Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440080fc3bc8045382669
Scientific name Aglaia edulis
Authority (Roxb.) Wall.
First published in Calc. Gard. Rep. : 26 (1840)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

From the spice markets of the Malay world to the tea stalls of southern India, cloves—dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum—have been taken as warming infusions and simple tisanes for centuries. Among the Malay of the Malay Peninsula, fresh buds or sun‑dried cloves are brewed in hot water as an after‑meal tea, sometimes with tamarind or lime, to settle digestion and freshen breath (Heyne, 1927). In Ayurveda of India, a mild clove leaf tea (Cinnamomum tamala) has historically been used alongside clove bud infusions as a mouth and throat rinse for coughs and pharyngitis, with bites of bud sometimes directly chewed for similar effects (Pandey, 1997). Across West Africa, from Ghana to Nigeria, healers prepare a decoction of ground cloves in water for fevers, stomach pains, and colic; a related cold infusion of cloves with lemon and honey is taken at home for sore throats (Iwu, 1993). A short macerated drink made by soaking a teaspoon of crushed cloves in hot water for 10–15 minutes, strained and sweetened, is also common in many of these regions as a household tonic.

As a practical example, a clove bud infusion can be made by steeping 3–4 crushed dried buds in about 240 mL of just‑boiled water for 10 minutes, then straining. The dose is generally 1 cup after meals, two or three times a day, taken for short periods as a carminative and oral soothing drink. Cloves should be avoided in large doses by children, during pregnancy (especially late), and by people with known sensitivity to Eugenol or to eugenol‑containing essential oils. A related topical preparation uses the infusion as a mouthwash and throat gargle, but it should not be swallowed in quantity.

Well‑established constituents that support these uses include eugenol and isoeugenol, the major phenylpropanoids that give cloves their analgesic and antimicrobial actions; eugenyl acetate; and a high percentage of β‑caryophyllene (tetranortriterpenoid derivatives are typically low to negligible in buds). These phytochemicals are well documented for analgesic, antiseptic, and carminative effects in scientific literature on Syzygium aromaticum (Chaieb et al., 2007; Kim et al., 1999).

Today, clove tea is still a familiar household remedy and a commercial spice, while active extracts rich in eugenol are widely studied for analgesic and antimicrobial applications. Modern research and everyday practice continue to draw on these traditional uses, which keep clove preparations present in kitchens and herbal traditions worldwide.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Fresh fruit (edible drupe) — a small, fleshy fruit harvested from wild or lightly cultivated trees; the sweet, juicy pulp is the primary edible part.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Ripe fruit is eaten raw as a snack, valued for its sweet flavor and high water content. It is commonly collected by hand during the fruiting season and sometimes sold in local markets alongside other wild fruits. In some communities the pulp is sweetened with sugar and boiled to make a simple preserve for domestic use.

Properties relevant to use:
- The fruit is a drupe about 1–2 cm in diameter that turns yellow‑orange when mature. Its pulp is characterized by high moisture, low acidity, and a sweet taste, making it suitable for direct consumption and minimal processing.

Standards and regulation:
- When offered for sale, the fruit is subject to national food‑safety regulations in the countries where it occurs (e.g., Thailand’s Food and Drug Administration fresh‑produce guidelines). It is not covered by any dedicated Codex Alimentarius standard; compliance with generic fresh‑fruit regulations is required.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Aglaia edulis occurs in lowland tropical forest and secondary growth in Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Most fruit is harvested from wild trees or from small, low‑intensity cultivated plots. Harvesting takes place in the late dry season (typically March–April) when fruits are fully ripe. No major global threat assessment exists, but localized over‑harvest can reduce local populations; therefore, sustainable gathering practices are encouraged. Commercial cultivation remains limited because of the tree’s slow growth and lack of horticultural selection.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Achras retusa Dennst. Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 30. 1818 [20 Oct 1818]
Nyalelia racemosa Dennst. Schlüssel Hortus Malab. : 30 (1818)
Milnea cambodiana Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 334 (1897)
Milnea verrucosa Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 335b (1897)
Milnea rugosa Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 335 (1897)
Milnea pirifera Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 339A (1897)
Milnea edulis Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2: 430 (1824)
Milnea sulingi Teijsm. & Binn. Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. : 211 (1866)
Aglaia acida Koord. & Valeton Meded. Lands Plantentuin 16: 143 (1895)
Aglaia barberi Gamble Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: 346 (1915)
Aglaia cambodiana Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. (1895) sub t. 334.
Aglaia curranii Merr. Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 276 (1912)
Aglaia diffusa Merr. Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 277 (1912)
Aglaia indica Harms Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(4): 300 (1896)
Aglaia khasiana Hiern Fl. Brit. India 1: 554 (1875)
Aglaia latifolia Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 42 (1868)
Aglaia magnifoliola C.DC. Meded. Rijks-Herb. 22: 9 (1914)
Aglaia minahassae Koord. Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19: 635 (1898)
Aglaia montrouzieri Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 340A (1897)
Aglaia motleyana Stapf ex Ridl. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930: 368 (1930)
Aglaia mucronulata C.DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 601 (1878)
Aglaia oblonga Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 339A (1897)
Aglaia pirifera Hance J. Bot. 15: 331 (1877)
Aglaia rugosa Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 335 (1897)
Aglaia samarensis Merr. Philipp. J. Sci., C 11: 186 (1916)
Aglaia sulingi Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 170 (1825)
Aglaia testicularis C.Y.Wu Fl. Yunnanica 1: 240 (1977)
Aglaia undulata Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 44 (1868)
Aglaia verrucosa Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. (1895) sub. t. 335.
Beddomea indica Hook.f. Gen. Pl. 1: 336 (1862)
Camunium bengalense Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. Numer. List [Wallich] n. 1279. 1829
Beddomea sarmentosa Hook.f. ex Bedd. Madras J. Lit. Sci. , ser. 3, 1: t. 3 (1864)
Lepiaglaia montrouzieri Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 340 (1897)
Amoora verrucosa C.DC. Bull. Herb. Boissier , sér. 2, 6: 983 (1906)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Malayalam ചുവന്നകിൽ
Vietnamese ngâu dịu
Vietnamese gội dịu
Chinese 马肾果
Chinese 馬腎果

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
    • Indo-China
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Nicobar Nicobar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Jawa
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
      • Maluku
      • Philippines
      • Sulawesi
      • Sumatera

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000524041
Tropicos 50322422
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1006110-1
The Plant List kew-2626278
Missouri Botanical Garden 292754
Open Tree Of Life 627560
NCBI Taxonomy 306499
IUCN Red List 34908
IPNI 1006110-1
iNaturalist 189023
GBIF 5597757
Freebase /m/02x7ptt
USDA GRIN 1764
Wikipedia Aglaia_edulis

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
The presence of wild edible plants and determinants influencing their harvest, consumption, and conservation in south eastern Bhutan Bajgai RC, Bajgai Y, Johnson SB PLoS One 10-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10564141
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285936
PMID:37816046
Larvicidal activity of Stemona collinsiae root extract against Musca domestica and Chrysomya megacephala Sakulpanich A, Attrapadung S, Gritsanapan W Sci Rep 21-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10514196
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-42500-8
PMID:37735480
Exploring the Potential of Phytocompounds for Targeting Epigenetic Mechanisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis: An In Silico Study Using Similarity Indexing Deshpande SH, Bagewadi ZK, Khan TM, Mahnashi MH, Shaikh IA, Alshehery S, Khan AA, Patil VS, Roy S Molecules 07-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10051859
doi:10.3390/molecules28062430
PMID:36985402
Update on Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Rocaglate Derivatives from Aglaia Species Agarwal G, Chang LS, Soejarto DD, Kinghorn AD Planta Med 30-Mar-2021
PMCID:PMC8481333
doi:10.1055/a-1401-9562
PMID:33784769
Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Activity of Aglaforbesin Derivative Isolated from Aglaia loheri Merr. on HCT116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells Abalos NN, Ebajo Jr. VD, Camacho DH, Jacinto SD Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 01-Jan-2021
PMCID:PMC8184180
doi:10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.1.53
PMID:33507679
Rocaglamide, Silvestrol and Structurally Related Bioactive Compounds from Aglaia Species Pan L, Woodard JL, Lucas DM, Fuchs JR, Kinghorn AD Nat Prod Rep 02-May-2014
PMCID:PMC4091845
doi:10.1039/c4np00006d
PMID:24788392
A phenolic ester from Aglaia loheri leaves reveals cytotoxicity towards sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells Dapat E, Jacinto S, Efferth T BMC Complement Altern Med 27-Oct-2013
PMCID:PMC3816152
doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-286
PMID:24160768
Microwave-assisted preparation and antimicrobial activity of O-alkylamino benzofurancarboxylates Ostrowska K, Hejchman E, Wolska I, Kruszewska H, Maciejewska D Monatsh Chem 16-Aug-2013
PMCID:PMC4495853
doi:10.1007/s00706-013-1067-7
PMID:26166876
The Relevance of Higher Plants in Lead Compound Discovery Programs Kinghorn AD, Pan L, Fletcher JN, Chai H J Nat Prod 08-Jun-2011
PMCID:PMC3158731
doi:10.1021/np200391c
PMID:21650152
Chemistry and Biology of Rocaglamides (= Flavaglines) and Related Derivatives from Aglaia Species (Meliaceae) Ebada SS, Lajkiewicz N, Porco JA Jr, Li-Weber M, Proksch P Prog Chem Org Nat Prod 01-Jan-2011
PMCID:PMC4157394
doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0748-5_1
PMID:21833837
Therapeutic suppression of translation initiation modulates chemosensitivity in a mouse lymphoma model Bordeleau ME, Robert F, Gerard B, Lindqvist L, Chen SM, Wendel HG, Brem B, Greger H, Lowe SW, Porco JA Jr, Pelletier J J Clin Invest 12-Jun-2008
PMCID:PMC2423864
doi:10.1172/JCI34753
PMID:18551192
Cytotoxic Flavaglines and Bisamides from <i>Aglaia edulis</i>. Soyoung Kim, Young-Won Chin, Bao-Ning Su, Soedarsono Riswan, Leonardus B. S. Kardono, Johar J. Afriastini, Heebyung Chai, Norman R. Farnsworth, Geoffrey A. Cordell, Steven M. Swanson, A. Douglas Kinghorn American Chemical Society (ACS) 03-Mar-2007
doi:10.1021/NP070076+
Cytotoxic flavaglines and bisamides from Aglaia edulis. Kim S, Chin YW, Su BN, Riswan S, Kardono LB, Afriastini JJ, Chai H, Farnsworth NR, Cordell GA, Swanson SM, Kinghorn AD J Nat Prod 01-Dec-2006
PMCID:PMC2471874
doi:10.1021/NP060428X
PMID:17190457
Cytotoxic Flavaglines and Bisamides from Aglaia edulis Kim S, Chin YW, Su BN, Riswan S, Kardono LB, Afriastini JJ, Chai H, Farnsworth NR, Cordell GA, Swanson SM, Kinghorn AD J Nat Prod 01-Dec-2006
PMCID:PMC2471874
doi:10.1021/np060428x
PMID:17190457
Edulisones A and B, two epimeric benzo[b]oxepine derivatives from the bark of Aglaia edulis Soyoung Kim, Bao-Ning Su, Soedarsono Riswan, Leonardus B.S. Kardono, Johar J. Afriastini, Judith C. Gallucci, Heebyung Chai, Norman R. Farnsworth, Geoffrey A. Cordell, Steven M. Swanson, A. Douglas Kinghorn Elsevier BV 12-Nov-2005
doi:10.1016/J.TETLET.2005.10.107

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
3-methylsulfanyl-N-[4-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]butyl]prop-2-enamide 85152186 Click to see 306.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00378-7
Aglaithioduline 10470425 Click to see CSC=CC(=O)NCCCCNC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 306.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00378-7
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylacetamides
2-phenyl-N-[4-[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]butyl]acetamide 2162324 Click to see 324.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00378-7
> Organic acids and derivatives / Vinylogous thioesters
Aglaidithioduline 10266141 Click to see 288.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00378-7
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans / Benzofuranones
(5S)-8-methoxy-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5H-furo[3,4-f][1,3]benzodioxol-7-one 162979790 Click to see 314.29 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans / Flavaglines
[(10S,11R,12R,13S,14R)-12-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-10-hydroxy-8-methoxy-14-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-4,6,15-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.0.03,7.010,14]pentadeca-1,3(7),8-trien-11-yl] acetate 16099505 Click to see 561.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070076+
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
[(10S,11R,12R,13S,14R)-14-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-12-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-10-hydroxy-8-methoxy-13-phenyl-4,6,15-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.0.03,7.010,14]pentadeca-1,3(7),8-trien-11-yl] acetate 16099512 Click to see 591.60 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
[12-(Dimethylcarbamoyl)-10-hydroxy-8-methoxy-14-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-4,6,15-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.0.03,7.010,14]pentadeca-1,3(7),8-trien-11-yl] acetate 162948008 Click to see 561.60 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
[14-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-12-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-10-hydroxy-8-methoxy-13-phenyl-4,6,15-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.0.03,7.010,14]pentadeca-1,3(7),8-trien-11-yl] acetate 162886482 Click to see 591.60 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
10,11-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-14-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-13-phenyl-4,6,15-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.0.03,7.010,14]pentadeca-1,3(7),8-triene-12-carboxamide 73195067 Click to see 519.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF990509H
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Aglaroxin A 15450360 Click to see 519.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF990509H
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070076+
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Methyl 10,11-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-14-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-4,6,15-trioxatetracyclo[7.6.0.03,7.010,14]pentadeca-1,3(7),8-triene-12-carboxylate 75116656 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C23C(C(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)O)C(=O)OC)C6=CC=CC=C6 506.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF990509H
Pannellin 10791693 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C23C(C(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)O)C(=O)OC)C6=CC=CC=C6 506.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF990509H
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Coumarans / 1-phenylcoumarans
(7S)-8-methoxy-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7H-furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxol-6-one 162977985 Click to see 314.29 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Nlcamzutwgfusw-uhfffaoysa- 10591326 Click to see 314.29 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
> Organosulfur compounds / Thioethers / Thioenol ethers
3-methylsulfanyl-N-[4-(3-methylsulfanylprop-2-enoylamino)butyl]prop-2-enamide 162939171 Click to see 288.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00378-7
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives
(E)-1-[(2R)-2-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one 163018922 Click to see 231.29 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
(E)-1-[(2S)-2-methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one 163018921 Click to see COC1CCCN1C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 231.29 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
(E)-3-[(S)-methylsulfinyl]-N-[(2R)-1-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]prop-2-enamide 163186040 Click to see CS(=O)C=CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 332.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
(E)-3-[(S)-methylsulfinyl]-N-[(2S)-1-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]prop-2-enamide 163064027 Click to see 332.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
(E)-3-methylsulfanyl-N-[(2R)-1-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]prop-2-enamide 163188659 Click to see CSC=CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 316.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
(E)-3-methylsulfanyl-N-[(2S)-1-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]prop-2-enamide 162883724 Click to see 316.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
1-(2-Methoxypyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one 71421750 Click to see 231.29 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
3-methyl-N-[(2R)-1-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]butanamide 162977399 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 300.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
3-methyl-N-[1-(3-phenylprop-2-enoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]butanamide 162977397 Click to see 300.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
3-methylsulfanyl-N-[1-(3-phenylprop-2-enoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]prop-2-enamide 162883723 Click to see 316.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
3-methylsulfinyl-N-[1-(3-phenylprop-2-enoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]prop-2-enamide 163064026 Click to see 332.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Aglamide A 16099509 Click to see 316.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070076+
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Aglamide B 16099516 Click to see 332.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070076+
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Aglamide C 16099510 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 300.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070076+
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Aglamide D 16099511 Click to see 231.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070076+
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Piriferine 9548036 Click to see 286.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50055A010
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acid amides
(2E,2'E)-N,N'-butane-1,4-diylbis(3-phenylprop-2-enamide) 1551204 Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)NCCCCNC(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2 348.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00378-7
Edulimide 10548550 Click to see CC(=O)N(CCCCNC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2 392.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9801965
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Scopoletin 5280460 Click to see 192.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070076+
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 5-O-methylated flavonoids
(2R)-N-[(2S)-1-[(1R,12R,13S,14R,15S)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylbutanamide 163087796 Click to see 644.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
[(12R,13S,14R)-1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-[2-(3-methylbutanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-trien-15-yl] acetate 102155086 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)OC(=O)C)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7 686.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070076+
[(1R,12R,13S,14R,15R)-1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-[(2R)-2-(2-methylpropanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-trien-15-yl] acetate 163195499 Click to see 672.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
[(1R,12R,13S,14R,15S)-1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-[(2R)-2-(3-methylbutanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-trien-15-yl] acetate 162914938 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)OC(=O)C)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7 686.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
[(1R,12R,13S,14R,15S)-1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-[(2S)-2-(2-methylpropanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-trien-15-yl] acetate 10604507 Click to see 672.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
[1-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-[2-(2-methylpropanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-trien-15-yl] acetate 85202698 Click to see 672.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
[1-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-[2-(3-methylbutanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-trien-15-yl] acetate 162914937 Click to see 686.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
19,20-dehydroedulirin A 16099514 Click to see CC(=CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7)C 642.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Edulirin A 16099513 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7 644.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
edulirin A 10-O-acetate 16099507 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)OC(=O)C)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7 686.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Edulirin B 16099508 Click to see 644.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Isoedulirin A 16099515 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(OC4=CC5=C(C(=C43)OC)OCO5)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)O)O)C7=CC=CC=C7 644.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
methyl (1S,12S,13S,14R,15S)-1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-[(2R)-2-(2-methylpropanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-15-carboxylate 163044729 Click to see 672.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF990509H
Methyl 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-[2-(2-methylpropanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-15-carboxylate 163044728 Click to see 672.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF990509H
N-[(2R)-1-[(1R,12R,13R,14S,15S)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-13-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methylbutanamide 162965211 Click to see 644.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
N-[(2R)-1-[(1R,12R,13S,14R,15R)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methylbutanamide 162887961 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7 644.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
N-[(2R)-1-[(1R,12R,13S,14R,15R)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-13-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methylbutanamide 162965210 Click to see 644.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
N-[(2R)-1-[(1R,12R,13S,14R,15S)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enamide 162904613 Click to see CC(=CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7)C 642.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
N-[(2R)-1-[(1R,12R,13S,14R,15S)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methylbutanamide 162887960 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7 644.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
N-[(2R)-1-[(1R,12R,13S,14R,15S)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-13-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methylbutanamide 162965212 Click to see 644.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
N-[(2R)-1-[(1R,13R,14S,15R)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide 163187642 Click to see 630.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
N-[(2S)-1-[(1R,12R,13R,14S,15R)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide 10770295 Click to see 630.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
N-[(2S)-1-[(1R,12R,13R,14S,15S)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide 10555991 Click to see 630.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
N-[(2S)-1-[(1R,12R,13R,14S)-1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-15-oxo-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide 10817774 Click to see 628.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
N-[(2S)-1-[(1R,12R,13S,14R,15S)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylbutanamide 10722848 Click to see 644.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
N-[(2S)-1-[(1R,12R,13S,14R)-1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-15-oxo-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide 10675460 Click to see CC(C)C(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(=O)C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7 628.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
N-[(2S)-1-[(1R,13R,14S,15R)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide 163185214 Click to see 630.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
N-[1-[(12R,13R,14S)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-13-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methylbutanamide 102155088 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(OC4=CC5=C(C(=C43)OC)OCO5)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)O)O)C7=CC=CC=C7 644.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070076+
N-[1-[(12R,13S,14R)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methylbutanamide 102155085 Click to see 644.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070076+
N-[1-[(12R,13S,14R)-1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-13-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methylbutanamide 102155089 Click to see 644.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP070076+
N-[1-[1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-15-oxo-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide 85228690 Click to see 628.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
N-[1-[1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylbutanamide 73108458 Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7 644.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
N-[1-[1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide 77474110 Click to see CC(C)C(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7 630.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
N-[1-[1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enamide 162904612 Click to see 642.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
N-[1-[1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-13-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-14-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methylbutanamide 162887959 Click to see 644.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
N-[1-[1,15-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-12-(4-methoxyphenyl)-14-phenyl-5,7,11-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.1.02,10.04,8]pentadeca-2,4(8),9-triene-13-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-3-methylbutanamide 162965209 Click to see 644.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Thapsakinacetate A 76308670 Click to see CC(C)C(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C3(C(C2(C4=C(C5=C(C=C4O3)OCO5)OC)O)C(=O)OC)C6=CC=C(C=C6)OC)C7=CC=CC=C7 672.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF990509H
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Penduletin 4'-methyl ether 5318355 Click to see 358.30 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
19,20-Dehydroedulisone A 16099506 Click to see 670.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
methyl (6R,7R,8S)-10-methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2R)-2-(2-methylpropanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-9-oxo-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][1]benzoxepine-6-carboxylate 101039454 Click to see CC(C)C(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C(OC3=CC4=C(C(=C3C2=O)OC)OCO4)(C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC)C(=O)OC)C6=CC=CC=C6 658.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
methyl (6R,7R,8S)-10-methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2S)-2-(2-methylpropanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-9-oxo-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][1]benzoxepine-6-carboxylate 101039455 Click to see CC(C)C(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C(OC3=CC4=C(C(=C3C2=O)OC)OCO4)(C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC)C(=O)OC)C6=CC=CC=C6 658.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
methyl (6R,7S,8R)-10-methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2R)-2-(2-methylpropanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-9-oxo-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][1]benzoxepine-6-carboxylate 101039452 Click to see 658.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF990509H
methyl (6R,7S,8R)-10-methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2R)-2-(3-methylbutanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-9-oxo-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][1]benzoxepine-6-carboxylate 11592754 Click to see 672.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2005.10.107
methyl (6R,7S,8R)-10-methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2S)-2-(2-methylbutanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-9-oxo-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][1]benzoxepine-6-carboxylate 101039453 Click to see 672.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
methyl (6R,7S,8R)-10-methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2S)-2-(2-methylpropanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-9-oxo-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][1]benzoxepine-6-carboxylate 101039451 Click to see 658.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
methyl (6R,7S,8R)-10-methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2S)-2-(3-methylbutanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-9-oxo-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][1]benzoxepine-6-carboxylate 11556580 Click to see 672.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2005.10.107
methyl (6R,7S,8R)-10-methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]amino]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-9-oxo-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][1]benzoxepine-6-carboxylate 162887137 Click to see 672.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
Methyl 10-methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[2-(2-methylbutanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-9-oxo-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][1]benzoxepine-6-carboxylate 85286435 Click to see 672.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
Methyl 10-methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[2-(2-methylpropanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-9-oxo-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][1]benzoxepine-6-carboxylate 85193451 Click to see 658.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF990509H
Methyl 10-methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[2-(3-methylbut-2-enoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-9-oxo-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][1]benzoxepine-6-carboxylate 163063715 Click to see 670.70 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2471874/
Methyl 10-methoxy-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[2-(3-methylbutanoylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]-9-oxo-7-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-h][1]benzoxepine-6-carboxylate 73005868 Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)NC1CCCN1C(=O)C2C(C(OC3=CC4=C(C(=C3C2=O)OC)OCO4)(C5=CC=C(C=C5)OC)C(=O)OC)C6=CC=CC=C6 672.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TETLET.2005.10.107
Thapoxepine A 76315894 Click to see 644.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00185-5
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF990509H

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