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Triticum turgidum subsp. durum

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Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644033177b102258467967
Scientific name Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
Authority (Desf.) Husn.
First published in Graminées : 80 (1899)

Description Top

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However, it can be consumed by individuals without these conditions as part of a healthy diet.

Durum wheat, also known as pasta wheat, is a tetraploid species of wheat that is the second most cultivated species after common wheat. It is known for its hard texture, which makes it ideal for making semolina and pasta. Durum wheat originated from the domesticated emmer wheat strains grown in Central Europe and the Near East around 7000 BC. It is the predominant wheat grown in the Middle East and is also used in North African and Levantine cuisines. Durum wheat is high in protein but is not a strong wheat in terms of forming a gluten network. It is primarily used for making pasta and semolina, but can also be used for making bread, couscous, and other dishes. Durum wheat is mostly grown in areas with low precipitation and is an important food crop in West Asia. It is also produced in significant quantities in Europe, Canada, and the United States. However, it is not suitable for people with gluten-related disorders, such as celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and wheat allergy.

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English durum wheat
English pasta wheat
English macaroni wheat
English ethiopian wheat
Spanish trigo candeal
Spanish trigo duro
Spanish trigo moruno
Afrikaans durum
Arabic قمح حبشي
Arabic قمح صلب
Bulgarian твърда пшеница
Catalan blat dur
Catalan riticum turgidum durum
Czech semolina
Czech pšenice naduřelá
Czech pšenice tvrdá
cv Хытă тулă
Welsh gwenith barfog
Danish durumhvede
Danish durum-hvede
German durum
German durumweizen
German glasweizen
German hartweizen
Esperanto durum-tritiko
Estonian kõva nisu
Basque gari gogor
Persian گندم الجزایری
Finnish lasivehnä
Finnish durumvehnä
Finnish kovavehnä
Finnish makaronivehnä
French ble dur
French blé dur
Irish cruithneacht chrua
Irish dúram
Hebrew דורום
Hungarian keményszemű búza
Hungarian durumbúza
Indonesian durum
io durum-frumento
Icelandic harðhveiti
Italian grano duro
Italian triticum turgidum subsp. durum
Italian frumento duro
Japanese デュラム小麦
Japanese トリティクム・ドゥールム
Japanese マカロニコムギ
Japanese マカロニ小麦
Japanese デュラムコムギ
jv durum
Georgian ხორბალი
Georgian მაგარი ხორბალი
Korean 듀럼
Korean 듀럼 밀
Korean 마카로니밀
Korean 듀럼밀
lmo formét dür
Lithuanian kietasis kvietys
Latvian cietie kvieši
Malay durum
Norwegian Bokmål hardhvete
Norwegian Bokmål makaronihvete
Norwegian Bokmål durumhvete
Norwegian Bokmål durum
Dutch durumtarwe
Dutch harde tarwe
Dutch durum
Norwegian Nynorsk durumkveite
Norwegian Nynorsk durum
oc blat dur
Polish pszenica twarda
Polish pszenica makaronowa
Polish pszenica durum
Romanian grâu dur
Russian твердая пшеница
Russian твёрдая пшеница
Russian пшеница твёрдая
Slovenian trda pšenica
Swedish hårdvete
Swedish durumvete
Swedish durum
Turkish durum buğdayı
tt каты бодай
Ukrainian пшениця тверда
Ukrainian тверда пшениця
Vietnamese lúa mỳ cứng
Vietnamese lúa mì cứng
xmf კიჭიბე ქობალკაკალი
Chinese 硬粒小麦

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

No distribution data was extracted from POWO/KEW yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000906469
USDA Plants TRAE4
Tropicos 25542387
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:425537-1
The Plant List kew-448411
Observations.org 384677
IPNI 425537-1
GBIF 2706417
Freebase /m/012c8k4h
EOL 1114083
Elurikkus 287210
USDA GRIN 317612
Wikipedia Triticum_aethiopicum
Tropicos 25511582
INPN 141978
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77188896-1
Open Tree Of Life 31915
NCBI Taxonomy 4567
IPNI 60476059-2
GBIF 6313051
USDA GRIN 406896
UNII R6FM3GK4QV
Canadensys 7999
USDA Plants TRDU3
Tropicos 25510036
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:425669-1
The Plant List kew-448630
Observations.org 124029
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000034044
Nature Serve 2.145466
IPNI 425669-1
iNaturalist 170035
GBIF 2706389
Freebase /m/020jl4
EPPO TRZDU
EOL 1115241
Elurikkus 8024
US Library of Congress sh85040059
USDA GRIN 40577
Wikipedia Durum_wheat
Open Tree Of Life 605173

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_900231445.1 Svevo.v1 Chromosome ITB-CNR 2019-02-13 270.0x 9.28 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Pharmacological Activities of Lonicerae japonicae flos and Its Derivative—“Chrysoeriol” in Skin Diseases Law SK, Wu XX, Jiang Z, Tong CW, Chow WY, Au DC Molecules 25-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11085288
doi:10.3390/molecules29091972
PMID:38731465
Antimicrobial, Herbicidal and pesticidal potential of Tunisian eucalyptus species: Chemoprofiling and biological evaluation Khedhri S, Polito F, Caputo L, Khammassi M, Dhaouadi F, Amri I, Hamrouni L, Mabrouk Y, Fratianni F, Nazzaro F, De Feo V Heliyon 24-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11076916
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29905
PMID:38720723
Features of the Effect of Quercetin on Different Genotypes of Wheat under Hypoxia Fedoreyeva LI, Lazareva EM, Kononenko NV Int J Mol Sci 19-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11050432
doi:10.3390/ijms25084487
PMID:38674072
Identification of Wheat Septoria tritici Resistance Genes in Wheat Germplasm Using Molecular Markers Kokhmetova A, Bolatbekova A, Zeleneva Y, Malysheva A, Bastaubayeva S, Bakhytuly K, Dutbayev Y, Tsygankov V Plants (Basel) 16-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11054562
doi:10.3390/plants13081113
PMID:38674522
Mitigating Effect of Trans-Zeatin on Cadmium Toxicity in Desmodesmus armatus Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A, Bonda-Ostaszewska E, Bajguz A Cells 15-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11049045
doi:10.3390/cells13080686
PMID:38667301
Monitoring Plant Height and Spatial Distribution of Biometrics with a Low-Cost Proximal Platform Bitella G, Bochicchio R, Castronuovo D, Lovelli S, Mercurio G, Rivelli AR, Rosati L, D’Antonio P, Casiero P, Laghetti G, Amato M, Rossi R Plants (Basel) 12-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11053701
doi:10.3390/plants13081085
PMID:38674495
Dissecting Genotype by Environment Interactions in Moroccan Wheat: An Advanced Biplot and Heatmap Analysis Unveiling Agronomic, Quality Traits, and Genotypic Stability for Tailored Breeding Strategies Hnizil O, Baidani A, Khlila I, Taghouti M, Nsarellah N, Amamou A Plants (Basel) 10-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11054286
doi:10.3390/plants13081068
PMID:38674477
Photosynthetic response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlamydomonas sp. 1710 to zinc toxicity Zhan D, Liu Y, Yu N, Hao C Front Microbiol 08-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11033396
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383360
PMID:38650883
Exploiting Agri-Food Waste as Feed for Tenebrio molitor Larvae Rearing: A Review Kotsou K, Chatzimitakos T, Athanasiadis V, Bozinou E, Lalas SI Foods 27-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11011778
doi:10.3390/foods13071027
PMID:38611333
Cereals can trap endophytic bacteria with potential beneficial traits when grown ex-situ in harsh soils Amenta ML, Vaccaro F, Varriale S, Sangaré JR, Defez R, Mengoni A, Bianco C FEMS Microbiol Ecol 27-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11009874
doi:10.1093/femsec/fiae041
PMID:38544316
Exploitation of the Genetic Variability of Diverse Metric Traits of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf.) Cultivars for Local Adaptation to Semi-Arid Regions of Algeria Fellahi ZE, Boubellouta T, Hannachi A, Belguet H, Louahdi N, Benmahammed A, Utkina AO, Rebouh NY Plants (Basel) 23-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11013882
doi:10.3390/plants13070934
PMID:38611465
Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet Godos J, Scazzina F, Paternò Castello C, Giampieri F, Quiles JL, Briones Urbano M, Battino M, Galvano F, Iacoviello L, de Gaetano G, Bonaccio M, Grosso G J Transl Med 21-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10956348
doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05095-w
PMID:38515140
Symbiotic fungi from a wild grass (Celtica gigantea) increase the growth, grain yield and quality of tritordeum under field conditions Zabalgogeazcoa I, Arellano JB, Mellado-Ortega E, Barro F, Martínez-Castilla A, González-Blanco V, Vázquez de Aldana BR AoB Plants 15-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11005784
doi:10.1093/aobpla/plae013
PMID:38601215
Infrared Thermography Monitoring of Durum and Common Wheat for Adaptability Assessing and Yield Performance Prediction Rippa M, Di Mola I, Ottaiano L, Cozzolino E, Mormile P, Mori M Plants (Basel) 14-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10974194
doi:10.3390/plants13060836
PMID:38592920
Thylakoid ultrastructural variations in chlorophyll-deficient wheat: aberrations or structural acclimation? Aliprandi E, Demaria S, Colpo A, Brestič M, Živčak M, Martina A, Pancaldi S, Baldisserotto C, Ferroni L Planta 13-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10937782
doi:10.1007/s00425-024-04362-w
PMID:38478121

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid 3469 Click to see 154.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00021A005
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 135 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O 138.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00021A005
Protocatechuic Acid 72 Click to see 154.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00021A005
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives
Syringic Acid 10742 Click to see 198.17 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00021A005
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Vanillic Acid 8468 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O 168.15 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00021A005
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenyls and derivatives
Diferulic acid 5281770 Click to see 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-5210(98)90005-4
https://doi.org/10.1006/JCRS.2002.0464
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylpyruvic acid derivatives
8-4'-Dehydrodiferulic acid 157009740 Click to see 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/JCRS.2002.0464
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-5210(98)90005-4
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Resorcinols
5-Heneicosylresorcinol 155461 Click to see 404.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0530805
5-Heptadecylbenzene-1,3-diol 181700 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)O 348.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0530805
5-Nonadecylresorcinol 161858 Click to see 376.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0530805
5-Pentacosylbenzene-1,3-diol 155463 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)O 460.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0530805
5-Tricosyl-1,3-benzenediol 155462 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)O 432.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0530805
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Hentriacontane 12410 Click to see 436.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Nonacosane 12409 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 408.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Myristic Acid 11005 Click to see 228.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Oleic Acid 445639 Click to see 282.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Palmitic Acid 985 Click to see 256.42 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Stearic Acid 5281 Click to see 284.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids
2-Tetracosenoic acid 152909 Click to see 366.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Dotriacontanoic acid 19255 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O 480.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Hexacosanoic Acid 10469 Click to see 396.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Lignoceric Acid 11197 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O 368.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Octacosanoic acid 10470 Click to see 424.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Tetracosenoic Acid 6440260 Click to see 366.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Triacontanoic acid 10471 Click to see 452.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
(25R)-25-hydroxyhentriacontane-14,16-dione 162874151 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(CCCCCC)O 480.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85123-4
1-Hexacosanol 68171 Click to see 382.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
1-Octacosanol 68406 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO 410.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
1-Tetracosanol 10472 Click to see 354.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
1-Triacontanol 68972 Click to see 438.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
25-Hydroxyhentriacontane-14,16-dione 537150 Click to see 480.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85123-4
Docosanol 12620 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO 326.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Dotriacontanol 96117 Click to see 466.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty aldehydes
Dotriacontanal 185893 Click to see 464.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Hexacosanal 3084462 Click to see 380.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Octacosanal 3084376 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=O 408.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Tetracosanal 557529 Click to see 352.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
Triacontanal 3084375 Click to see 436.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00069A012
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
Chlorogenic Acid 1794427 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O 354.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00021A005
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds / Beta-diketones
Hentriacontane-14,16-dione 441489 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC 464.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)85123-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids
Antileishmanial agent-7 6079067 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(C2C(=O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)C=CC(=O)O 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/JCRS.2002.0464
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-5210(98)90005-4
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
3-(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenyl)Prop-2-Enoic Acid 709 Click to see 194.18 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/JCRS.1996.0090
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-5210(98)90005-4
https://doi.org/10.1006/JCRS.2002.0464
Caffeic Acid 689043 Click to see 180.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00021A005
Ferulic Acid 445858 Click to see 194.18 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/JCRS.2002.0464
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00021A005
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-5210(98)90005-4
https://doi.org/10.1006/JCRS.1996.0090
P-Coumaric Acid 637542 Click to see 164.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00021A005
Sinapic acid 10743 Click to see 224.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/JCRS.2002.0464
Sinapinic acid 637775 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)O 224.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/JCRS.2002.0464
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
5-8'-Dehydrodiferulic acid 157009739 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)C(=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)C(=O)O)C=CC(=O)O 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1006/JCRS.2002.0464
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-5210(98)90005-4

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