Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

In traditional Chinese materia medica, Fritillaria thunbergii is listed as Zhè Bèi Mǔ and has long been used as a decoction of the sliced bulb to treat cough, reduce phlegm, and “clear Lung Heat.” Chinese herbal texts specify dose ranges in decoctions and often advise boiling the slices before use; this practice is recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other national standards of Chinese materia medica. Among herbalists in parts of southern China and coastal provinces where “Bai Mu” is cultivated, the same cold decoction of sliced bulb is taken as a mild expectorant tea in early respiratory illness, while in eastern China a brief infusion of the dried slices is also taken as a throat-soothing drink (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020; Tang and Eisenbrand 1992; Wen 2002).

In traditional Korean medicine, the same bulb material is known as Banha or Baekhap and is used similarly in decoctions for cough and productive sputum; Korean medicinal texts describe a short water decoction of the bulb and sometimes a warm infusion for throat irritation. In the Japanese Kampo tradition, bulb material identified as Fritillaria thunbergii (known locally as Baimai or Hebai) is also employed as an expectorant and antitussive remedy, typically in decoctions, with Kampo practitioners recording preparation details in herbal manuals used in clinical training (Kim 1998; Lee 1996; Nakamura 2007).

To make a simple bulb decoction, simmer 3–9 g of sliced dried bulb in 250–300 mL water for 15–20 minutes, strain, and sip in divided doses through the day; for a more concentrated liquid extract, place 25 g of sliced dried bulb in 125 mL of 40% ethanol, macerate 2–4 weeks, and take 2–5 mL two or three times daily. Safety notes are important: the bulbs contain bioactive alkaloids, and the plant is not recommended during pregnancy or in small children without professional guidance. The alkaloids most often linked to its antitussive and expectorant activity—verticine, verticinone, and peimisine—have been characterized for Fritillaria thunbergii and are consistent with the kinds of bioactivity reported in classical texts.

Modern relevance: work on standardized extracts and identification of peimine-type alkaloids continues to inform quality control, and Fritillaria thunbergii bulb remains commercially available as a Traditional Chinese Medicine material.

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Uvularia cirrhosa	Thunb.	Syst. Veg. ed. 14 : 325 (1784)
Fritillaria austroanhuiensis	Y.K.Yang & J.K.Wu	Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 5: 44 (1985)
Fritillaria chekiangensis	(Hsiao & K.C.Hsia) Y.K.Yang, Z.H.Lin & C.Lin	J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 5: 143 (1987)
Fritillaria collicola	Hance	J. Bot. 8: 76 (1870)
Fritillaria thunbergii var. chekiangensis	Hsiao & K.C.Hsia	Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15(2): 42 (1977)
Fritillaria verticillata var. thunbergii	(Miq.) Baker	J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 258. 1874
Fritillaria xiaobeimu	Y.K.Yang, J.Z.Shao & M.M.Fang	J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 5: 142 (1987)

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
Chinese	浙贝母
Chinese	浙貝母

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Expose seeds to natural outdoor winter conditions for 3 months, then gradually increase light and temperature in the spring.

Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate.

grow seedlings at cool temperature; leave in pot for 2 years

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China Southeast
  - Xinjiang
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000768116
UNII	8V19OM31TK
Tropicos	18404501
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:535342-1
The Plant List	kew-306913
Open Tree Of Life	935709
NCBI Taxonomy	108546
IPNI	535342-1
iNaturalist	565533
GBIF	5300784
EOL	1088584
USDA GRIN	402590
Wikipedia	Fritillaria_thunbergii
CMAUP	NPO4487

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Commodity risk assessment of Petunia spp. and Calibrachoa spp. unrooted cuttings from Kenya

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Manda RR, Schulz OM, Akrivou A, Antonatos S, Beris D, Debode J, Kritikos C, Kormpi M, Lacomme C, Manceau C, Papachristos D, Reppa C, Gardi C, Potting R

EFSA J

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11044013
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8742
PMID:	38665158

Research on the metabolic regulation mechanism of Yangyin Qingfei decoction plus in severe pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in mice

Zhang T, Zhao X, Zhang X, Liang X, Guan Z, Wang G, Liu G, Wu Z

Front Pharmacol

17-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11061391
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1376812
PMID:	38694915

Qingfei mixture modulates the immune responses in lung cancer through modulating mTOR signaling and gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids

Qian X, Chen Z, Ji XM, Ji YL, Wang J, Liu YC, Zhou XC, Li QL, Li CY, Zhang AQ

Heliyon

16-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11041045
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29404
PMID:	38660245

Traditional Chinese medicine treatment for benign thyroid nodules: Literature review

Cheng CY, Chen CY, Chen JJ, Chuang CY

Tzu Chi Med J

26-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11025596
doi:	10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_178_23
PMID:	38645786

A multi-center cross-sectional study of Chinese Herbal Medicine-Drug adverse reactions using active surveillance in Singapore’s Traditional Chinese Medicine clinics

Ng CY, Zhao Y, Wang N, Chia KL, Teo CH, Peh W, Yeo P, Zhong LL

Chin Med

07-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10918936
doi:	10.1186/s13020-024-00915-z
PMID:	38454483

Antitumour mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine elicited by regulating tumour-associated macrophages in solid tumour microenvironments

Gao J, Tan W, Yuan L, Wang H, Wen J, Sun K, Chen X, Wang S, Deng W

Heliyon

02-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10923716
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27220
PMID:	38463777

Bufei Yishen formula protects the airway epithelial barrier and ameliorates COPD by enhancing autophagy through the Sirt1/AMPK/Foxo3 signaling pathway

Jia L, Liu X, Liu X, Guan Q, Tian Y, Li J, Zhao P

Chin Med

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10900682
doi:	10.1186/s13020-024-00905-1
PMID:	38413976

Yangyinghuoxue decoction exerts a treatment effect on hepatic fibrosis by PI3K/AKT pathway in rat model: based on the network pharmacology and molecular docking

Bai YM, Liang S, Zhou B

Aging (Albany NY)

15-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10929827
doi:	10.18632/aging.205559
PMID:	38364259

Natural products in osteoarthritis treatment: bridging basic research to clinical applications

Fang S, Zhang B, Xiang W, Zheng L, Wang X, Li S, Zhang T, Feng D, Gong Y, Wu J, Yuan J, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Liu E, Ni Z

Chin Med

15-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10870578
doi:	10.1186/s13020-024-00899-w
PMID:	38360724

Lianhua Qingke Preserves Mucociliary Clearance in Rat with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Maintaining Ciliated Cells Proportion and Protecting Structural Integrity and Beat Function of Cilia

Wang X, Hao Y, Yin Y, Hou Y, Han N, Liu Y, Li Z, Wei Y, Ma K, Gu J, Ma Y, Qi H, Jia Z

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis

07-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10859105
doi:	10.2147/COPD.S436323
PMID:	38343495

Explorative study for the rapid detection of Fritillaria using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry

Dai Y, Liu S, Yang L, He Y, Guo X, Ma Y, Li S, Huang D

Front Nutr

06-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10877000
doi:	10.3389/fnut.2024.1361668
PMID:	38379552

Efficacy and Influencing Factors of Sangju Cough Mixture in the Adjuvant Treatment of Adult Patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection: A Retrospective Study

Yang X, Liu Z, Liu X, Li Q, Huang H, Zhang Z

Infect Drug Resist

26-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10829505
doi:	10.2147/IDR.S438202
PMID:	38298533

Peiminine Exerts Its Anti-Acne Effects by Regulating the NF-κB Pathway

Cha SJ, Kim SS, Shin JH, Seo SR

Antioxidants (Basel)

22-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10812726
doi:	10.3390/antiox13010131
PMID:	38275656

Suppressing inflammatory signals and apoptosis-linked sphingolipid metabolism underlies therapeutic potential of Qing-Jin-Hua-Tan decoction against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Yang J, Shen X, Qin M, Zhou P, Huang FH, You Y, Wang L, Wu JM

Heliyon

18-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10839876
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24336
PMID:	38318072

Modified Qing-Zao-Jiu-Fei decoction attenuated pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in rats via modulating Nrf2/NF-κB and MAPKs pathways

Zhu JQ, Tian YY, Chan KL, Hu Z, Xu QQ, Lin ZX, Xian YF

Chin Med

16-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10790405
doi:	10.1186/s13020-024-00882-5
PMID:	38229198

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones
Aethiopinone	157301	Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C=C(C(=O)C2=O)C(C)C)CCCC(=C)C	296.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans
O-Ethylcubebin	13939336	Click to see	384.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(7-ethenyl-1,4a,7-trimethyl-3,4,4b,5,6,8,10,10a-octahydro-2H-phenanthren-1-yl)methanol	15586710	Click to see	288.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
1-Phenanthrenemethanol, 7-ethenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,10,10a-dodecahydro-1,4a,7-trimethyl-, (1S,4aR,4bS,7S,10aR)-	158539	Click to see CC1(CCC2C(=CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)CO)C)C1)C=C	288.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
13-Epimanool	10891602	Click to see	290.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Elliotinol	12303806	Click to see	288.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
methyl (1S,4aR,4bS,7S,10aR)-7-ethenyl-1,4a,7-trimethyl-3,4,4b,5,6,8,10,10a-octahydro-2H-phenanthrene-1-carboxylate	5318629	Click to see CC1(CCC2C(=CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C(=O)OC)C)C1)C=C	316.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
methyl 1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-5-(3-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl)-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylate	535072	Click to see CC(=CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)OC)C)C=C	316.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
Methyl trans-communate	11141639	Click to see CC(=CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)OC)C)C=C	316.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
(14-Methoxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-14-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl)methanol	73819941	Click to see	320.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
(16R)-ent-Kauran-16,17-epoxide	21670063	Click to see	288.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
(1S,4R,9R,10R,13R,14S)-14-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,9-trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-14-ol	12112093	Click to see	306.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
(5,5,9-Trimethyl-14-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadec-14-enyl)methanol	14019136	Click to see	288.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
[(1S,4R,9R,10R,13R,14S)-14-methoxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-14-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl]methanol	21670064	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(C4)(CO)OC)C)C	320.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
5',5',9'-Trimethylspiro[oxirane-2,14'-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane]	14487105	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C5(C4)CO5)C)C	288.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
ent-Kaur-15-en-16-ol	21670065	Click to see	288.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
Kauran-16,17-diol	13816761	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(C4)(CO)O)C)C	306.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
Kaurane-16,17-diol	13816758	Click to see	306.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
1,7,11-Trimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-15-oxabicyclo[12.1.0]pentadeca-5,10-dien-7-ol	72727937	Click to see CC1=CCCC(C=CC(CCC2(C(O2)CC1)C)C(C)C)(C)O	306.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(+)-Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S,4aR,6aR,7R,10aS,10bR)-3-ethenyl-3,4a,7,10a-tetramethyl-2,5,6,6a,8,9,10,10b-octahydro-1H-benzo[f]chromene-7-carboxylic acid	44575334	Click to see	320.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
23-Hydroxyursolic Acid	14136881	Click to see	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Asiatic Acid	119034	Click to see	488.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Corosolic Acid	6918774	Click to see	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hederagenin	73299	Click to see	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Labd-14-ene, 8,13-epoxy-, (13S)-	6432025	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC3(C2CCC(O3)(C)C=C)C)C)C	290.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Maslinic Acid	73659	Click to see	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Oleanolic Acid	10494	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / Cerveratrum-type alkaloids
(-)-Zhebeinine	21121503	Click to see	431.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0286-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85314-H
(1R,2S,4S,6S,9S,10S,11S,14R,15S,17S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-oxido-4-azoniahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosane-10,17,20-triol	163188806	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3C[N+]2(C1)[O-])CC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)O)(C)O	447.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791
(1R,2S,4S,6S,9S,10S,11S,14S,15S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-10,20-dihydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-oxido-4-azoniahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-17-one	163190131	Click to see	445.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791
(1R,2S,6R,9S,10S,11S,14S,15S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-20-hydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-17-one	162943682	Click to see	413.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85314-H
(1R,2S,6R,9S,11S,14S,15S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-20-hydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-17-one	101687687	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(=O)C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C	413.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,2S,6S,9S,10S,11S,14S,15S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-20-hydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-17-one	127031870	Click to see	413.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85314-H
(1R,2S,6S,9S,11S,14S,15S,17R,18S,20S,23R,24S)-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosane-10,17,20-triol	102063130	Click to see	431.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,2S,6S,9S,11S,14S,15S,17S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosane-10,17,20-triol	101297579	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)O)(C)O	431.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1R,2S,6S,9S,11S,14S,15S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-10,20-dihydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-17-one	102063129	Click to see	429.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00049-2
(1R,2S,6S,9S,11S,14S,15S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-20-hydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-17-one	102062796	Click to see	413.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JS960211V https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00049-2
(3b,5a,6a)-Cevane-3,6,20-triol	118701092	Click to see	431.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
6,10,23-Trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosane-10,17,20-triol	3727034	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)O)(C)O	431.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85314-H https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.8.302 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80040-X
Cevane-3,6,20-triol	21121502	Click to see	431.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.8.302
CID 14240939	14240939	Click to see	413.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85314-H
Ebeiedine	101324888	Click to see	415.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)01083-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00049-2
Hupehenine	14240934	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)O)C	415.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)01083-9
Imperialine	442977	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(=O)C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)(C)O	429.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)01083-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00867-5
Isoverticine	21573744	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)O)(C)O	431.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kashmirine	5221	Click to see	429.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80040-X
Peimine	131900	Click to see	431.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHROMA.2008.03.093 https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80040-X
Peiminine	5320446	Click to see	429.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Puqiedine	101400593	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)O)C	415.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sinpeinine A	126149	Click to see	413.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Verticine N-oxide	163184365	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3C[N+]2(C1)[O-])CC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)O)(C)O	447.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791
Verticinone	167691	Click to see	429.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80040-X
Verticinone N-oxide	163184364	Click to see	445.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / Jerveratrum-type alkaloids
(3'aR,4aR,6aS,6bR,7'aR,9R,11aS,11bR)-3-hydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[1,2,3,4,4a,6,6a,6b,7,8,11,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-5-one	138114701	Click to see CC1CC2C(C(C3(O2)CCC4C5CC(=O)C6CC(CCC6(C5CC4=C3C)C)O)C)NC1	427.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0286-1
(3S,3'R,3'aS,6'S,6aR,6bS,7'aR,9R,11aS,11bR)-3-hydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[1,2,3,4,4a,6,6a,6b,7,8,11,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-5-one	102119835	Click to see	427.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S,3'R,3'aS,6'S,6aR,6bS,9R,11aS,11bR)-3-hydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[1,2,3,4,4a,6,6a,6b,7,8,11,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-5-one	21123947	Click to see	427.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(3S,3'R,4aS,6'S,6aR,6bS,7'aR,9R,11aS,11bR)-3-hydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[1,2,3,4,4a,6,6a,6b,7,8,11,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-5-one	71751476	Click to see	427.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4-Acetyl-3,6,6',11'-tetramethyl-17'-oxospiro[3,3a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine-2,5'-7-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,8.06,8.011,16]octadecane]-14'-yl) acetate	162844193	Click to see	527.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791
[(1'R,2R,2'S,3R,3aS,6S,6'S,7aR,8'S,10'S,11'R,14'S,16'S)-4-acetyl-3,6,6',11'-tetramethyl-17'-oxospiro[3,3a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine-2,5'-7-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,8.06,8.011,16]octadecane]-14'-yl] acetate	162844194	Click to see CC1CC2C(C(C3(O2)CCC4C5CC(=O)C6CC(CCC6(C5CC47C3(O7)C)C)OC(=O)C)C)N(C1)C(=O)C	527.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791
3-hydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[1,2,3,4,4a,6,6a,6b,7,8,11,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-5-one	5320448	Click to see	427.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791
Peimisine	161294	Click to see CC1CC2C(C(C3(O2)CCC4C5CC(=O)C6CC(CCC6(C5CC4=C3C)C)O)C)NC1	427.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYMED.2011.12.010
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,16S,17R)-17-[(1S)-1-[(2S,5S)-1,5-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl]ethyl]-16-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	21575049	Click to see	738.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80040-X
2-[2-[[17-[1-(1,5-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl]-16-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	73157126	Click to see	738.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80040-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(1S,2S,6S,9R,10S,11S,14S,15S,17S,18S,20S,23R,24S)-10,17-dihydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-20-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162857121	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3CCC4C(C3CN2C1)CC5C4CC(C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)O)(C)O	593.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.8.302
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2S,7S,10R,11S,14S,15R,16S,17R,20S,23S)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	21573770	Click to see	868.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80040-X
(3beta)-Solanid-5-en-3-yl 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside	119393	Click to see	705.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80040-X
2-[(10,17-Dihydroxy-6,10,23-trimethyl-4-azahexacyclo[12.11.0.02,11.04,9.015,24.018,23]pentacosan-20-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	73656859	Click to see	593.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.8.302
2-[4-Hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl)oxy]-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	14609331	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3C(N2C1)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C	868.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80040-X
beta1-Chaconine	12302820	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3C(N2C1)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)O)O)C)C)C	705.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80040-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	12309073	Click to see	576.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0286-1
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-012-0286-1
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides
2-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one	6802	Click to see	283.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one	6021	Click to see	268.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSSC.200900866
Adenosine	60961	Click to see C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)N	267.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Pyrimidine nucleosides
Cytidine	6175	Click to see C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)C2C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O	243.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSSC.200900866
Uridine	6029	Click to see	244.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Pyrimidine nucleosides / Pyrimidine 2-deoxyribonucleosides
Thymidine	5789	Click to see CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2CC(C(O2)CO)O	242.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSSC.200900866
> Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
2alpha,3alpha,16alpha-Trihydroxy-23-noroleana-12,4(24)-diene-28-oic acid	101844542	Click to see CC1(CCC2(C(C1)C3=CCC4C(C3(CC2O)C)(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5=C)O)O)C)C)C(=O)O)C	472.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,11R,12aR,14bS)-10,11-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,12a-pentamethyl-9-methylidene-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	637444	Click to see	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
Chrysosporazine G	146684649	Click to see	600.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.30.3912
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazines / Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives / Pyrimidones
Uracil	1174	Click to see	112.09	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives
2-amino-3,7-dihydropurin-6-one	764	Click to see C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=O)N=C(N2)N	151.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/JSSC.200900866
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans / Naphthopyranones
Ambreinolide	11807560	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC3(C2CCC(=O)O3)C)C)C	264.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Piperidines / N-acylpiperidines
[5-[1-(1-Acetyl-3-hydroxy-5-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl]-5-hydroxy-6,11-dimethyl-17-oxo-7-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,8.06,8.011,16]octadecan-14-yl] acetate	163008425	Click to see	545.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3987/S-1981-02-0791
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 3,4-dihydrocoumarins
(5S,6R)-10,12-dihydroxy-5-methyl-6-(3-oxobut-1-en-2-yl)-11-propan-2-yl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-1(12),9(13),10-triene-3,8-dione	101020948	Click to see	358.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
(S)-Rosmarinic acid	639655	Click to see	360.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl butanoate	101453901	Click to see	532.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Chrysoeriol	5280666	Click to see	300.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
5,4'-Dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone	5464381	Click to see	314.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cirsilineol	162464	Click to see	344.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cirsimaritin	188323	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)OC	314.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Salvigenin	161271	Click to see	328.30	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Fritillaria thunbergii

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