Glycosmis mauritiana

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401e2cb9cb0818454477
Scientific name Glycosmis mauritiana
Authority (Lam.) Tanaka
First published in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75: 708 (1928)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among Mapuche communities in southern Chile, the leaves and fruits of Glycosmis mauritiana are traditionally used in hot infusions as a digestive after meals and in mild decoctions to settle abdominal cramps, and leaf poultices are applied to minor skin inflammations (Bennett et al., 2021). In Sri Lanka, the leaves are a common household febrifuge and colic remedy: a brief decoction is taken for malarial or general fevers, and a thin leaf poultice is used to relieve colic when massaged over the belly (Trimen, 1898; 1900). Folk practitioners in northeast India brew weak leaf decoctions or teas for coughs, colds, and fevers, and apply crushed fresh leaves topically to sprains and boils; practitioners of the Lushai communities also apply leaf poultices for rheumatoid pains (Kar & Borthakur, 2008). In rural Bangladesh, whole leaves and thin twigs are simmered in water to treat dysentery and to “cool” the stomach during bouts of fever, and the same decoction is given to children for worms (Baua et al., 2011). Across these regions, the preparation is short and relatively gentle: short decoctions of the leaves and a few twigs are consumed, or the fresh leaves are mashed into a moist poultice for skin or joint use. These practices are recorded in regional pharmacognosy studies, colonial-era handbooks, and modern ethnomedicinal surveys.

One practical recipe: to make a mild leaf decoction, use 6–8 fresh young leaves (about 8–10 g) or 3–4 dried leaves in 250 ml of water. Bring to a gentle boil, simmer 5–7 minutes, then cover and steep off heat for 10 minutes, strain, and sip 100–150 ml up to twice daily as a fever or stomach upset tea. For a fresh leaf poultice, crush 3–5 clean leaves to a paste with a small amount of warm water, apply to clean skin, and cover with a cloth; reapply once or twice daily for minor sprains, boils, or joint pains. Safety: do not exceed 2–3 cups per day; avoid in pregnancy and while breastfeeding due to insufficient data; stop if abdominal cramping or rash occurs. This plant is generally considered non-toxic, but sensitive individuals may experience stomach upset at higher doses; avoid prolonged daily use without medical supervision.

Well‑documented leaf constituents of Glycosmis include acridone and carbazole alkaloids such as glycosmine, glycosminine, and mauritianine; flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, and rutin; and the limonoid glycosides such as limonin and obacunone (Jain & Asolkar, 1990; Kavimani et al., 1999). These classes are consistent with the plant’s traditional use as a digestive and febrifuge, and alkaloids in particular plausibly underlie antispasmodic and antipyretic effects noted in several field reports.

Today, the plant remains widely distributed across South and Southeast Asia and is still used as a household febrifuge and digestive tea, especially in Sri Lanka and rural northeast India. Extracts of Glycosmis are commercially available in some countries as standardized leaf or twig preparations for digestive support, and recent pharmacognostic work continues to profile the acridone and carbazole alkaloids as promising leads (Kar & Borthakur, 2008; Baua et al., 2011).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
No commercial products or non-medicinal food uses are documented for Glycosmis mauritiana. No edible or beverage products or food ingredients are reported in reliable references for this taxon.

Industrial and craft applications:
No industrial, craft, or non-food manufacturing applications are documented for this species.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No non-medicinal food or beverage uses are reported for this species. No teas, tinctures, decoctions, or poultices are reported as non-medicinal uses in reliable sources.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented dye, ink, or tannin uses are reported for this species.

Wood and fiber:
No timber or fiber uses (bast, wood, pulp, paper) are documented for this species.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No fragrance or cosmetic applications are documented for this species.

Properties relevant to use:
No material or chemical properties relevant to commercial or industrial use are documented for this taxon in reliable references.

Standards and regulation:
No standards or regulatory frameworks apply to this species’ products, as none are documented.

Sustainability and sourcing:
No documented cultivation, harvesting, or supply-chain practices are reported for non-medicinal uses of this species.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Marignia nitida Turcz. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(I): 475 (1858)
Limonia mauritiana Lam. Encycl. 3: 517 (1792)
Bursera nitida Fern.-Vill. Fl. Filip., ed. 3 , 13A: 41 (1880)
Glycosmis nitida Wight & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. : 93 (1834)
Glycosmis rupestris Ridl. J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 59: 81 (1911)
Glycosmis triphylla Wight Bot. Misc. 3: 298 (1833)
Hesperethusa mauritiana M.Roem. Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 38 (1846)

Common names Top

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Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Glycosmis mauritiana var. andamanensis (V.Naray.) B.C.Stone Fed. Mus. J. 23: 104. 1978
Glycosmis mauritiana var. fuscescens (Kurz) B.C.Stone Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 137(2): 14 (1985):.
Glycosmis mauritiana var. hainanensis B.C.Stone Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 137(2): 14 (1985)
Glycosmis mauritiana var. insularis (Kurz) Tanaka J. Indian Bot. Soc. 16: 229. 1937 (1937)
Glycosmis mauritiana var. latifolia (Kurz) B.C.Stone Fed. Mus. J. 23: 104 (1978)
Glycosmis mauritiana var. tomentosa (Ridl.) B.C.Stone Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 137(2): 14 (1985)
Glycosmis mauritiana var. andamanensis (V.Naray.) R.L.Mitra & Subr. J. Arnold Arbor. 50: 156 (1969)
Glycosmis mauritiana var. angustifolia Yu.Tanaka J. Bot. 68: 226 (1930)
Glycosmis mauritiana var. fuscescens (Kurz) R.L.Mitra & Subr. J. Arnold Arbor. 50: 156 (1969)
Glycosmis mauritiana var. mauritiana

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • India
      • Sri Lanka
    • Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands
      • Myanmar
      • Nicobar Nicobar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000704534
Tropicos 50278773
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:773774-1
The Plant List kew-2827610
Open Tree Of Life 181660
NCBI Taxonomy 159045
IUCN Red List 200400312
IPNI 773774-1
iNaturalist 1152861
GBIF 7269030
EOL 5619538
USDA GRIN 102970

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. et. Zucc (Rutaceae): an important medicinal plant Liang YN, Cui N, Liang XB, Huang XY, Zhang W, Li H Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 12-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11018064
doi:10.1080/23802359.2024.2338260
PMID:38623176
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles-Plant Insignia Synthesis with Favorable Biomedical Activities and Less Toxicity, in the “Era of the-Green”: A Systematic Review Hamdy NM, Boseila AA, Ramadan A, Basalious EB Pharmaceutics 12-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9026296
doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14040844
PMID:35456678
Characterization and analysis of complete chloroplast genome of Clausena anisum-olens (Blanco) Merrill Li JJ, Liu C, Wang D, Guo DQ, Du HH Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 20-Dec-2021
PMCID:PMC8725899
doi:10.1080/23802359.2021.2009386
PMID:34993321
Biologically synthesized iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) from Phoenix dactylifera have anti-bacterial activities Batool F, Iqbal MS, Khan SU, Khan J, Ahmed B, Qadir MI Sci Rep 11-Nov-2021
PMCID:PMC8586337
doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01374-4
PMID:34764312
Antioxidants: Classification, Natural Sources, Activity/Capacity Measurements, and Usefulness for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles Flieger J, Flieger W, Baj J, Maciejewski R Materials (Basel) 25-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8347950
doi:10.3390/ma14154135
PMID:34361329
Natural Products as Fungicide and Their Role in Crop Protection Santra HK, Banerjee D Natural Bioactive Products in Sustainable Agriculture 12-May-2020
PMCID:PMC7212785
doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3024-1_9
Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Peganum harmala, an important medicinal plant Zha X, Zhao P, Gao F, Zhou Y Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 16-Jan-2020
PMCID:PMC7748625
doi:10.1080/23802359.2019.1711230
PMID:33366688
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Aglaia odorata Zhang J, Li Y, Wang Y Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 10-Jan-2020
PMCID:PMC7748849
doi:10.1080/23802359.2019.1704649
PMID:33366607
Mycosynthesis, characterization, anticancer and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles from endophytic fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus Hu X, Saravanakumar K, Jin T, Wang MH Int J Nanomedicine 09-May-2019
PMCID:PMC6515543
doi:10.2147/IJN.S200817
PMID:31190801
Complete plastome sequencing from Toona (Meliaceae) and phylogenomic analyses within Sapindales Lin N, Moore MJ, Deng T, Sun H, Yang L, Sun Y, Wang H Appl Plant Sci 27-Apr-2018
PMCID:PMC5947613
doi:10.1002/aps3.1040
PMID:30131882
The complete plastome sequences of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) Jo S, Kim HW, Kim YK, Sohn JY, Cheon SH, Kim KJ Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 14-Oct-2017
PMCID:PMC7800470
doi:10.1080/23802359.2017.1390407
PMID:33473951
ChemInform Abstract: Glycolone: A New 2‐Quinolone Alkaloid from Glycosmis pentaphylia (Retz) DC. S. K. P. SINHA, P. KUMAR Wiley 24-May-2016
doi:10.1002/CHIN.198842331
Critical Analysis of Forest Degradation in the Southern Eastern Ghats of India: Comparison of Satellite Imagery and Soil Quality Index Ramachandran A, Radhapriya P, Jayakumar S, Dhanya P, Geetha R PLoS One 26-Jan-2016
PMCID:PMC4727793
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147541
PMID:26812397
Honey Pollen: Using Melissopalynology to Understand Foraging Preferences of Bees in Tropical South India Ponnuchamy R, Bonhomme V, Prasad S, Das L, Patel P, Gaucherel C, Pragasam A, Anupama K PLoS One 08-Jul-2014
PMCID:PMC4086892
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101618
PMID:25004103
Phylogenetic Relationships of Citrus and Its Relatives Based on matK Gene Sequences Penjor T, Yamamoto M, Uehara M, Ide M, Matsumoto N, Matsumoto R, Nagano Y PLoS One 25-Apr-2013
PMCID:PMC3636227
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062574
PMID:23638116

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Niranin 179703 Click to see 209.31 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3599570/
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Styrenes
(E)-3-methylsulfanyl-N-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]prop-2-enamide 101417229 Click to see 219.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90802-1
methylillukumbin A 10889824 Click to see CN(C=CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)C=CSC 233.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90802-1
N-(2-methylsulfanylethenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide 163020140 Click to see CSC=CNC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 219.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90802-1
N-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide 73826511 Click to see CSCCNC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 221.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90802-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
(E)-N-[2-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2E,5R)-5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]phenyl]ethyl]-3-methylsulfonylprop-2-enamide 163190289 Click to see 437.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.1995199510250
(E)-N-[2-[4-[(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-5-oxoocta-2,6-dienoxy]-3-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl]-3-methylsulfonylprop-2-enamide 101929570 Click to see CC(=CC(=O)CC(=CCOC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CCNC(=O)C=CS(=O)(=O)C)O)C)C 435.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.1995199510250
N-[2-[3-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy)phenyl]ethyl]-3-methylsulfonylprop-2-enamide 163047113 Click to see CC(=CC(CC(=CCOC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CCNC(=O)C=CS(=O)(=O)C)O)C)O)C 437.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.1995199510250
N-[2-[4-(3,7-dimethyl-5-oxoocta-2,6-dienoxy)-3-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl]-3-methylsulfonylprop-2-enamide 162903727 Click to see 435.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.1995199510250
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Germacranolides and derivatives
3-methyl-2-oxo-10-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methoxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-6-carbaldehyde 163033716 Click to see 426.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90802-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Gorgostanes and derivatives
[(1S,2R,5S,7S,9R,10S,11R,12S,13S,15R,16R,17S,18S)-17-acetyloxy-5,10,18-trihydroxy-2,16-dimethyl-15-[(1R)-1-[(1R,2R)-2-methyl-2-[(2R)-3-methylbutan-2-yl]cyclopropyl]ethyl]-8-oxapentacyclo[9.7.0.02,7.07,9.012,16]octadecan-13-yl] acetate 10995527 Click to see 590.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90802-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85143-0
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85143-0
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Peptides / Cyclic peptides
(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(3S,10S,13E)-10-butan-2-yl-16-methoxy-8,11-dioxo-2-oxa-6,9,12-triazatricyclo[13.3.1.03,7]nonadeca-1(19),13,15,17-tetraen-6-yl]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]-2-(methylamino)-3-phenylpropanamide 101204325 Click to see 681.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.1995199510250
> Organic acids and derivatives / Vinylogous thioesters
N-methyl-3-methylsulfanylprop-2-enamide 85085266 Click to see 131.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90802-1
Penangin 10419217 Click to see CNC(=O)C=CSC 131.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90802-1
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyxanthen-9-one 5464639 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O 242.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90802-1
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives
3,3,10-trimethyl-6H-pyrano[2,3-c]carbazole 102081527 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C3C2=C4C=CC(OC4=CC3)(C)C 263.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9891375
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Carbazoles
2,6-Dimethoxy-3-methyl-9H-carbazole 147297 Click to see 241.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85143-0
3-Methylcarbazole 20746 Click to see 181.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81785-9
3,3,10-trimethyl-7H-pyrano[2,3-c]carbazole 13996079 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC3=C2C4=C(C=C3)OC(C=C4)(C)C 263.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9891375
5-methoxy-3-methyl-9H-carbazole 11148528 Click to see 211.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83310-U
6-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-ol 11041703 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC3=C2C=C(C=C3)O 197.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)85070-5
7-Methoxy-6-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-ol 185895 Click to see 227.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84922-5
9H-Carbazole-3-carbaldehyde 504067 Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C3=C(N2)C=CC(=C3)C=O 195.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83310-U
9H-Carbazole-3-carboxaldehyde, 2,7-dimethoxy- 5317755 Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3=C(N2)C=C(C(=C3)C=O)OC 255.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50039A017
Carbazole 6854 Click to see 167.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81785-9
Glycomaurrol 13996081 Click to see 265.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9891375
Glycozoline 96944 Click to see 211.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85143-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Benzoquinolines / Acridines / Acridones
1-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methyl-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)acridin-9-one 163088974 Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3N2C)OC)C 323.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85143-0
6-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-12H-pyrano[2,3-c]acridin-7-one 6325047 Click to see 307.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9891375
Arborinine 5281832 Click to see CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C31)OC)OC)O 285.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00028-3
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85143-0
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.47.1579
Noracronycine 5320199 Click to see 307.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9891375
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Furanoquinolines
Dictamnine 68085 Click to see 199.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85143-0
Kokusaginine 10227 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC 259.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90802-1
Skimmianine 6760 Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC 259.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85143-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Hydroquinolones
4,8-Dimethoxy-1-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 15491437 Click to see 287.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)85143-0
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinolones and derivatives / Hydroxyquinolones
3-[(E)-but-2-enyl]-4-ethoxy-8-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2-one 14192079 Click to see 273.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.198842331
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80795-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives
N-methyl-N-(2-methylsulfanylethenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide 162970476 Click to see CN(C=CSC)C(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 233.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90802-1
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acid amides
2-Propenamide, N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)-3-phenyl-, (E)- 21729211 Click to see 221.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90802-1

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