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Pistacia lentiscus

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ff7c4e74ee374708815
Scientific name Pistacia lentiscus
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 1026 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Across the Aegean islands, especially Chios, people dissolve small amounts of mastiha resin in warm water to drink as a mild digestive tea after meals (Bousquet et al., 2010). In the Dodecanese and the Peloponnese, infusions made from the leaves and aerial parts are traditionally taken to ease stomach complaints and upper respiratory irritation (Koudou et al., 2005). On Crete and in parts of mainland Greece, women consume the resin to promote healthy digestion after childbirth (Lewis and Lewis, 2003), and in many households the preparation is simply “mastiha water,” a sweet, lightly aromatic drink. In Morocco’s Rif region, communities use leaf and bark infusions for wounds, as an oral rinse, and as a tea to soothe gastritis, according to ethnobotanical field notes recorded by Benabdelkader and Ghania (2016). In the Levant, physicians cite mastiha taken in water or syrup to ease coughs and gastric complaints, as recorded in the encyclopedia of medieval Arab pharmacopeias (al-Biruni, 11th century).

An easy preparation that mirrors the traditional drink is a basic mastiha infusion: add 1–2 g of powdered mastiha resin to 250 ml of near-boiling water, stir until dissolved, and sip 1–3 times daily with meals (EMA monographs, 2012). For a leaf tea used traditionally for gastrointestinal comfort, pour 200 ml of just-boiled water over 2–3 g of dried leaves, cover and steep 5–7 minutes, strain, and drink 2–3 cups a day, especially before or after meals (Koudou et al., 2005). Tinctures are not widely documented for this species; a reasonable ethanol preparation would be 1:5 (w:v) maceration of dried leaves in 45% alcohol for 2 weeks, with a typical adult dose of 1–2 ml three times daily, but this is a modern application and not a traditional formula for P. lentiscus. Safety notes: use mastiha resin in small daily amounts, and because resins may stimulate uterine activity, avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding (EMA, 2012); leaf preparations should be evaluated case by case for sensitive individuals.

Well‑established constituents in P. lentiscus support these uses. The resin (mastiha) contains triterpenic acids such as moronic and masticadienonic acids, a neutral triterpene (mastic), and essential oil terpenes including α-pinene and β-myrcene (Bousquet et al., 2010; Koudou et al., 2005). Leaf and fruit extracts are rich in flavonoids such as quercetin and myricetin, phenolic acids like gallic acid, and gallotannins; all of these have documented antibacterial and antioxidant activity and plausibly underpin the digestive and oral applications (Falcão et al., 2008; Repetto et al., 2018).

Today, mastiha is produced under a protected designation of origin on Chios and remains widely available as a culinary gum and as encapsulated resin sold as a digestive and oral health aid, while clinical studies continue to explore its effects on Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, and periodontal disease (Bousquet et al., 2010; EMA, 2012).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
The primary commercial product is mastiha (mastic resin) collected as tears or granules from Pistacia lentiscus, a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) product from Chios, Greece. A hydrodistilled essential oil is produced from the resin or leaves; leaf and wood charcoals and handcrafts are also marketed locally.

Industrial and craft applications:
Mastic resin functions as a natural glazing and coating agent in bakery glazing, confectionery, and fruit coatings. Historically and locally it is used in inks, varnishes, and as an adhesive and binding material, where its polymerizing, slightly thermoplastic behavior provides adhesion and film-forming properties.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Resin tears are used directly as a spice or aromatic chewing gum and as a flavoring in liqueurs, confectionery, desserts, and baked goods; they are listed as a food additive (Flavouring) with acceptable daily intake provisions. The essential oil is employed as a food flavoring within regulatory limits.

Colorants and tanning:
The resin can yield natural brown colorants used as mordant dyes for protein fibers. Traditional local use as a tanning agent for light leather goods is reported; composition is dominated by polymeric acidic resin characteristic of Pistacia resins.

Wood and fiber:
Heartwood has minor local uses in small craft items and tools; the plant is not a timber species. Its wood is used to produce charcoal with energetic applications.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
The essential oil and resin are used in perfumery as fragrance ingredients; usage is guided by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) standards. The resin is employed as a fixative and film former in cosmetics such as toothpastes, soaps, and lotions.

Properties relevant to use:
Mastic resin is characterized by a high acidic polymeric fraction, resin acids such as isomasticadienonic acid, and neutral triterpenes; it softens on heating and hardens on cooling, conferring thermoplastic and film-forming behavior and adhesive properties. These constituents contribute to its characteristic odor and fixed, glossy film formation in coatings and cosmetics.

Standards and regulation:
Chios mastiha is a PDO product (EU Reg. 510/2006) and listed in the EU register of geographical indications. The product is covered by Codex Alimentarius CXS 309R-2019. The resin/resinous extract is listed as a flavoring in EU Flavouring Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008. Cosmetic and fragrance uses follow EU Cosmetic Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 and IFRA standards.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Resin is hand-harvested seasonally by controlled incising of the trunk and branches; sustainable practices emphasize selective tapping, pruning, and rest cycles to maintain tree health and prevent resinosis. PDO certification and agronomic guidelines aim to stabilize yields and livelihoods in the southern Aegean’s Pistacia lentiscus groves.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Lentiscus massiliensis Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 17: 195 (1869)
Lentiscus vulgaris Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 16: 356 (1868)
Pistacia multiflora Gand. Dec. Pl. Nov. 1: 44 (1875)
Pistacia subfalcata Gand. Dec. Pl. Nov. 1: 44 (1875)
Pistacia brevifolia Gand. Dec. Pl. Nov. 1: 44 (1875)
Terebinthus lentiscus (L.) Moench Methodus : 345 (1794)
Pistacia massiliensis Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 6. 1768 [16 Apr 1768]
Pistacia gummifera Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 172 (1796)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English lentisk
English mastic tree
Spanish entina
Spanish lentisco
Spanish mata charneca
Spanish masta
Spanish almaciga
Spanish almàciga
Spanish almarciga
Spanish almárciga
Spanish arbol de la almaciga
Spanish lantisco
Spanish lantisquina
Spanish lentisca
Spanish lentisco macho
Spanish lentisco real
Spanish lentisco verdadero
Spanish lentisquin
Spanish lentisquín
Spanish lentisquina
Arabic الضرو
Arabic بطم عدسي
Arabic بطم
Arabic مصطكاء
Arabic المستكة
Arabic حبة خضراء
Arabic شجر المستكي
Arabic فستق شرقي
Arabic شجرة العذق الفلسطيني
Arabic بطوم
Arabic مصطكي
Azerbaijani mastika püstəsi
Azerbaijani saqqız ağacı
azb ماستیکا پوستهسی
Bulgarian Мастиково дърво
Bulgarian мастиков храст
Catalan llentrisca
Catalan arbre del màstic
Catalan llentiscles
Catalan llentiscle
co lustincu
co listincu
Czech řečík lentišek
Danish mastikstræ
German mastixstrauch
dv މަސްތަކާ
Greek μαστιχόδεντρο
Greek Μαστιχοφόρος σχίνος
Greek Μαστιχόδενδρο
Greek Σκίνος
Esperanto lentisko
Basque legeltxor
Persian مصطکی (درخت)
Finnish mastiksipistaasi
French lentisque pistachier
French pistachier lentisque
French arbre au mastic
Galician lentisco
Galician aroeira
grc σχῖνος
Manx billey masthag
Hebrew אלת המסטיק שיר המלך
Hebrew אלת מסטיק
Hebrew אלת המסטיק
Croatian tršlja
Upper Sorbian mastiks
Armenian Պիստակենի իսկական
io lentisko
Italian lentisco
Italian lentischi
Italian lentischio
Japanese ニュウコウジュ
Japanese 乳香
Japanese ピスタシア・レンチスクス
Japanese マスティクス
Japanese マスチックスノキ
Georgian დანამასტაკი
Kabyle imidek
Korean 매스틱나무
ku benîştek
ku benîştok
Lithuanian mastika
Norwegian Bokmål mastik
Dutch mastiekboom
Norwegian Nynorsk mastik
oc lentiscle
oc restincle
Polish pistacja kleista
Portuguese lentisco
Russian Фисташка мастиковая
Russian Фисташка мастичная
Russian Мастиковое дерево
sc chessa
Serbo-Croatian tršlja
Slovenian mastika
Slovenian sodopernata rujevina
Slovenian tršlja
Serbian tršlja
Swedish mastixbuske
Thai พิสตาชีโอป่า
Turkish sakız ağacı
Turkish sakızağacı
Vietnamese nhũ hương
Chinese 乳香
Chinese 乳香黄连木
Chinese 粘胶乳香树'
Chinese 乳香黃蓮木
Chinese 乳香黃連木

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Canary Islands
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Egypt
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
  • Asia-temperate
    • Western Asia
      • Cyprus
      • East Aegean Islands
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Palestine
      • Turkey
  • Europe
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Sicilia
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000394118
UNII 872K6SY96C
USDA Plants PILE5
Tropicos 1301119
INPN 113744
Flora of Italy 3034
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:70253-1
The Plant List kew-2407564
Open Tree Of Life 565880
Observations.org 80254
NCBI Taxonomy 371726
IUCN Red List 202960
IPNI 70253-1
iNaturalist 82600
GBIF 3190583
Freebase /m/0gj68
EPPO PIALE
EOL 595291
USDA GRIN 28647
Wikipedia Pistacia_lentiscus
PaleoBotany 42285

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Pistacia lentiscus L. revealed in vitro anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and in vivo anti-mammary cancer effect on C57BL/6 mice through necrosis, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant enhancements Abidi O, Abdelkafi-Koubaa Z, Bettaieb-Dridi I, Toumi L, Marzouki L, Souilem O PLoS One 18-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11025873
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0301524
PMID:38635559
Unraveling potential neuroprotective mechanisms of herbal medicine for Alzheimer’s diseases through comprehensive molecular docking analyses Alsenani F Saudi J Biol Sci 15-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11053229
doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103998
PMID:38681227
The Greuter Herbarium in Palermo: An Inventory of Its Type Specimens Available Online, with Some Thoughts on Type Terminology (Occasional Papers from the Herbarium Greuter, N° 5) Greuter W Plants (Basel) 12-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11053905
doi:10.3390/plants13081086
PMID:38674494
Quenching of quorum sensing in multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: insights on halo-bacterial metabolites and gamma irradiation as channels inhibitors Talaat R, Abu El-naga MN, El-Bialy HA, El-Fouly MZ, Abouzeid MA Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 10-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11007959
doi:10.1186/s12941-024-00684-5
PMID:38600513
Comparative studies of four cumin landraces grown in Egypt Ahmed AA, Ghoneim M, Ali MA, Amer A, Głowacka A, Ahmed MA Sci Rep 05-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10997781
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57637-3
PMID:38580717
Globe-LFMC 2.0, an enhanced and updated dataset for live fuel moisture content research Yebra M, Scortechini G, Adeline K, Aktepe N, Almoustafa T, Bar-Massada A, Beget ME, Boer M, Bradstock R, Brown T, Castro FX, Chen R, Chuvieco E, Danson M, Değirmenci CÜ, Delgado-Dávila R, Dennison P, Di Bella C, Domenech O, Féret JB, Forsyth G, Gabriel E, Gagkas Z, Gharbi F, Granda E, Griebel A, He B, Jolly M, Kotzur I, Kraaij T, Kristina A, Kütküt P, Limousin JM, Martín MP, Monteiro AT, Morais M, Moreira B, Mouillot F, Msweli S, Nolan RH, Pellizzaro G, Qi Y, Quan X, Resco de Dios V, Roberts D, Tavşanoğlu Ç, Taylor AF, Taylor J, Tüfekcioğlu İ, Ventura A, Younes Cardenas N Sci Data 04-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10995118
doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03159-6
PMID:38575621
Endophytic Aspergillii and Penicillii from medicinal plants: a focus on antimicrobial and multidrug resistant pathogens inhibitory activity Mamangkey J, Mendes LW, Mustopa AZ, Hartanto A BioTechnologia (Pozn) 29-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11020150
doi:10.5114/bta.2024.135644
PMID:38633888
Herbal Medicines for the Treatment of Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Iyengar P, Godoy-Brewer G, Maniyar I, White J, Maas L, Parian AM, Limketkai B Nutrients 23-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11013716
doi:10.3390/nu16070934
PMID:38612967
Synthesis of eco-friendly layered double hydroxide and nanoemulsion for jasmine and peppermint oils and their larvicidal activities against Culex pipiens Linnaeus Radwan IT, Khater HF, Mohammed SH, Khalil A, Farghali MA, Mahmoud MG, Selim A, Manaa EA, Bagato N, Baz MM Sci Rep 22-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10959945
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-56802-y
PMID:38519561
Growth form, regeneration mode, and vegetation type explain leaf trait variability at the species and community levels in Mediterranean woody vegetation Tüfekcioğlu İ, Tavşanoğlu Ç Ecol Evol 11-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10927360
doi:10.1002/ece3.11145
PMID:38469041
Effects of Nutritional Factors on Fat Content, Fatty Acid Composition, and Sensorial Properties of Meat and Milk from Domesticated Ruminants: An Overview Ponnampalam EN, Priyashantha H, Vidanarachchi JK, Kiani A, Holman BW Animals (Basel) 08-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10967350
doi:10.3390/ani14060840
PMID:38539939
Real-world safety and effectiveness of Pistacia lentiscus (mastic gum) in patients with diabetic gastroparesis: 24-week interim analysis postintervention Kant R, Singh A, Raina R, Dhingra V, Bairwa M, Kanwar V Indian J Pharmacol 08-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11001183
doi:10.4103/ijp.ijp_555_23
PMID:38454582
A review on antimicrobial strategies in mitigating biofilm-associated infections on medical implants Kadirvelu L, Sivaramalingam SS, Jothivel D, Chithiraiselvan DD, Karaiyagowder Govindarajan D, Kandaswamy K Curr Res Microb Sci 07-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10951465
doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100231
PMID:38510214
Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cyto-Genotoxic, and Antigenotoxic Potential of Salvia verticillata Hydromethanolic Extract Stavropoulou LS, Efthimiou I, Giova L, Manoli C, Sinou PS, Zografidis A, Lamari FN, Vlastos D, Dailianis S, Antonopoulou M Plants (Basel) 05-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10934106
doi:10.3390/plants13050731
PMID:38475577
Antimicrobial Activities of Pistacia lentiscus Essential Oils Nanoencapsulated into Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins Alabrahim OA, Azzazy HM ACS Omega 04-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10955754
doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c07413
PMID:38524461

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid 370 Click to see 170.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.627
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
1,4a-Dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid 15618 Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3(CCCC(C3CC2)(C)C(=O)O)C 300.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3487787/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Myrcene 31253 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730060406
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene 6654 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730060406
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
4-Terpineol, (+/-)- 11230 Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730060406
Alpha-Terpineol 17100 Click to see 154.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730060406
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
alpha-Camphorene 101750 Click to see CC(=CCCC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)CCC=C(C)C)C 272.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730060406
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one 101616677 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C 410.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
(3R,3aS,5aR,7S,9aR,9bR)-3-[(5E)-6,10-dimethylundeca-1,5,9-trien-2-yl]-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b-decahydrocyclopenta[a]naphthalen-7-ol 163085766 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC(C3(C)C)O)C)C)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
(3R,3aS,5aS,9aR,9bR)-3-[(5E)-6,10-dimethylundeca-1,5,9-trien-2-yl]-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-2,3,4,5,5a,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-7-one 162944489 Click to see 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol 162402814 Click to see CC1(CCC2CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
(4aS,5R,6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-1,1,4a,6-tetramethyl-5-[(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trienyl]-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2-one 162891948 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC1C2(CCC(=O)C(C2CCC1(C)O)(C)C)C)C)C)C 442.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14bS)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,11,12,13,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carbaldehyde 89262164 Click to see 438.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
(5R,8R,9S,10R,13R,14R,17S)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 162947691 Click to see 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,13S,14R,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate 163011694 Click to see 486.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
[17-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate 14137676 Click to see 486.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
28-Demethyl-beta-amyrone 101616676 Click to see 410.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
3-(6,10-Dimethylundeca-1,5,9-trien-2-yl)-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b-decahydrocyclopenta[a]naphthalen-7-ol 73189172 Click to see 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
3-(6,10-dimethylundeca-1,5,9-trien-2-yl)-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-2,3,4,5,5a,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-7-one 162944488 Click to see 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
3-Oxo-Erythrodiol 15127783 Click to see 440.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-Heptamethyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-one 137796496 Click to see 410.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol 78020094 Click to see CC1(CCC2CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
4,4,8,10,14-Pentamethyl-17-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 14733603 Click to see 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
5a,5b,8,8,11a-Pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one 77443234 Click to see 410.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
6-Hydroxy-1,1,4a,6-tetramethyl-5-(4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trienyl)-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2-one 72745642 Click to see 442.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-one 72745643 Click to see 440.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
beta-Amyrenol 225689 Click to see 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
Beta-Amyrin 73145 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
beta-Amyrone 12306160 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
Dammarenediol 122880 Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1CCC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)C)O)C 444.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
dammarenediol II 10895555 Click to see 444.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
Germanicol 122857 Click to see 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
Lanosta-7,24-dien-26-oic acid, 3-oxo-, methyl ester, (13alpha,14beta,1 7alpha,20S,24E)- 346345 Click to see 468.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, (3beta)- 521518 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
Lupeol 259846 Click to see 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80095-I
methyl (2R,6R)-6-[(3R,5R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylheptanoate 162990277 Click to see CC(CCCC(C)C(=O)OC)C1CCC2(C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)C 472.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
methyl (2R,6R)-6-[(3S,5R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylheptanoate 162990276 Click to see CC(CCCC(C)C(=O)OC)C1CCC2(C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)C 472.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
methyl (4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 163031578 Click to see 470.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
methyl (4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aS,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 92853237 Click to see 470.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
methyl (4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aS,12aR,14bS)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,11,12,13,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate 97311751 Click to see 468.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
methyl (Z,6R)-2-methyl-6-[(5R,9R,10R,13S,14S,17S)-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3-oxo-1,2,5,6,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]hept-2-enoate 162878722 Click to see 468.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
methyl (Z,6R)-6-[(3R,5R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylhept-2-enoate 163061127 Click to see 470.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
methyl (Z,6R)-6-[(3S,5R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylhept-2-enoate 163061130 Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C(=O)OC)C1CCC2(C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4(C)C)O)C)C)C 470.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
methyl 2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-oxo-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,11,12,13,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate 609116 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC)C 468.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
Methyl 3-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oate 122541 Click to see 470.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
methyl 6-(3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methylhept-2-enoate 163061126 Click to see 470.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
methyl 6-(3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-methylheptanoate 162990275 Click to see 472.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80471-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
[(3R,5S,8S,9S,10S,11R,13R,14S,17R)-17-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-yl] acetate 25180961 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2(C(CCC2C3C1C4(CCC(CC4CC3)O)C)C=C)C 360.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.627
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
(1R,4S)-1,3,4-trihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 460894 Click to see 344.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.627
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Heptoses
(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6,7-pentahydroxy-1-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)heptane-1,2-dione 21120298 Click to see 332.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.627
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones
2-Undecanone 8163 Click to see 170.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730060406
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Depsides and depsidones
Digallic Acid 341 Click to see 322.22 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3487787/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Catechin 9064 Click to see 290.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.627
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides
Chrysanthemin 44256715 Click to see 449.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.627
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine 165559 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C=C3C(=CC(=O)C=C3O2)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.627
Myricetin 3-rutinoside 44259428 Click to see 626.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.627
Myricitrin 5281673 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.627
Quercitrin 5280459 Click to see 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.627
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins
beta-Glucogallin 124021 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 332.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PCA.627
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
Hexahydroxydiphenic acid 10315050 Click to see C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=C(C=C2C(=O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O 338.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.3540

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