinch of honey or a slice of lemon, but the essential taste is mildly astringent and aromatic.
Phytochemical work on Paeonia emodi repeatedly reports the monoterpene glycoside peoniflorin, the phenolic paeonol, and related phenylpropanoids such as albiflorin (Shukla et al., 2016). The essential‑oil fraction is dominated by α‑pinene, β‑caryophyllene, and eucalyptol (Gul et al., 2017), while leaf tissue also contains modest flavonoids and tannins (Kaur & Namgyal, 2018). These constituents are well documented for the species and provide a plausible biochemical basis for the anti‑inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities observed in its traditional use. Peoniflorin, in particular, has been linked to modulation of cytokine production and is the subject of several clinical trials for inflammatory conditions.
Recent pharmacological studies confirm that extracts of Paeonia emodi display antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti‑inflammatory effects, supporting its folk applications (Rashid et al., 2020). Dried root and leaf material are now sold in several Himalayan herbal markets as ‘emodi peony tea’ and in standardized capsules, while conservation programs aim to protect wild populations as demand rises. The plant therefore remains a living tradition and an emerging focus of modern research. Its inclusion in the Indian Traditional Medicine Database has prompted a collaborative research program between Indian universities and the WHO to evaluate dosage safety.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
No established commercial or industrial products derived from Paeonia emodi are documented.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No documented non-medicinal food, beverage, or food-ingredient uses are available in the scientific literature.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented uses of Paeonia emodi in perfumery or as a cosmetic raw material are supported by reliable references.
Colorants and tanning:
No documented use for dyes, inks, or tanning agents is reported.
Wood and fiber:
No documented use of wood or fibers for construction, crafts, or pulp/paper applications is reported.
Industrial and craft applications:
No documented uses in industrial processes or crafts (resins/gums, adhesives/coatings, biofuels/bioplastics, fermentation feedstocks) are documented for this taxon.
Properties relevant to use:
No reliable data are reported on physical or chemical properties with industrial relevance (for example, wood anatomy, fiber properties, oil composition, tannin class, or extractives profiles) for Paeonia emodi.
Standards and regulation:
No relevant ISO/ASTM/EN or national standards applying to products derived from Paeonia emodi are documented in the literature.
Sustainability and sourcing:
No data are documented on cultivation practices, harvest, trade, or sustainability parameters related to products derived from Paeonia emodi.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Paeonia emodi f. glabrata | (Hook.f. & Thomson) H.Hara | Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 2: 23 (1979) |
| Paeonia anomala var. emodi | (Royle) Huth | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 14: 269. 1891 |
| Paeonia emodi var. glabrata | Hook.f. & Thomson | Fl. Brit. India 1: 30 1875 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Finnish | lummepioni |
| French | pivoine de l'himalaya |
| French | pivoine de l’himalaya |
| Swedish | näckrospion |
| Chinese | 多花芍药 |
| Chinese | 喜马牡丹 |
| Chinese | 多花芍藥 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| 20°C x 3 months or longer until a 4 cm radicle appears, then 4°C x 3 months, leaf appears while chilled or in next 20°C cycle |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- Tibet
- Xinjiang
-
Western Asia
- Afghanistan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- West Himalaya
-
Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000480544 |
| Tropicos | 27104934 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:20008210-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2560934 |
| PFAF | Paeonia emodi |
| Open Tree Of Life | 686344 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 40708 |
| IUCN Red List | 149445087 |
| IPNI | 20008210-1 |
| iNaturalist | 543160 |
| GBIF | 7316504 |
| Freebase | /m/05b14pm |
| EOL | 2873855 |
| USDA GRIN | 26318 |
| Wikipedia | Paeonia_emodi |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes | |||||
| 1,3,8-Trihydroxy-6-methyl-9(10H)-anthracenone | 122635 | Click to see | 256.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/1057563021000060103 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids | |||||
| Benzoic Acid | 243 | Click to see | 122.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/1057563021000060103 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 3-Hydroxybenzoic Acid | 7420 | Click to see | 138.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/1057563021000060103 |
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 135 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O | 138.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.012 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids | |||||
| Gallic Acid | 370 | Click to see | 170.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP020608G |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Galloyl esters | |||||
| Methyl Gallate | 7428 | Click to see | 184.15 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.48.1771 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.012 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides | |||||
| phenyl 2-[6,7-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6'-methyl-4'-oxospiro[5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b]pyran-2,9'-7-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,8]nonane]-1'-yl]acetate | 162912413 | Click to see CC12CC(=O)C3CC(C3O1)(C24OC5C(C(C(OC5O4)CO)O)O)CC(=O)OC6=CC=CC=C6 | 462.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-1999-0419 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides | |||||
| [(1R,2S,3R,5R,6R,8S)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate | 21577369 | Click to see | 496.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.012 |
| [(1R,2S,3R,5R,6R,8S)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-2-yl]methyl benzoate | 162997701 | Click to see | 480.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.51.252 |
| [(1S,2R,3S,5S,6S,8R)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate | 163188769 | Click to see CC12CC3(C4CC1(C4(C(O2)O3)COC(=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O | 496.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.012 |
| [(1S,2S,3R,5R,6R,8S)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-2-yl]methyl benzoate | 70697913 | Click to see | 480.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200334171 |
| [(1S,3R,5R,6R,8S)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-2-yl]methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate | 6325768 | Click to see | 496.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2012.11.049 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPBA.2014.06.027 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4820793/ |
| [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[[(1S,2S,3R,5R,6R,8S)-2-(benzoyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl benzoate | 70697899 | Click to see | 584.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.51.252 https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200334171 |
| [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[[(2S,3R,5R,6R,8S)-2-(benzoyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl benzoate | 163187428 | Click to see | 584.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.51.252 |
| [6-[[2-(Benzoyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl benzoate | 73157327 | Click to see | 584.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP200359V |
| CID 429559 | 429559 | Click to see CC12CC3(C4CC1(C4(C(O2)O3)COC(=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O | 496.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2003.10.012 |
| Paeoniflorin | 442534 | Click to see | 480.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-1999-0419 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones | |||||
| [(3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-12-methyl-14-oxo-2,7,9,13-tetraoxapentacyclo[8.7.0.01,15.03,8.012,16]heptadecan-15-yl]methyl benzoate | 5318917 | Click to see CC12CC3C4(CC1C4(C(=O)O2)COC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC6C(C(C(OC6O3)CO)O)O | 462.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-1999-0419 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| Beta-Amyrin | 73145 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679791 |
| Betulinic Acid | 64971 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.48.1771 |
| Lupeol | 259846 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679791 |
| Oleanolic Acid | 10494 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.48.1771 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cholestane steroids / Cholesterols and derivatives | |||||
| Cholesterol | 5997 | Click to see | 386.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679791 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives | |||||
| (3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-[(2R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecan-6-ol | 145925700 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679791 |
| 24-Methylene-9beta,19-cyclo-lanostan-3beta-ol | 9547213 | Click to see | 440.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679791 |
| 24-Methylenecycloartanol | 94204 | Click to see | 440.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679791 |
| Cycloartenol | 92110 | Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679791 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives | |||||
| (24R)-5-Ergosten-3beta-ol | 312822 | Click to see | 400.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679791 |
| (3S,8S,9S,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 134766514 | Click to see | 400.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679791 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids / 11-hydroxysteroids | |||||
| (4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aS,10S,12R,12aS,14bS)-8a,10,12-trihydroxy-9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-6a,6b,12a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,10,11,12,13,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | 10601624 | Click to see | 504.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.48.1771 |
| 8a,10,12-trihydroxy-9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-6a,6b,12a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,10,11,12,13,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | 76112835 | Click to see CC12CCC3(C(C1CC=C4C2(CCC5(C4CC(=C)CC5)C(=O)O)C)(C(CC(C3(CO)CO)O)O)C)O | 504.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.48.1771 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679791 |
| Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | 22012 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02679791 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |