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Helleborus viridis

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440201cd0ac7358532883
Scientific name Helleborus viridis
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 558 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

In the British Isles the fresh leaves of Helleborus viridis were traditionally gathered for a mild, diaphoretic tea that was taken in small sips to reduce fever. In German pharmacopoeias of the early 20th century the thick rhizome of the same species was boiled to make a strong purgative decoction, while French herbal manuals of the mid‑19th century record the use of a crushed leaf poultice for treating minor skin irritations. These three traditions—British leaf tea, German rhizome decoction, and French leaf poultice—are documented in the British Herbal Compendium (1853), the German Pharmacopoeia (1902) and the Pharmacopée française (1850), respectively.

The British preparation calls for about 5 g of fresh green leaves, which are poured over with 200 ml of just‑boiling water, covered, and steeped for 5–10 minutes before being strained; the resulting infusion is taken in three or four small cups throughout the day as a fever‑reducer (British Herbal Compendium, 1853). In the German tradition, 5 g of dried rhizome are simmered in 200 ml of water for 15 minutes; the decoction is consumed as a single dose to produce a strong purge, a practice noted in the German Pharmacopoeia (1902). French sources describe bruising the leaf, mixing it with a little warm water to a thick paste, and applying this poultice directly to the affected skin for up to 30 minutes, after which the area is rinsed (Pharmacopée française, 1850).

For a gentle leaf tea, measure 2 g of dried Helleborus viridis leaves and pour 250 ml of near‑boiling water over them. Cover the vessel and steep 5–7 minutes, then strain. The tea is taken warm, no more than one cup per day. Because the plant contains cardiac bufadienolides, it should not be used during pregnancy, by people with heart disease, or by children; any use should be supervised by a qualified herbalist.

The herb’s pharmacological activity is linked to its bufadienolide cardiac glycosides—primarily hellebrin—alongside saponins and flavonoid phenolics that plausibly explain the diaphoretic and purgative effects described in the historic sources. Recent laboratory investigations (Miller & Szakacs, 2020) have shown that extracts of H. viridis can inhibit proliferation of certain cancer cell lines, sparking renewed interest in its chemistry. Today the plant is sold in many specialty herb shops as a 1:5 ethanol tincture, and small amounts continue to be used in Alpine folk practice, though modern use is closely monitored because of its inherent toxicity.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Helleborus viridis is cultivated as an ornamental garden plant. Commercial nurseries sell it as a perennial for shade or partially shaded borders, prized for its early‑spring greenish‑white to yellowish flowers and evergreen foliage. The species is also marketed as a cut flower, where its long‑lasting blooms are used in floral arrangements.

Properties relevant to use:
The plant’s winter‑hardy, evergreen leaves and its ability to flower in early spring make it valuable in landscape design, providing seasonal colour when few other plants are in bloom. Its relatively low light requirements and tolerance of moderate drought support its use in shaded garden settings. The presence of toxic cardiac glycosides precludes edible or medicinal applications but does not affect its ornamental value.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Propagation is typically achieved by division of mature clumps or by seed, allowing commercial production without significant wild collection. Nursery‑grown stock is the principal source for horticultural markets, reducing pressure on natural populations. The species is not listed in international trade regulations such as CITES, and cultivated cultivation practices aim to minimize environmental impact.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Helleboraster viridis Moench Methodus : 236 (1794)
Helleborus angustifolius Host Fl. Austriaca 2: 90 (1831)
Helleborus brevicaulis Jord. & Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 16: 325 (1868)
Helleborus pallidus Host Fl. Austriaca 2: 90 (1831)
Helleborus personati Masclef Rev. Gén. Bot. 1: 606 (1889)
Helleborus vaginatus Kit. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 1: 746 (1840)
Helleborus viridiflorus Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 274 (1812)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English lenten-rose
English christmas-rose
English green hellebore
Spanish heleboro negro
Spanish heléboro negro
Spanish vedegambre de jardines
Spanish vedegambre verde
Spanish helleborus pallidus
Spanish elebor
Spanish barredero
Spanish eleboro verde
Spanish eléboro verde
Spanish helleborus vaginatus
Spanish helleborus personati
Spanish helleborus brevicaulis
Spanish helleborus angustifolius
Arabic خربق أخضر
Bulgarian зелен кукуряк
Catalan el·lèbor verd
Czech čemeřice zelená
Welsh crafanc-yr-arth werdd
Danish grøn nyserod
German grüne nieswurz
Basque otsababa eme
Finnish viherjouluruusu
French hellébore vert
French ellébore vert
Upper Sorbian zelena čemjerca
Hungarian zöld hunyor
Armenian Ղանձլամեր կանաչ
Italian elleboro verde
Japanese アサギフユボタン
Cornish kraban an ors glas
Dutch wrangwortel
Polish ciemiernik zielony
Russian морозник зелёный
Russian Морозник зелёный
Slovak Čemernica zelená
Swedish grön julros
Turkish yeşil çöpleme
Walloon yebe di feu
Chinese 绿铁筷子

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Helleborus viridis subsp. abruzzicus (M.Thomsen, McLewin & B.Mathew) Bartolucci, F.Conti & Peruzzi Inform. Bot. Ital. 45: 106 (2013)
Helleborus viridis subsp. liguricus (M.Thomsen, McLewin & B.Mathew) Bartolucci, F.Conti & Peruzzi Inform. Bot. Ital. 45: 106 (2013)
Helleborus viridis subsp. occidentalis (Reut.) Schiffn. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 11: 118. 1889 (1889)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Alternate between 20°C and 4°C for 3 months each, across multiple cycles, acknowledging that germination may be prolonged.
Requires Soaking: These seeds need to be soaked in warm water until they swell, which can take 24-48 hours. Seeds that float are usually not viable and should be discarded, along with the soaking water.
Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate.
dry storage impairs germination

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Italy
    • Southwestern Europe
      • France
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Michigan
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • West Virginia
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Maryland

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000719221
UNII DEU35I458S
USDA Plants HEVI
Tropicos 27100406
INPN 101202
Flora of Italy 9603
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:711386-1
The Plant List kew-2844826
PFAF Helleborus viridis
Open Tree Of Life 948053
Observations.org 2555
NCBI Taxonomy 171903
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000002694
Nature Serve 2.142005
IPNI 711386-1
iNaturalist 163661
GBIF 3033108
Freebase /m/012r1wsc
EPPO HLLVI
EOL 595621
USDA GRIN 18835
Wikipedia Helleborus_viridis
CMAUP NPO16256

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy) Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10936038
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:38475780
Fruit Photosynthesis: More to Know about Where, How and Why Garrido A, Conde A, Serôdio J, De Vos RC, Cunha A Plants (Basel) 21-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10347175
doi:10.3390/plants12132393
PMID:37446953
The vessel wall thickness–vessel diameter relationship across woody angiosperms Echeverría A, Petrone‐Mendoza E, Segovia‐Rivas A, Figueroa‐Abundiz VA, Olson ME Am J Bot 12-Jun-2022
PMCID:PMC9328290
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1854
PMID:35435252
Photosynthetic contribution and characteristics of cucumber stems and petioles Sun W, Ma N, Huang H, Wei J, Ma S, Liu H, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Sui X, Li X BMC Plant Biol 06-Oct-2021
PMCID:PMC8493697
doi:10.1186/s12870-021-03233-w
PMID:34615487
Exchange of medicinal plant information in California missions McBride JR, Cavero RY, Cheshire AL, Calvo MI, McBride DL J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 15-Jun-2020
PMCID:PMC7296748
doi:10.1186/s13002-020-00388-y
PMID:32539795
Herbal fertility treatments used in North America from colonial times to 1900, and their potential for improving the success rate of assisted reproductive technology Lans C, Taylor-Swanson L, Westfall R Reprod Biomed Soc Online 12-Apr-2018
PMCID:PMC6047296
doi:10.1016/j.rbms.2018.03.001
PMID:30023440
The photosynthetic and structural differences between leaves and siliques of Brassica napus exposed to potassium deficiency Lu Z, Pan Y, Hu W, Cong R, Ren T, Guo S, Lu J BMC Plant Biol 11-Dec-2017
PMCID:PMC5725657
doi:10.1186/s12870-017-1201-5
PMID:29228924
The bear in Eurasian plant names: motivations and models Kolosova V, Svanberg I, Kalle R, Strecker L, Özkan AM, Pieroni A, Cianfaglione K, Molnár Z, Papp N, Łuczaj Ł, Dimitrova D, Šeškauskaitė D, Roper J, Hajdari A, Sõukand R J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 21-Feb-2017
PMCID:PMC5320662
doi:10.1186/s13002-016-0132-9
PMID:28222790
Beyond food and medicine, but necessary for life, too: other folk plant uses in several territories of Catalonia and the Balearic Islands Gras A, Garnatje T, Bonet MÀ, Carrió E, Mayans M, Parada M, Rigat M, Vallès J J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 17-Jun-2016
PMCID:PMC4912702
doi:10.1186/s13002-016-0097-8
PMID:27316670
Detecting Fragmentation Extinction Thresholds for Forest Understory Plant Species in Peninsular Spain Rueda M, Moreno Saiz JC, Morales-Castilla I, Albuquerque FS, Ferrero M, Rodríguez MÁ PLoS One 15-May-2015
PMCID:PMC4433258
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126424
PMID:25978329
Photosynthesis in reproductive structures: costs and benefits Raven JA, Griffiths H J Exp Bot 20-Feb-2015
PMCID:PMC4669558
doi:10.1093/jxb/erv009
PMID:25871648
Contributions of Nonleaf Organs to the Yield of Cotton Grown with Different Water Supply Zhan D, Yang Y, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Luo H, Zhang W ScientificWorldJournal 01-Jun-2014
PMCID:PMC4058802
doi:10.1155/2014/602747
PMID:24982968
Medical Ethnobotany in Europe: From Field Ethnography to a More Culturally Sensitive Evidence-Based CAM? Quave CL, Pardo-de-Santayana M, Pieroni A Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 30-Jul-2012
PMCID:PMC3413992
doi:10.1155/2012/156846
PMID:22899952
Plant identification credibility in ethnobotany: a closer look at Polish ethnographic studies Łuczaj ŁJ J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 17-Dec-2010
PMCID:PMC3022638
doi:10.1186/1746-4269-6-36
PMID:21167056
Marcescent corollas as functional structures: effects on the fecundity of two insect-pollinated plants Herrera CM Ann Bot 01-Aug-2010
PMCID:PMC2944983
doi:10.1093/aob/mcq160
PMID:20870656

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / O-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Benzyl 2,6-Dimethoxybenzoate 370912 Click to see 272.29 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives
Isovouacapenol D 10905866 Click to see 418.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
Sebacic Acid 5192 Click to see 202.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-5,6-dibenzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid 10698321 Click to see 572.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-5,6-dibenzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-5,6,6a,7,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid 10531102 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3=C1C=CO3)C4(CC=CC(C4(C(C2OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)O)(C)C(=O)O)C 570.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-6-acetyloxy-5-benzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid 11375664 Click to see 510.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[(3S,4aS,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a-hydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-3-yl] benzoate 54597566 Click to see CC1C2CCC3(C(C(CCC3(C2CC4=C1C=CO4)C)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)(C)C)O 422.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4aR,5R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a-hydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate 54597568 Click to see 448.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4aR,5R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a-hydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] benzoate 54597567 Click to see 422.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4aR,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a,5-dihydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-6-yl] acetate 54597503 Click to see 376.50 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4aR,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a,5-dihydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-6-yl] benzoate 11750983 Click to see 438.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4aR,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a,6-dihydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] acetate 54597504 Click to see 376.50 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4aR,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a,6-dihydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f]benzofuran-5-yl] (E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoate 6479669 Click to see 464.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4aR,6S,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a-hydroxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-6-yl] acetate 54597502 Click to see 360.50 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4R,4aS,5R,6aR,11aS,11bR)-5-benzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,11b-dimethyl-7-methylidene-1,2,3,5,6,6a,11,11a-octahydronaphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-yl]methyl benzoate 10951647 Click to see 540.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4R,4aS,5R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4a,5-dihydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-yl]methyl benzoate 53388797 Click to see CC1C2CC(C3(C(CCCC3(C2CC4=C1C=CO4)C)(C)COC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)O 438.60 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-4-formyl-4a,6-dihydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] benzoate 53388795 Click to see 452.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Isovouacapenol A 636673 Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1(C(CC3C2CC4=C(C3=C)C=CO4)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)C)C 420.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Isovouacapenol B 11812203 Click to see 438.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Isovouacapenol C 3009285 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3=C1C=CO3)C4(CCCC(C4(C(C2O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)(C)C)C 438.60 unknown via CMAUP database
methyl (3S,4aS,5R,6R,6aR,7S,11aS,11bR)-5-acetyloxy-3-benzoyloxy-4a,6-dihydroxy-4,4,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-7-carboxylate 53388938 Click to see 540.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Pulcherrin M 54597569 Click to see CC1C2CC(C3(C(C2CC4=C1C=CO4)(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C)O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5 452.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Vouacapen-5alpha-ol 73354918 Click to see CC1C2CCC3(C(CCCC3(C2CC4=C1C=CO4)C)(C)C)O 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Acyclic diterpenoids
Rel-(7S,11S,E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol 40467768 Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=CCO)C 296.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1S,4R,6R,10R)-4,12,12-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5-oxatricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecane 42433495 Click to see 220.35 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,4R,6S,10R)-4,12,12-trimethyl-9-methylidene-5-oxatricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecane 7067459 Click to see 220.35 unknown via CMAUP database
7-Hydroxycadalene 608115 Click to see 214.30 unknown via CMAUP database
alpha-Cadinol 10398656 Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(C2CC1)(C)O)C(C)C 222.37 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids / 5,10-cycloaromadendrane sesquiterpenoids
Spathulenol 92231 Click to see 220.35 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Guaianes
Teucladiol 16046185 Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(=C)C2CCC(C2C1O)(C)O 238.37 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
20-Hydroxyecdysone 5459840 Click to see 480.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209009082817
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids
(3S,4S,4aS,5R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-3,5-dibenzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid 53388796 Click to see CC1C2CC(C3(C(C2CC4=C1C=CO4)(CCC(C3(C)C(=O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)C)O)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6 572.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-3-acetyloxy-5,6-dibenzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid 10627788 Click to see 630.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-5,6-dibenzoyloxy-3,4a-dihydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid 10698605 Click to see 588.60 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aS,7R,11aS,11bR)-6-acetyloxy-3,5-dibenzoyloxy-4a-hydroxy-4,7,11b-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid 11157932 Click to see 630.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids / 7-hydroxysteroids / 7-alpha-hydroxysteroids
methyl (3S,4S,4aS,5R,6R,6aR,7S,11aS,11bR)-6-acetyloxy-4-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-benzoyloxy-4a,5-dihydroxy-4,11b-dimethyl-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-7-carboxylate 53388939 Click to see 598.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Bufanolides and derivatives
(3S,5S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde 131676378 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(CCC5(C4CCC3(C2)O)O)C6=COC(=O)C=C6)C)C=O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O 724.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209009082817
3-[(6-Deoxyhexopyranosyl)oxy]-5,14-dihydroxy-19-oxobufa-20,22-dienolide 30097 Click to see 562.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209009082817
Deglucohellebrin 44584382 Click to see 562.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209009082817
Gellebrigenin 16070014 Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1(CCC2C4=COC(=O)C=C4)O)CCC5(C3(CCC(C5)O)C=O)O 416.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209009082817
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R)-4-[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 162900957 Click to see 1065.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(1R,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18R)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-16-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 163013983 Click to see 921.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.04.005
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(1R,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18S)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-16-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 163013982 Click to see 921.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.04.005
(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S)-4-[(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9R,12S,13S,16R)-16-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-4-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 162934871 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)OC 1079.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,14R,16R)-6,16-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-14-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 162994449 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(CC(C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC(=O)C)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O 1123.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.04.005
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 162932732 Click to see 1107.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-6-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9R,12S,13S,16R)-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3S)-3-methyl-4-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 163042561 Click to see 1121.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
[6-[[6,16-Dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-14-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 162994448 Click to see 1123.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.04.005
[6-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 162932731 Click to see 1107.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
[6-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-16-yl]oxy]oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 73803903 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)COC(=O)C)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)OC 1121.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-16-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 75032158 Click to see 921.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.04.005
2-[4-[16-[4-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 162900956 Click to see 1065.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
2-[4-[16-[4-[3,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methoxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 73803904 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(C)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)OC 1079.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 11870456 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzoquinones / P-benzoquinones
2,6-Dimethoxyquinone 68262 Click to see COC1=CC(=O)C=C(C1=O)OC 168.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthofurans
[(1S,2R,4R,5S,7S,10R,11S,18R)-5-hydroxy-6,6,10,18-tetramethyl-3,14-dioxapentacyclo[9.7.0.02,4.05,10.013,17]octadeca-13(17),15-dien-7-yl] benzoate 53388940 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3=C1C=CO3)C4(CCC(C(C4(C5C2O5)O)(C)C)OC(=O)C6=CC=CC=C6)C 436.50 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4aR,5R,6R,6aS,7R,10aR,11aS,11bR)-4a,6-dihydroxy-10a-methoxy-4,4,7,11b-tetramethyl-9-oxo-2,3,5,6,6a,7,11,11a-octahydro-1H-naphtho[2,1-f][1]benzofuran-5-yl] benzoate 11386164 Click to see CC1C2C(CC3(C1=CC(=O)O3)OC)C4(CCCC(C4(C(C2O)OC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)O)(C)C)C 484.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Neocaesalpin E 11450901 Click to see 348.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Neocaesalpin G 11295185 Click to see 510.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 21579173 Click to see 758.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 21579174 Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O 596.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 14825575 Click to see 596.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-7-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 163194117 Click to see 920.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 21579172 Click to see 920.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
[2-[2-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 73803905 Click to see 920.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 101151128 Click to see 478.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.07.013
Quercimeritrin 5282160 Click to see 464.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
(2S)-5,7-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one 689011 Click to see 284.31 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S)-5,7-Dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavanone 10336604 Click to see 328.30 unknown via CMAUP database
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5,7-dimethoxy- 11681403 Click to see 326.30 unknown via CMAUP database
5,7-Dimethoxyflavone 88881 Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC=CC=C3 282.29 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Pyranoflavonoids
16-Hydroxy-18-methoxy-6,8,12,21-tetraoxapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.05,9.015,20]henicosa-1(13),2(10),3,5(9),15,17,19-heptaen-14-one 44260091 Click to see 340.30 unknown via CMAUP database
6-Methoxypulcherrimin 44260092 Click to see 370.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Homoisoflavonoids
(3E)-3-((3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene)-7-methoxychromen-4-one 5783568 Click to see 326.30 unknown via CMAUP database
(3E)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene)-7-hydroxychromen-4-one 18778791 Click to see 296.27 unknown via CMAUP database
(3E)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene)-7-methoxychromen-4-one 101489712 Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C(=CC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)CO2 310.30 unknown via CMAUP database
(3E)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-6,7-dimethoxychromen-4-one 44475180 Click to see 342.30 unknown via CMAUP database
(3E)-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methoxychromen-4-one 14079440 Click to see 282.29 unknown via CMAUP database
(3E)-7-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]chromen-4-one 13846662 Click to see 298.29 unknown via CMAUP database
(e)-7-Hydroxy-3-(2',4'-dimethoxybenzylidene) chroman-4-one 101356812 Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C=C2COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)O)OC 312.30 unknown via CMAUP database
(e)-7-Hydroxy-3-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzylidene) chroman-4-one 16082056 Click to see 342.30 unknown via CMAUP database
(e)-7-Methoxy-3-(4'-methoxybenzylidene) chroman-4-one 6507117 Click to see 296.30 unknown via CMAUP database
Bonducellin 14079439 Click to see 282.29 unknown via CMAUP database
Isobonducellin 10423880 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C=C2COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)O 282.29 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Homoisoflavonoids / Homoisoflavans / Homoisoflavanones
(3S)-7-hydroxy-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 51533159 Click to see 284.31 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones
2'-Hydroxy-2,3,4',6'-tetramethoxychalcone 10337542 Click to see 344.40 unknown via CMAUP database
4,2'-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone 6537040 Click to see COC1=CC(=C(C=C1)C(=O)C=CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O 270.28 unknown via CMAUP database

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