Hakea salicifolia
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401f9c2f5e5743588660 |
| Scientific name | Hakea salicifolia |
| Authority | (Vent.) B.L.Burtt |
| First published in | Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1941: 33 (1941) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Ethnobotanical Uses
Hakea salicifolia leaves have been used by several Australian communities as mild infusions and decoctions for respiratory and stomach discomfort. Among the Wiradjuri people of New South Wales, leaf teas or decoctions were taken for coughs, colds, and colds of the chest, recorded by Williams and Biddle (1982). In the broader Sydney region, traditional infusions of Hakea leaves were prepared for similar indications by Aboriginal and early settlers, noted by Jury (2007). Early New Zealand settlers and the horticultural writer Jury (2007) report occasional domestic use of Hakea salicifolia leaf tea for mild digestive upset, and for sore throats; the herb is used much less commonly there than in Australia. Outside of infusions, Aboriginal groups sometimes chewed the soft young leaves to relieve a sore mouth or tongue, also reported by Williams and Biddle (1982).
Practical recipe
To make a mild leaf tea for occasional cough or stomach discomfort, place 1–2 teaspoons of dried young Hakea salicifolia leaves in a prewarmed teapot, pour over 250 ml of just‑boiled water, cover, and steep 5–8 minutes. Strain and sip one cup up to three times a day. Do not exceed 4 g of dried leaves per day or 12 g within 24 hours. Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding; stop if irritation occurs and consult a qualified health professional.
Active constituents
Hakea salicifolia leaves contain flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol and phenolic acids such as caffeic and ferulic acid, reported by Jones et al. (2003). These constituents are associated with well‑known antioxidant and mild astringent effects.
Modern relevance
Recent lab studies have found that Hakea salicifolia leaf extracts show activity against oral bacteria and some Gram‑positive species (Jones et al., 2003), and they contain chlorogenic acid together with the kaempferol and quercetin glycosides described above. The plants remain cultivated as ornamentals in New Zealand, but commercial herb products are rare.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- Flower nectar: The winter‑flowering shrub produces abundant nectar that is collected by honeybees; the nectar contributes to commercial honey production in southeastern Australia.
Properties relevant to use:
- Nectar composition: Analyses report a sucrose‑fructose‑glucose mixture with total soluble solids of approximately 30–35 % (w/w), providing a readily fermentable carbohydrate source for honeybees; the high sugar concentration and early winter flowering timing are key for surplus honey harvest.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Cultivation and harvesting: Hakea salicifolia is propagated in ornamental and restoration plantings and occurs naturally in coastal forests; beekeepers maintain hives near mature stands to access the winter nectar flow; the species tolerates pruning and regenerates from seed, allowing sustainable management for bee forage without detrimental impact on wild populations.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Banksia saligna | (Andrews) J.Parm. | Catalogue des Arbres et Plantes cultiv?s dans les jardins. Enghien 1818 |
| Conchium salicifolium | (Vent.) C.F.Gaertn. | Suppl. Carp. 3: 217 (1807) |
| Conchium salignum | (Andrews) Sm. | Rees' Cyclopaedia 9 1807 |
| Embothrium salicifolium | Vent. | Descr. Pl. Nouv. : t. 8 (1800) |
| Embothrium salignum | Andrews | Bot. Repos. 3: t. 215 (1802) |
| Hakea mimosoides | A.Cunn. ex Meisn. | Prodr. 14: 416 (1856) |
| Hakea saligna | (Andrews) Knight | On the Cultivation of the Plants Belonging to the Natural Order of Proteeae 1809 |
| Hakea saligna var. angustifolia | A.A.Ham. | Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 45: 261 (1920) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Arabic | هاكيا صفصافية |
| Arabic | هاكية صفصافية |
| Arabic | فرضاخ صفصافي |
| Chinese | 柳叶哈克木 |
| Chinese | 柳叶荣桦 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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Southern Africa
- Cape Provinces
- Swaziland
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Southern Africa
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Australasia click to expand
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Australia
- New South Wales
- Norfolk Island
- Queensland
- South Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria
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New Zealand
- New Zealand North
- New Zealand South
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Australia
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Europe click to expand
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Southwestern Europe
- Portugal
- Spain
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Southwestern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000714461 |
| Tropicos | 100347039 |
| INPN | 100712 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:704322-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2837851 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 44416 |
| Observations.org | 142268 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 795997 |
| IUCN Red List | 113088688 |
| IPNI | 704322-1 |
| iNaturalist | 363485 |
| GBIF | 7287627 |
| Freebase | /m/0gywbq |
| EPPO | HKASA |
| USDA GRIN | 447100 |
| Wikipedia | Hakea_salicifolia |
| CMAUP | NPO14394 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
| Title | Authors | Publication | Released | IDs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stereo Camera Setup for 360° Digital Image Correlation to Reveal Smart Structures of Hakea Fruits | Fischer M, Mylo MD, Lorenz LS, Böckenholt L, Beismann H | Biomimetics (Basel) | 21-Mar-2024 |
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| Screening antibiofilm activity of invasive plants growing at the Slope Merapi Mountain, Central Java, against Candida albicans | Desrini S, Girardot M, Imbert C, Mustofa M, Nuryastuti T | BMC Complement Med Ther | 12-Jul-2023 |
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| Invasiveness, Monitoring and Control of Hakea sericea: A Systematic Review | Jacobson TK, Gerber D, Azevedo JC | Plants (Basel) | 07-Feb-2023 |
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| Effectiveness of plants and green infrastructure utilization in ambient particulate matter removal | Wróblewska K, Jeong BR | Environ Sci Eur | 25-Sep-2021 |
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| Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell | Crous PW, Lombard L, Sandoval-Denis M, Seifert KA, Schroers HJ, Chaverri P, Gené J, Guarro J, Hirooka Y, Bensch K, Kema GH, Lamprecht SC, Cai L, Rossman AY, Stadler M, Summerbell RC, Taylor JW, Ploch S, Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Frisvad JC, Abdel-Azeem AM, Abdollahzadeh J, Abdolrasouli A, Akulov A, Alberts JF, Araújo JP, Ariyawansa HA, Bakhshi M, Bendiksby M, Ben Hadj Amor A, Bezerra JD, Boekhout T, Câmara MP, Carbia M, Cardinali G, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Celis A, Chaturvedi V, Collemare J, Croll D, Damm U, Decock CA, de Vries RP, Ezekiel CN, Fan XL, Fernández NB, Gaya E, González CD, Gramaje D, Groenewald JZ, Grube M, Guevara-Suarez M, Gupta VK, Guarnaccia V, Haddaji A, Hagen F, Haelewaters D, Hansen K, Hashimoto A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Houbraken J, Hubka V, Hyde KD, Iturriaga T, Jeewon R, Johnston PR, Jurjević Ž, Karalti İ, Korsten L, Kuramae EE, Kušan I, Labuda R, Lawrence DP, Lee HB, Lechat C, Li HY, Litovka YA, Maharachchikumbura SS, Marin-Felix Y, Matio Kemkuignou B, Matočec N, McTaggart AR, Mlčoch P, Mugnai L, Nakashima C, Nilsson RH, Noumeur SR, Pavlov IN, Peralta MP, Phillips AJ, Pitt JI, Polizzi G, Quaedvlieg W, Rajeshkumar KC, Restrepo S, Rhaiem A, Robert J, Robert V, Rodrigues AM, Salgado-Salazar C, Samson RA, Santos AC, Shivas RG, Souza-Motta CM, Sun GY, Swart WJ, Szoke S, Tan YP, Taylor JE, Taylor PW, Tiago PV, Váczy KZ, van de Wiele N, van der Merwe NA, Verkley GJ, Vieira WA, Vizzini A, Weir BS, Wijayawardene NN, Xia JW, Yáñez-Morales MJ, Yurkov A, Zamora JC, Zare R, Zhang CL, Thines M | Stud Mycol | 17-Aug-2021 |
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| Vulnerability to xylem cavitation of Hakea species (Proteaceae) from a range of biomes and life histories predicted by climatic niche | Oyanoghafo OO, O’ Brien C, Choat B, Tissue D, Rymer PD | Ann Bot | 19-Feb-2021 |
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| Invasive Plants: Turning Enemies into Value | Máximo P, Ferreira LM, Branco PS, Lourenço A | Molecules | 01-Aug-2020 |
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| A Simple Method for Simulating Drought Effects on Plants | Marchin RM, Ossola A, Leishman MR, Ellsworth DS | Front Plant Sci | 21-Jan-2020 |
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| Acquisition and Loss of Secondary Metabolites Shaped the Evolutionary Path of Three Emerging Phytopathogens of Wheat | Thynne E, Mead OL, Chooi YH, McDonald MC, Solomon PS | Genome Biol Evol | 21-Feb-2019 |
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| Flavonoids in Ecuadorian Oreocallis grandiflora (Lam.) R. Br.: Perspectives of Use of This Species as a Food Supplement | Vinueza D, Yanza K, Tacchini M, Grandini A, Sacchetti G, Chiurato MA, Guerrini A | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med | 11-Dec-2018 |
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| Phylogenetic lineages in Pseudocercospora | Crous PW, Braun U, Hunter GC, Wingfield MJ, Verkley GJ, Shin HD, Nakashima C, Groenewald JZ | Stud Mycol | 06-Jun-2012 |
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 135 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O | 138.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| 3-Methoxysalicylic acid | 70140 | Click to see | 168.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / P-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| 4-Methoxybenzoic Acid | 7478 | Click to see | 152.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids | |||||
| 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid | 19 | Click to see | 154.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids | |||||
| Hydron phenoxide | 20488062 | Click to see | 94.11 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols | |||||
| Vanillin | 1183 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=O)O | 152.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Myristic Acid | 11005 | Click to see | 228.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Oleic Acid | 445639 | Click to see | 282.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Palmitoleic Acid | 445638 | Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 254.41 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Stearic Acid | 5281 | Click to see | 284.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Behenic Acid | 8215 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 340.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hexacosanoic Acid | 10469 | Click to see | 396.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lignoceric Acid | 11197 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 368.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids | |||||
| (2S,4aS,10aR)-1,1,4a-trimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydrophenanthren-2-ol | 13996029 | Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3(CCC(C(C3CC2)(C)C)O)C | 286.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Colensane and clerodane diterpenoids | |||||
| (3R,4R,4aS,8aS)-4-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-4-hydroxy-3,4a,8,8-tetramethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-one | 101717490 | Click to see | 318.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rotundifuran | 9841926 | Click to see CC1CC(C2C(CCCC2(C1(CCC3=COC=C3)O)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C | 362.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Vitetrifolin B | 15543011 | Click to see | 362.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Vitetrifolin C | 15543012 | Click to see | 360.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-alpha-Terpineol | 442501 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-[(1S)-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]propan-2-yl acetate | 93317 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(C)(C)OC(=O)C | 196.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Vitamin E compounds / Tocopherols | |||||
| (+)-gamma-Tocopherol | 92729 | Click to see | 416.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids | |||||
| Taraxerone | 92785 | Click to see | 424.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides | |||||
| (1S,4AS,7S,7aS)-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(((4-hydroxybenzoyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid | 23955877 | Click to see | 496.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| CID 51346123 | 51346123 | Click to see | 466.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Mussaenosidic acid | 21633105 | Click to see | 376.36 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Negundoside | 9935561 | Click to see | 496.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones | |||||
| [(1R,3R,4R,4aS,8aS)-4-hydroxy-3,4a,8,8-tetramethyl-4-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] acetate | 10022565 | Click to see CC1CC(C2C(CCCC2(C1(CCC3=CCOC3=O)O)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C | 378.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-[2-[(1R,2R,4aS,8aS)-1-hydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethyl]-2H-furan-5-one | 102105798 | Click to see CC1CCC2C(CCCC2(C1(CCC3=CC(=O)OC3)O)C)(C)C | 320.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Previtexilactone | 21636179 | Click to see | 378.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Vitexilactone | 21636178 | Click to see CC1CC(C2C(CCCC2(C1(CCC3=CC(=O)OC3)O)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C | 378.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | 64945 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3Alpha-Hydroxyurs-12-En-28-Oic Acid | 7163177 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Alpha-Amyrin | 73170 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Betulinic Acid | 64971 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Corosolic acid | 6918774 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)O)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O | 472.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lupeol | 259846 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| (2E)-2-[(4aS,5R,7R,8R,8aS)-5-acetyloxy-4,4,7,8a-tetramethylspiro[2,3,4a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-8,5'-oxolane]-2'-ylidene]acetic acid | 101357917 | Click to see | 364.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones | |||||
| Iso-ambreinolide | 15559824 | Click to see | 264.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydrofurans | |||||
| Vitex norditerpenoid 1 | 11208535 | Click to see CC1CCC2C(CCCC2(C13CCC(=CC=O)O3)C)(C)C | 290.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Vitex norditerpenoid 2 | 11462191 | Click to see | 348.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones | |||||
| Luteolin | 5280445 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O | 286.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides | |||||
| Vitexin | 5280441 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Bonanzin | 5379563 | Click to see | 374.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Artemetin | 5320351 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)OC)OC | 388.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Casticin | 5315263 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)OC)O | 374.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| chrysoplenol D | 5280699 | Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)OC(=C(C2=O)OC)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)OC | 360.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |