Berberis thunbergii, also known as Japanese barberry, is a small deciduous shrub native to Japan and eastern Asia. It has become widely naturalized in China and North America, where it is considered an invasive species. This plant grows up to 1 meter tall and has green leaves that turn red in the autumn, as well as bright red fruits and pale yellow flowers. It is often confused with other barberry species, but can be distinguished by its umbel-shaped flowers. Japanese barberry is commonly grown as an ornamental plant and has many cultivars with different foliage colors and sizes. However, it is also causing problems in the environment, such as declines in species diversity, increased tick habitat, and changes in soil composition. It is considered a "Least Wanted" plant by the Plant Conservation Alliance and is banned from sale in some states. Efforts are being made to control its spread and reduce its negative impacts.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Berberis thunbergii var. argenteomarginata	C.K.Schneid.	J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 221 1923
Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea	Chenault	Rev. Hort. n.s., 20: 307 1926
Berberis thunbergii f. erecta	Rehder	J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 412 1939
Berberis thunbergii var. erecta	(Rehder) Ahrendt	J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 168 1961
Berberis thunbergii var. maximowiczii	(Regel) Regel	Trudy Glavn. Bot. Sada 2: 420 1878
Berberis thunbergii var. minor	Rehder	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 7: 330 1898
Berberis thunbergii var. pluriflora	Koehne	Deut. Dendrol. 169 1893
Berberis thunbergii var. rubrifolia	Ahrendt	J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 57: 168 1961
Berberis thunbergii var. uniflora	Koehne	Deut. Dendrol. 169 1893
Berberis thunbergii f. microcarpa	E.L.Wolf ex V.V.Byalt, L.V.Orlova & Potokin	Skvortsovia 5(4): 24. 2020

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	japanese barberry
English	thunberg's barberry
English	red barberry
Azerbaijani	berberis maximowiczii
Czech	dřišťál thunbergův
Welsh	pren melyn thunberg
Danish	hæk-berberis
Danish	thunbergs berberis
German	thunberg-berberitze
German	thunbergs berberitze
German	grüne hecken-berberitze
Estonian	thunbergi kukerpuu
Persian	زرشک زینتی
Finnish	japaninhappomarja
French	epine-vinette de thunberg
French	berbéris de thunberg
French	Épine-vinette de thunberg
Croatian	thumbergova žutika
Upper Sorbian	thunbergowa kisyca
Icelandic	sólbroddur
Japanese	メギ
Norwegian Bokmål	høstberberis
Norwegian Bokmål	blodberberis
Norwegian Bokmål	japanberberis
Dutch	japanse berberis
Norwegian Nynorsk	haustberberis
Norwegian Nynorsk	japanberberis
Norwegian Nynorsk	blodberberis
Norwegian Nynorsk	høstberberis
Polish	berberys thunberga
Russian	Барбарис Тунберга
Russian	berberis maximowiczii
Slovak	dráč thunbergov
Serbian	Тумбергова жутика
Swedish	häckberberis
Chinese	红叶小檗
Chinese	日本小檗
Chinese	一颗针

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Start at 4°C for 3 months, then warm to 20°C for another 3 months.

Pulpy Coat Inhibits Germination: Seeds with a pulpy or fleshy outer coat need to have this material removed by soaking and rinsing in clean water daily for about a week. The inhibitory substances in the pulp are thus washed away, and germination rates improve.

wash clean 14 days, plant 2 cm deep

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China North-central
  - China Southeast
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Uzbekistan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indo-China
  - Myanmar

Europe click to expand
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Bulgaria
  - Romania
  - Yugoslavia

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
  - Prince Edward Island
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Iowa
  - Kansas
  - Minnesota
  - Missouri
  - Nebraska
  - South Dakota
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Indiana
  - Maine
  - Massachusetts
  - Michigan
  - New Hampshire
  - New Jersey
  - New York
  - Ohio
  - Pennsylvania
  - Vermont
  - West Virginia
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Wyoming
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Delaware
  - Georgia
  - Kentucky
  - Maryland
  - North Carolina
  - Tennessee
  - Virginia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000563924
UNII	5STN1S9S4B
Flora of Alabama	5279
Cornell Woody Plants	31
Canadensys	3666
USDA Plants	BETH
UConn	58
Tropicos	3500183
INPN	85773
Flora of Italy	9272
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:107136-1
The Plant List	kew-2674513
Missouri Botanical Garden	277781
PFAF	Berberis thunbergii
PaleoBotany	88052
Open Tree Of Life	1072153
Observations.org	6460
NCBI Taxonomy	121720
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004966
Nature Serve	2.134460
IPNI	107136-1
iNaturalist	58727
GBIF	3033896
Freebase	/m/0cgsn1
WisFlora	2729
FEIS	plants/shrub/berthu
EPPO	BEBTH
EOL	596554
Elurikkus	3078
USDA GRIN	6974
Wikipedia	Berberis_thunbergii
CMAUP	NPO18832

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_003290165.1	B.thun_GenomeAssembly_v1	Contig	Hale Lab at University of New Hampshire	2018-07-06	104.8x	2.09 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Ectoparasites of wild rodents in forest sites invaded and uninvaded by Maesopsis eminii in Amani nature forest reserve, Tanzania

Musese LJ, Kitegile AS, Kilawe CJ

Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl

31-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11002661
doi:	10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100932
PMID:	38601057

Phytotoxicity effect of a highly toxic isolate of Alternaria alternata metabolites from Iran

Sedighi A, Mohammadi A

Toxicon X

15-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10878783
doi:	10.1016/j.toxcx.2024.100186
PMID:	38380155

Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

12-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10784871
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8495
PMID:	38222930

Radio Telemetry and Harmonic Radar Tracking of the Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)

Siderhurst MS, Murman KM, Kaye KT, Wallace MS, Cooperband MF

Insects

30-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10816356
doi:	10.3390/insects15010017
PMID:	38249023

Temporal variation of allergenic potential in urban parks during the vegetation period: a case study from Bratislava, Slovakia

Zahradníková E, Rendeková A, Ščevková J

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

05-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10791852
doi:	10.1007/s11356-023-31137-9
PMID:	38052730

Plant Extracts as Skin Care and Therapeutic Agents

Michalak M

Int J Mol Sci

22-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10607442
doi:	10.3390/ijms242015444
PMID:	37895122

The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.)

Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ

PLoS One

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10602594
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:	37792900

Detection of multiple tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes scapularis from Hunterdon County, NJ, USA

Narvaez ZE, Rainey T, Puelle R, Khan A, Jordan RA, Egizi AM, Price DC

Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis

21-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10481180
doi:	10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100140
PMID:	37680762

Commodity risk assessment of Fagus sylvatica plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

28-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10375364
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8118
PMID:	37522095

Reactive oxygen species mediated apoptotic death of colon cancer cells: therapeutic potential of plant derived alkaloids

Nelson VK, Nuli MV, Mastanaiah J, Saleem T. S. M, Birudala G, Jamous YF, Alshargi O, Kotha KK, Sudhan HH, Mani RR, Muthumanickam A, Niranjan D, Jain NK, Agrawal A, Jadon AS, Mayasa V, Jha NK, Kolesarova A, Slama P, Roychoudhury S

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)

25-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10408138
doi:	10.3389/fendo.2023.1201198
PMID:	37560308

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-Lipoxygenase Activity of Berberis vulgaris L. Leaves, Fruits, and Stem and Their LC MS/MS Polyphenolic Profile

Och A, Olech M, Bąk K, Kanak S, Cwener A, Cieśla M, Nowak R

Antioxidants (Basel)

21-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10376855
doi:	10.3390/antiox12071467
PMID:	37508005

Leaf nutrient resorption of two life-form tree species in urban gardens and their response to soil nutrient availability

Hu R, Liu T, Zhang Y, Zheng R, Guo J

PeerJ

19-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10362843
doi:	10.7717/peerj.15738
PMID:	37483974

Effect of Different Walnut and Hazelnut Leaf Compost Treatments on Yield and Phenolic Composition of Lactuca sativa L.

Medic A, Solar A, Hudina M, Veberic R, Zamljen T

Foods

19-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10379347
doi:	10.3390/foods12142738
PMID:	37509831

Commodity risk assessment of Acer pseudoplatanus plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

06-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10323731
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8074
PMID:	37427019

Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

06-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10323733
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8071
PMID:	37427018

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines
(6aR)-2,11-dimethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-1-ol	739273	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=C3C(=CC=C4)OC)O)OC	311.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,2,10-Trimethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-11-ol	48704	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)OC)OC	341.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
2,9,10-trimethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-1-ol	100020	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC(=C(C=C43)OC)OC)O)OC	341.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
Glaucine	16754	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC(=C(C=C43)OC)OC)OC)OC	355.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
Isocorydine	10143	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)OC)OC	341.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
Magnoflorine	73337	Click to see C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)O)OC)C	342.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Magnoflorine iodide, (+)-(RG)	131664584	Click to see C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=C3C(=C(C=C4)OC)O)[O-])OC)C.I	469.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Thaliporphine	6992288	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC(=C(C=C43)OC)OC)O)OC	341.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Protoberberine alkaloids and derivatives
16,17-Dimethoxy-6-tritio-5,7-dioxa-13-azoniapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.04,8.015,20]henicosa-1(13),2,4(8),9,14,16,18,20-octaene	10246509	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC5=C(C=C4CC3)OCO5)OC	338.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,9,10-Trimethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-7-ium-3-ol;iodide	5459338	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC(=C(C=C4CC3)O)OC)OC.[I-]	465.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Berberine	2353	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC5=C(C=C4CC3)OCO5)OC	336.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
Columbamine	72310	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC(=C(C=C4CC3)OC)O)OC	338.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Jatrorrhizine	72323	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC(=C(C=C4CC3)O)OC)OC	338.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Palmatine	19009	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C[N+]3=C(C=C2C=C1)C4=CC(=C(C=C4CC3)OC)OC)OC	352.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200390500768 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes
Palmidin A	5320384	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2C4C5=C(C(=CC=C5)O)C(=O)C6=C4C=C(C=C6O)CO)C=C(C=C3O)O	510.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones
Javanicin	10149	Click to see CC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C=C(C2=O)OC)O)CC(=O)C	290.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
6,6',7-Trimethoxy-2,2'-dimethylberbaman-12-ol	10170	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)O)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
Berbamine	275182	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)O)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
CID 12300053	12300053	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)O)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200390500768 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
Isotetrandrine	5422	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)OC)OC	622.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
O-Methylberbamine	5351212	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)OC)OC	622.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
Oxyacanthine	442333	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O3)O)OC)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19302680802 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1881.50.4_309 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817 https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200390500768
Oxycanthine	371257	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O3)O)OC)OC	608.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19302680802 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1881.50.4_309
Repandine	10031631	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C3=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=CC(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)O3)O)OC)OC	608.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
Excisanin H	10066342	Click to see CC1(CCC(C23C1CC(C45C2CCC(C4(OC3)O)C(=C)C5=O)O)O)C	348.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Guaianolides and derivatives
Magnograndiolide	5319198	Click to see CC1(CCC2C(C3C1CCC3(C)O)OC(=O)C2=C)O	266.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols
(1beta,3alpha,9abeta)-2,3,5,6,9,9a-Hexahydro-1,4,7,9a-tetramethyl-1H-benzocyclohepten-3-ol	23426772	Click to see CC1CC(C(=C2C1(CC=C(CC2)C)C)C)O	220.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2R,4S,4aR)-1,4,4a,7-tetramethyl-2,3,4,5,8,9-hexahydrobenzo[7]annulen-2-ol	23426773	Click to see CC1CC(C(=C2C1(CC=C(CC2)C)C)C)O	220.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Diarylethers
21,22,26-Trimethoxy-16,31-dimethyl-8,24-dioxa-16,31-diazaheptacyclo[23.6.2.13,7.19,13.115,19.028,32.023,34]hexatriaconta-3(36),4,6,9,11,13(35),19,21,23(34),25,27,32-dodecaen-10-ol	45356938	Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC(=CC=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)O)OC	608.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Isoquinolones and derivatives
2,9,10-Trimethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-3-one	10065647	Click to see COC1=C(C2=CN3CCC4=CC(=O)C(=CC4=C3C=C2C=C1)OC)OC	337.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200390500768
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydroisoquinolines
6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline	15623	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2CNCCC2=C1)OC	193.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02254817
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Angular furanocoumarins
2-[(8S)-2-oxo-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-8-yl]propan-2-yl (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	53399217	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C1CC2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OC(=O)C=C3	328.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Oxyayanin A	5281676	Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC(=C(C2=O)OC)C3=CC(=C(C=C3O)OC)O)O	360.30	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Berberis thunbergii

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

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