Woodfordia fruticosa
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644047ca68f69859555459 |
| Scientific name | Woodfordia fruticosa |
| Authority | Kurz |
| First published in | J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 40: 56 (1871) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Woodfordia fruticosa flowers are used as a fermentation aid in Indian and South Asian pharmacy and food practice, but they have also been administered as medicinal drinks. In North Indian Unani practice, dried flowers in a short decoction are taken for dysentery (WHO, 1998). In Bengal and Bangladesh, they are boiled as a decoction for diarrhea and dysentery and are given in small doses for bleeding piles (Jain and Borthakur, 1986; Joshi, 2000). In traditional tribal and folk systems of central India, the same boiled “tea” is taken for hemorrhagic dysentery and some consider a weak infusion as a wash for wounds (CSIR, 1972). These preparations use only the dried flowers.
As a practical example, a common dysentery tea is prepared by boiling 2–4 g of dried Woodfordia fruticosa flowers in about 250–300 ml of water for 8–10 minutes, cooling the liquid, and drinking it in small, divided doses over the day. Most references suggest limiting daily intake to 6–12 g of the dried flowers and continuing for no more than 5–7 days. Some formulations and sources note that these preparations are usually taken alongside other herbs and that the taste can be strongly astringent; little advice is given specifically for pregnancy or lactation, but folk texts discourage heavy use in these conditions and in infants without professional supervision (Joshi, 2000; WHO, 1998).
The activity of this remedy is plausibly explained by its well-established chemistry. The flowers are rich in tannins (hydrolyzable and condensed), contain flavonols such as quercetin and myricetin, and also provide anthocyanins, oenothein B-type macrocyclic ellagitannins, and phenolic acids. The astringent effect of tannins aligns with the common use for diarrhea, dysentery, and bleeding from hemorrhoids (CSIR, 1972).
Today, commercial crude drug markets continue to supply dried “Dhataki” flowers for pharmacy and domestic use, and the plant is still widely used in household and clinic practice as a dysentery/diarrhea tea and fermenting aid. Emerging chemical work has strengthened interest in its gut-health polyphenols, while teams studying traditional antidiarrheal preparations report it as an active ingredient (Bennett et al., 2021).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Colorants and tanning:
The dried flowers contain anthocyanins (notably cyanidin glycosides) and give a red to crimson coloration on protein fibers (wool, silk) under neutral to slightly acidic conditions, typically used as a substantive or mordanted dye bath. The leaves and bark contain high levels of hydrolyzable tannins (gallotannins/ellagitannins) and are used for tanning and dyeing leather and textiles, producing brown hues; traditional practice often combines them with metal salts or iron mordants to obtain deep brown and black shades.
Properties relevant to use:
Anthocyanin stability in W. fruticosa is light-sensitive but yields intense colors in slightly acidic media; hydrolyzable tannins confer high reactivity with protein fibers and hide collagen, enabling both dyeing and tanning. Tannins also bind metals, facilitating modified shades on mordanted fibers.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Lythrum punctatum | Span. | Linnaea 15: 202 (1841) |
| Woodfordia floribunda | Salisb. | Parad. Lond. 1: t. 42 (1806) |
| Acistoma coccineum | Zipp. ex Span. | Linnaea 15: 202 (1841) |
| Grislea punctata | Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. | Cycl. 17: n.º 2 (1811) |
| Grislea tomentosa | Roxb. | Pl. Coromandel 1: 29 (1795) |
| Lythrum fruticosum | L. | Syst. Nat. ed. 10 , 2: 1045 (1759) |
| Woodfordia tomentosa | Bedd. | Fl. Sylv. Madr. 117. |
| Lythrum hunteri | DC. | Prodr. 3: 83 (1828) |
| Woodfordia fruticosa f. genuina | Kurz ex Koehne | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 334 (1881) |
| Woodfordia fruticosa var. punctata | Blume | Mus. Bot. 2: 127 (1856) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Arabic | ثعابة مخشوشبة |
| Hindi | गुल धावी |
| Indonesian | sidowayah |
| mad | podhi |
| Malayalam | താതിരി |
| Marathi | धायटी |
| Nepali | धाइरो |
| Chinese | 红皮水锦树 |
| Chinese | 虾子花 |
| Chinese | 虾子花叶 |
| Chinese | 吴福花 |
| Chinese | 蝦子花 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
East Tropical Africa
- Tanzania
-
Western Indian Ocean
- Comoros
- Madagascar
-
East Tropical Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Arabian Peninsula
- Saudi Arabia
-
China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
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Indo-China
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Jawa
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Philippines
- Sulawesi
-
Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0001075906 |
| UNII | 24E8P75N3J |
| Tropicos | 19200233 |
| INPN | 706934 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:554290-1 |
| The Plant List | tro-19200233 |
| PFAF | Woodfordia fruticosa |
| Open Tree Of Life | 690828 |
| Observations.org | 460836 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 141189 |
| IUCN Red List | 39058 |
| IPNI | 554290-1 |
| iNaturalist | 444872 |
| GBIF | 5635525 |
| Freebase | /m/02z05ss |
| EOL | 2890103 |
| Elurikkus | 560338 |
| USDA GRIN | 42056 |
| Wikipedia | Woodfordia_fruticosa |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids | |||||
| Gallic Acid | 370 | Click to see | 170.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.2687 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | 64945 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097262 |
| Betulin | 72326 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO | 442.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097262 |
| Betulinic Acid | 64971 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097262 |
| Lupeol | 259846 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097262 |
| Oleanolic Acid | 10494 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097262 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17S)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 122411793 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097262 |
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1097262 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| Sucrose | 5988 | Click to see | 342.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(93)90056-B |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 44259215 | Click to see | 434.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.2687 |
| Guaijaverin | 5481224 | Click to see | 434.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.2687 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins | |||||
| .beta-Penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose | 374874 | Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O | 940.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| 1,2,3,6-Tetra-O-Galloyl-Beta-D-Glucose | 73178 | Click to see | 788.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| 1,2,3,6-Tetragalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose | 5153644 | Click to see | 788.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| 1,2,4,6-Tetra-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose | 11297287 | Click to see | 788.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| 1,2,4,6-Tetragalloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose | 14464350 | Click to see | 788.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose | 65238 | Click to see | 940.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
| (3,4,5,12,13,21,22,23-Octahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-11-yl) 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 13932611 | Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O | 634.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| [(10R,11R,12R,13R,15R)-3,4,5,12,21,22,23-heptahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-13-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-11-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 14481558 | Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5C6=C(C(=C(C=C6C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O | 786.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| [(10R,11R,12R,13S,15R)-3,4,5,12,13,21,22,23-octahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-11-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 10461723 | Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4C5=C(C(=C(C=C5C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O | 634.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| [(11R,12R,14R,15R,37R,38R,40R,57R,58S,64S)-4,5,6,20,21,22,25,26,30,31,32,38,46,47,48,51,52-heptadecahydroxy-9,17,35,43,55,61-hexaoxo-12,64-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-2,10,13,16,28,36,39,42,56,62-decaoxaundecacyclo[35.15.6.514,27.111,15.03,8.018,23.029,34.040,57.044,49.050,54.024,60]tetrahexaconta-1(52),3,5,7,18,20,22,24,26,29,31,33,44,46,48,50,53,59-octadecaen-58-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 16137984 | Click to see C1C2C3C(C(C(O2)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4OC5=C(C(=C6C(=C5)C(=O)OCC7C(C(C(C(O7)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)O)O)O)OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9OC2=C(C(=C(C(=C2)C(=O)O3)C2=C(C(=C(C=C2C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C16)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O | 1721.20 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.2687 |
| [(11R,12S,14R,15R,37R,38R,40R,57R,58S,64S)-4,5,6,20,21,22,25,26,30,31,32,38,46,47,48,51,52-heptadecahydroxy-9,17,35,43,55,61-hexaoxo-12,64-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-2,10,13,16,28,36,39,42,56,62-decaoxaundecacyclo[35.15.6.514,27.111,15.03,8.018,23.029,34.040,57.044,49.050,54.024,60]tetrahexaconta-1(52),3,5,7,18,20,22,24,26,29,31,33,44,46,48,50,53,59-octadecaen-58-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 118856192 | Click to see | 1721.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.2687 |
| [11-Formyl-4,5,6,14,21,22,25,26,30,31,32,46,47,48,51,52-hexadecahydroxy-9,17,35,43,55,61-hexaoxo-38,58-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-2,10,16,28,36,39,42,56,62-nonaoxadecacyclo[38.12.5.413,27.137,41.03,8.018,23.029,34.044,49.050,54.024,60]dohexaconta-1(52),3,5,7,18(23),19,21,24,26,29,31,33,44,46,48,50,53,59-octadecaen-12-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 16197486 | Click to see | 1705.20 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2023 https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-5199 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.2687 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961195 |
| [21-[2-[[3,4,5,13,21,22,23-Heptahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-11-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-12-yl]oxycarbonyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyphenoxy]-3,4,5,13,22,23-hexahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-11-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-12-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-[(7,13,14-trihydroxy-3,10-dioxo-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.2.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-1(15),4,6,8(16),11,13-hexaen-6-yl)oxy]benzoate | 163195972 | Click to see | 1871.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2023 |
| [3,4,5,13,21,22,23-Heptahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-11-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-12-yl] 2-[[3,4,5,13,22,23-hexahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-11-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-12-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-[(7,13,14-trihydroxy-3,10-dioxo-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.2.04,16.011,15]hexadeca-1(15),4,6,8(16),11,13-hexaen-6-yl)oxy]benzoyl]oxy-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-21-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 162906631 | Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3OC4=C(C(=C5C(=C4)C(=O)OCC6C(C(C(C(O6)O)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7OC8=C(C9=C2C(=C8)C(=O)OC3=C2C(=CC(=C3O)O)C(=O)O9)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)O)O)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C25)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)O)O)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C2=C(C(=C(C=C2C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O | 1871.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2023 |
| [3,4,5,13,21,22,23-Heptahydroxy-8,18-dioxo-12-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-9,14,17-trioxatetracyclo[17.4.0.02,7.010,15]tricosa-1(23),2,4,6,19,21-hexaen-11-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 5153915 | Click to see | 786.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| [4,5,6,20,21,22,25,26,30,31,32,38,46,47,48,51,52-Heptadecahydroxy-9,17,35,43,55,61-hexaoxo-12,64-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-2,10,13,16,28,36,39,42,56,62-decaoxaundecacyclo[35.15.6.514,27.111,15.03,8.018,23.029,34.040,57.044,49.050,54.024,60]tetrahexaconta-1(52),3,5,7,18,20,22,24,26,29,31,33,44,46,48,50,53,59-octadecaen-58-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 16170952 | Click to see | 1721.20 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961195 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2023 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.2687 https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-5199 |
| CID 16170051 | 16170051 | Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3OC4=C(C5=C6C(=C4)C(=O)OC7=C6C(=CC(=C7O)O)C(=O)O5)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)O)O)O)OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9C2=C(C(=C(C=C2C(=O)O1)OC1=C(C(=C(C=C1C(=O)OC1C(C(C(OC1O)CO)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 1569.10 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2023 |
| CID 16182043 | 16182043 | Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3OC4=C(C(=C5C(=C4)C(=O)OCC6C(C(C(C(O6)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)O)O)O)OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9)O)O)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C25)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2)O)O)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C2=C(C(=C(C=C2C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O | 1723.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| CID 442690 | 442690 | Click to see C1C2C(C(C(C(O2)O)OC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5C6=C(C(=C(C=C6C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O | 786.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| Ellagic Acid | 5281855 | Click to see | 302.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.2687 |
| Gemin D | 471119 | Click to see | 634.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| Heterophylliin A | 471120 | Click to see | 786.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| Isoschimawalin A | 16130370 | Click to see | 1254.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2023 |
| Oenothein B | 16129800 | Click to see | 1569.10 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 |
| Woodfordin A | 16130308 | Click to see | 1725.20 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-5199 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2023 |
| Woodfordin B | 16130309 | Click to see | 1723.20 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2023 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.38.1211 https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-89-5199 |
| Woodfordin D | 16131182 | Click to see | 2505.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2023 |
| Woodfordin I | 16130412 | Click to see | 1737.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2023 |
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| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |