Liquidambar orientalis
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
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Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ff48f41aa3850634452 |
| Scientific name | Liquidambar orientalis |
| Authority | Mill. |
| First published in | Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 2 (1768) |
Description Top
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Liquidambar Orientalis, also known as oriental sweetgum or Turkish sweetgum, is a deciduous tree native to the eastern Mediterranean region. It can grow up to 30-35 meters tall and is known for its colorful autumn leaves. The tree prefers moist and rich soils and is found mainly in southwestern Turkey and on the Greek island of Rhodes. Its bark is grayish when young and turns brown with age. The tree produces unisexual flowers in March and April, which later turn into prickly cones. The seeds are wind dispersed and have small wings. The tree is an important part of the local economies in Greece and Turkey, as its sap is used to produce a balsam oil called sığla yağı. However, the species is facing threats due to deforestation and dam construction in its habitat. Efforts are being made to protect and preserve this species, which is considered a symbol of Turkey's biodiversity.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Liquidambar imberbis | Aiton | Hort. Kew. 3: 365 (1789) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | oriental sweetgum |
| Arabic | عنبر دماع شرقي |
| Arabic | الميعة |
| Czech | ambroň východní |
| Persian | شیرینژد خاوری |
| Finnish | idänambrapuu |
| Hebrew | ליקווידמבר מזרחי |
| Norwegian Bokmål | orientalsk ambratre |
| Polish | ambrowiec wschodni |
| Swedish | ambraträd |
| Turkish | sığla |
| Turkish | anadolu sığla ağacı |
| Vietnamese | sâu đông |
| Chinese | 苏合香 |
| Chinese | 合香 |
| Chinese | 蘇合香樹 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Western Asia
- East Aegean Islands
- Turkey
-
Western Asia
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000364076 |
| UNII | 759QNU787E |
| USDA Plants | LIOR2 |
| Tropicos | 50066391 |
| Flora of Italy | 9883 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:430714-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2348980 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 291500 |
| PaleoBotany | 17807 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 519500 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 63360 |
| IUCN Red List | 62556 |
| IPNI | 430714-1 |
| iNaturalist | 356068 |
| GBIF | 3152825 |
| Freebase | /m/02r59sv |
| EPPO | LIQOR |
| EOL | 483571 |
| USDA GRIN | 22378 |
| Wikipedia | Liquidambar_orientalis |
| CMAUP | NPO10256 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives | |||||
| 1-Phenylethanol | 7409 | Click to see CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)O | 122.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1,3-Diethylbenzene | 8864 | Click to see CCC1=CC(=CC=C1)CC | 134.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-Phenyl-1-propanol | 31234 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCO | 136.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Benzaldehyde, oxime, (Z)- | 5324470 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=NO | 121.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Trimethylbenzene | 10686 | Click to see CC1=C(C(=CC=C1)C)C | 120.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Aminobenzoic acids and derivatives / Aminobenzoic acids | |||||
| 2-((Carboxymethyl)amino)-4-chlorobenzoic acid | 11107141 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)NCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | 229.62 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters | |||||
| Benzyl Benzoate | 2345 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2 | 212.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Vanillic Acid | 8468 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O | 168.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives | |||||
| Benzaldehyde | 240 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=O | 106.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols | |||||
| Benzyl Alcohol | 244 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CO | 108.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylpropanes | |||||
| 2-(4-Methylphenyl)propan-2-ol | 14529 | Click to see CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)O | 150.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Styrenes | |||||
| Styrene | 7501 | Click to see C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 | 104.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| trans-beta-Methylstyrene | 252325 | Click to see CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 | 118.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Hydrophenanthrenes | |||||
| 1,4a,7-Trimethyl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a-decahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid | 20744630 | Click to see CC1CCC2C(=C1)CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C | 276.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols | |||||
| 2,3,6-Trideuterio-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde | 11389509 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=O)O | 155.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Vanillin | 1183 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=O)O | 152.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons | |||||
| gamma-Terpinene | 7461 | Click to see CC1=CCC(=CC1)C(C)C | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols | |||||
| Cinnamyl ricinoleate | 129711932 | Click to see CCCCCCC(CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1)O | 414.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(92)90067-C |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,4aR,4bS,7S)-7-ethenyl-1,4a,7-trimethyl-3,4,4b,5,6,8,10,10a-octahydro-2H-phenanthrene-1-carboxylate | 25201251 | Click to see CC1(CCC2C(=CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C(=O)[O-])C)C1)C=C | 301.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,4aS,10aR)-7-Isopropyl-1,4a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid | 10017708 | Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3(CCCC(C3CC2)(C)C(=O)O)C | 300.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(92)90067-C |
| (1R,4aS)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate | 25203731 | Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3(CCCC(C3CC2)(C)C(=O)[O-])C | 299.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Abietic acid | 10569 | Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=CCC3C(C2CC1)(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C | 302.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(92)90067-C |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| Linalyl propionate | 61098 | Click to see CCC(=O)OC(C)(CCC=C(C)C)C=C | 210.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids | |||||
| p-CYMENE | 7463 | Click to see CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C | 134.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| (-)-Camphene | 440966 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C2)C1=C)C | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (-)-Myrtenal | 1201529 | Click to see CC1(C2CC=C(C1C2)C=O)C | 150.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (+)-alpha-Pinene | 82227 | Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (+)-Camphene | 92221 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C2)C1=C)C | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,3R,5S)-6,6-Dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-ol | 12314318 | Click to see CC1(C2CC1C(=C)C(C2)O)C | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S)-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene | 12223113 | Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one | 23308299 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(=O)C2)C)C | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5S)-4-methylidene-1-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane | 6429260 | Click to see CC(C)C12CCC(=C)C1C2 | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1R,5R)-6,6-dimethyl-2-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-enyl]methanol | 6973635 | Click to see CC1(C2CC=C(C1C2)CO)C | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| alpha-PINENE | 6654 | Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| beta-Pinene | 14896 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC(=C)C1C2)C | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Myrtenal | 61130 | Click to see CC1(C2CC=C(C1C2)C=O)C | 150.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Verbenene | 6427476 | Click to see CC1(C2CC1C(=C)C=C2)C | 134.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| (-)-cis-Carveol | 330573 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1O)C(=C)C | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 4-Terpineol, (+/-)- | 11230 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| alpha-Terpinene | 7462 | Click to see CC1=CC=C(CC1)C(C)C | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Carvone, (+)- | 16724 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1=O)C(=C)C | 150.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Limonene, (-)- | 439250 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Terpinolene | 11463 | Click to see CC1=CCC(=C(C)C)CC1 | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Monocyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| 2-(2,2,3-Trimethylcyclopent-3-en-1-yl)acetaldehyde | 98497 | Click to see CC1=CCC(C1(C)C)CC=O | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-delta-Cadinene | 441005 | Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(=C2CC1)C)C(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (+)-Longicyclene | 16217633 | Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C3C1C4C2(C4C3)C)C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (+)(-)-(E)-beta-caryophyllene | 14757966 | Click to see CC1(CC2C1CCC(=C)CCCC2=C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene | 5322111 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (Z)-caryophyllene | 6429301 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Caryophyllene | 5281515 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Caryophyllene oxide 2 | 13240188 | Click to see CC1(CC2C1CCC3(C(O3)CCC2=C)C)C | 220.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Caryophyllene,alpha + beta mixt. | 5354499 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Copaene | 19725 | Click to see CC1=CCC2C3C1C2(CCC3C(C)C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Longifolene | 289151 | Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C3C1C(C2=C)CC3)C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| 3-Epioleanolic acid | 11869658 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid | 619166 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Oleanonic acid | 12313704 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C | 454.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carbothioic S-acids | |||||
| pentadecanethioic S-acid | 18413781 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)S | 258.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Aryl-aldehydes | |||||
| 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural | 237332 | Click to see C1=C(OC(=C1)C=O)CO | 126.11 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones | |||||
| 3'-Methylacetophenone | 11455 | Click to see CC1=CC(=CC=C1)C(=O)C | 134.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Acetophenone | 7410 | Click to see CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 | 120.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Acetophenone-2',3',4',5',6'-d5 | 11457690 | Click to see CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 | 125.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamaldehydes | |||||
| Cinnamaldehyde | 637511 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC=O | 132.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acid esters | |||||
| 2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, 3-phenyl-2-propenyl ester | 31224 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CCOC(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 | 264.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(92)90067-C |
| Cinnamyl cinnamate | 1550890 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CCOC(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 | 264.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(92)90067-C |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acids | |||||
| 2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl- | 8784 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O | 148.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(92)90067-C |
| Cinnamic acid | 444539 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O | 148.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(92)90067-C |
| cis-Cinnamic acid | 5372954 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O | 148.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| p-Coumaric acid | 637542 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)O)O | 164.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamyl alcohols | |||||
| 1-Dideuterio-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol | 10534709 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CCO | 136.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cinnamyl alcohol | 5315892 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CCO | 134.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones | |||||
| Derricidin | 5961410 | Click to see CC(=CCOC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2)O)C | 308.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Phenylpropanoic acids | |||||
| 3-Phenylpropionic acid | 107 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC(=O)O | 150.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |