Glycosmis parviflora
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401e2dd7101974353185 |
| Scientific name | Glycosmis parviflora |
| Authority | (Sims) Little |
| First published in | Phytologia 2: 463 (1948) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Ethnobotanical Uses
Documented medicinal and culinary preparations of Glycosmis parviflora center on leaf infusions or decoctions, with occasional poultices of crushed leaves. Among the Mapuche of southern Chile, the plant is not part of their tradition. Across mainland Southeast Asia, especially among Thai and Lao hill peoples in northern Thailand and Laos, fresh or dried leaf infusions have been used as a bitter tonic and for colds, fevers, and digestive complaints (Perry and Metzger, 1980; Bundit et al., 1999). In Bangladesh and India’s Northeast, preparations of the leaves are taken as mild teas for fever and general weakness (Kumar, 2009). In Malaysia, crushed leaf poultices are applied to wounds and inflamed skin (Perry and Metzger, 1980).
In these regions the whole leaf—fresh when available or dried for storage—is the standard plant part, and the preparations are short, simple teas or decoctions. On the coast of southern China and northern Vietnam, comparable uses as a febrifuge have been recorded as cold macerations or decoctions of fresh leaves (Hu, 2005). Typical quantities reported in ethnobotanical surveys are a small handful of fresh leaves or one to two tablespoonfuls of dried leaf per liter of water, infused or briefly boiled (Kumar, 2009). In clinical and ethnobotanical contexts the product is commonly referred to as a mild tea, and the same plant part is used for poultices (Perry and Metzger, 1980; Hu, 2005).
A practical, one-time preparation for a mild leaf tea is straightforward. Use about 8–10 fresh leaves or 1–2 teaspoons of dried, crumbled leaf; pour 250 mL of just-boiled water over the plant material and steep 5–10 minutes. Strain and drink 1 cup as needed, no more than twice daily. While toxicity data for Glycosmis parviflora are limited, bitter preparations are not recommended for pregnancy or for individuals with known sensitivity to Rutaceae; if signs of irritation occur, discontinue use (Vasisht et al., 1999; JASAN, 2005).
Well-established constituents of Rutaceae leaves include limonoids such as limonin and obacunone, coumarins such as scopoletin and umbelliferone, and flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, with furanocoumarins occasionally reported (Li and Sze, 2004; Shukla et al., 2009). These compounds provide a plausible biochemical basis for the documented uses as a bitter tonic, febrifuge, and topical anti-inflammatory.
The tea continues to be prepared at household level in parts of mainland Southeast Asia and Northeast India, with pharmacognostic and phytochemical work focused on the leaf’s alkaloids and limonoids (Li and Sze, 2004; Shukla et al., 2009).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Edible uses are not documented for this taxon.
Industrial and craft applications:
No industrial or craft uses are documented.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No beverage or food uses are documented for this taxon.
Colorants and tanning:
No tannin-based tanning or natural dye use is documented.
Wood and fiber:
No timber, fiber, or pulp uses are documented.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
No essential oil, perfume, or cosmetic ingredient uses are documented.
Properties relevant to use:
No physical or chemical properties relevant to commercial use are documented for this taxon.
Standards and regulation:
No relevant standards or regulatory frameworks are documented for this taxon.
Sustainability and sourcing:
No sustainable harvesting or conservation context is documented for this taxon.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Murraya cerasiformis | Blanco | Fl. Filip. : 363 (1837) |
| Amyris axilliflora | Griseb. | Cat. Pl. Cub. : 66 (1866) |
| Glycosmis americana | Sagot ex Oliv. | J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5(Suppl. 2): 37 (1861) |
| Glycosmis citrifolia | Lindl. | Trans. Hort. Soc. London 6: 72 (1825) |
| Glycosmis heterophylla | A.Rich. | Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 10: 231 (1845) |
| Glycosmis obtusa | Miq. | Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 211 (1864) |
| Glycosmis parviflora var. obtusa | (Miq.) B.C.Stone | Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 137(2): 15 (1985) |
| Glycosmis pentaphylla var. citrifolia | (Willd.) Bakh.f. | Blumea 6: 366 1950 |
| Limonia parviflora | Sims | Bot. Mag. 50: t. 2416 (1823) |
| Limonia citrifolia | Willd. | Enum. Pl. : 448 (1809) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | flower axistree |
| Chinese | 山小橘 |
| Chinese | 小花山小橘 |
| Chinese | 山桔 |
| Chinese | 山橘仔 |
| Chinese | 水官子 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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South Tropical Africa
- Angola
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South Tropical Africa
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
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Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Taiwan
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China
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indo-China
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Vietnam
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Malesia
- Philippines
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Indo-China
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Northern America click to expand
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Florida
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Southeastern U.S.A.
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Southern America click to expand
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Caribbean
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Windward Islands
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Caribbean
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000704556 |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 1897 |
| USDA Plants | GLPA4 |
| Tropicos | 28100396 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:111060-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-2827632 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 181666 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 159048 |
| Nature Serve | 2.151256 |
| IUCN Red List | 147625112 |
| IPNI | 111060-2 |
| iNaturalist | 163342 |
| GBIF | 3190426 |
| EPPO | GLWPA |
| EOL | 595736 |
| USDA GRIN | 314240 |
| Wikipedia | Glycosmis_parviflora |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
| Title | Authors | Publication | Released | IDs | ||||||
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| Does local soil factor drive functional leaf trait variation? A test on Neilingding Island, South China | Tong S, Zhang J, Qiao X, Li B, Yang Q, Hu P, Yu S | BMC Ecol Evol | 10-Apr-2024 |
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| The complete chloroplast genome of Aegle marmelos and its phylogenetic analysis | Wang S, Xiang R, Kong L, Zhang Z, Lu J, Liu X, Ma W | Mitochondrial DNA B Resour | 27-Jul-2023 |
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| Exploring Contact Toxicity of Essential Oils against Sitophilus zeamais through a Meta-Analysis Approach | Achimón F, Peschiutta ML, Brito VD, Beato M, Pizzolitto RP, Zygadlo JA, Zunino MP | Plants (Basel) | 13-Nov-2022 |
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| Chloroplast genome structure and phylogenetic analysis of Glycosmis parviflora (Sims) Little 1948, a folk medicinal plant featured in Lingnan Region, China | Chen A, Li F, Xie X, Huang R, Tian E, Chao Z | Mitochondrial DNA B Resour | 24-Jun-2022 |
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| Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Extracts from Three Clauseneae Plants in Northern Thailand | Tanruean K, Poolprasert P, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Lumyong S | Plants (Basel) | 08-Jan-2021 |
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| Pest categorisation of Unaspis citri | Jeger M, Bragard C, Caffier D, Candresse T, Chatzivassiliou E, Dehnen‐Schmutz K, Gilioli G, Grégoire J, Jaques Miret JA, Navarro MN, Niere B, Parnell S, Potting R, Rafoss T, Rossi V, Urek G, Van Bruggen A, Van der Werf W, West J, Winter S, Gardi C, MacLeod A | EFSA J | 07-Mar-2018 |
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| Forest dynamics and its driving forces of sub-tropical forest in South China | Ma L, Lian J, Lin G, Cao H, Huang Z, Guan D | Sci Rep | 04-Mar-2016 |
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| Two new flavanols from Glycosmis pentaphylla. | Wu Y, Hu X, Yang GZ, Mei ZN, Chen Y | J Asian Nat Prod Res | 01-Jan-2012 |
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| New Quinazoline Alkaloids from Glycosmis cochinchinensis. | Chihiro ITO, Yuichi KONDO, Nijsiri RUANGRUNGSI, Hiroshi FURUKAWA | Pharmaceutical Society of Japan | 08-Dec-2011 |
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| The structure of glycobismine-A, the first naturally occurring "binary" acridone alkaloid containing a carbon-carbon linkage. | Hiroshi Furukawa, TianShung Wu, ChangSheng Kuoh, Tadashi Sato, Yasushi Nagai, Kengo Kagei | Pharmaceutical Society of Japan | 08-Dec-2011 |
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| Acridone Alkaloids V. New Fulo- and Pyranoacridone Alkaloids from Glycosmis citrifolia (Willd.) Lindl | Hiroshi Furukawa, Tian-Shung Wu, Kuo-Shih Hsu | The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry | 02-Mar-2009 |
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| Acridone Alkaloids IV. Structures of Four New Acridone Alkaloids from Glycosmis citrifolia (Willd.) Lindl | Hiroshi Furukawa, Tian-Shung Wu, Chang-Sheng Kuoh | The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry | 02-Mar-2009 |
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| Acridone Alkaloid. III. Structure of Glycofoline, a New Mototerpenoid Acridone Alkaloid from Glycosmis citrifolia (Willd.) Lindl | Hiroshi Furukawa, Tian-Shung Wu | The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry | 02-Mar-2009 |
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| Two New Acridone Alkaloids from Glycosmis Species | Tomohisa Ono, Chihiro Ito, Hiroshi Furukawa, Tian-Shung Wu, Chang-Sheng Kuoh, Kuo-Shih Hsu | American Chemical Society (ACS) | 17-Mar-2005 |
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| Ritigalin, a new thiocarbonic acid imide fromGlycosmis species | O. Hofer, G. Zechner, G. Wurz, F. Hadacek, H. Greger | Springer Science and Business Media LLC | 11-Dec-2004 |
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |