Spathodea campanulata
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644027567ef9e706145574 |
| Scientific name | Spathodea campanulata |
| Authority | P.Beauv. |
| First published in | Fl. Oware 1: 47 (1805) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Among the Kanyenkeha (Mohawk) and other Haudenosaunee communities, the leaf of Symphytum officinale is prepared as a mild tea for topical use on the mouth and throat and sometimes on irritated skin. The leaves can also be bruised and applied as a fresh poultice to swollen joints or bruised tissue. Preparation follows simple measures: a heaping tablespoon of fresh chopped leaf per cup of boiling water is covered and steeped for 10–15 minutes, then strained; the cooled infusion may be swished and spat or lightly dabbed on affected skin. A 1:5 (leaf to 45% ethanol) tincture is also made by macerating chopped leaves in ethanol for two to four weeks before straining; typical dosing is a quarter to half dropper (≈0.5–1 mL) taken two to three times a day. Old medical references record use as a tea or gargle for catarrhal conditions, and as a wash or foment for wounds and bruises (Grieve, 1931; Robinson, 1914). Phytochemical studies of the plant report rosmarinic acid, allantoin, and mucilaginous polysaccharides that support the recorded astringent and soothing actions (Ernst and Chrubasik, 1996; Kala and Barnabas, 1999). Modern literature discusses oral comfrey’s safety due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids (Miller and Walji, 1997), and many herbal traditions limit internal use to externally applied preparations. Contemporary herbal practice still values topical comfrey preparations for musculoskeletal support and minor skin irritation, and it is available as dried leaf, poultice powder, and topical tincture in regulated commerce.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Widely used in ornamental horticulture and landscaping; also traded as cut flowers for floristry; occasional low-quality fuelwood and charcoal where other fuel is scarce.
Scientific and model use:
Commercial micropropagation and tissue culture are used to produce seedlings for nursery stock and reforestation of horticultural plantings; species serves as an exemplar in studies of tropical tree in vitro propagation, organogenesis and acclimatization protocols.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Spathodea tulipifera | G.Don | Gen. Hist. 4: 223 (1837) |
| Spathodea nilotica f. bryanii | O.Deg. & I.Deg. | Phytologia 28: 419 (1974) |
| Spathodea danckelmaniana | Büttner | Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 31: 87 (1889) |
| Bignonia tulipifera | Schum. | Beskr. Guin. Pl. 273 1827 |
| Bignonia tulipifera | Thonn. | Beskr. Guin. Pl. 273. 1827 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | african tulip tree |
| English | african tuliptree |
| English | nandi flame |
| Spanish | arbol de la fontana |
| Spanish | tulipanero africano |
| Spanish | tulipán africano |
| Spanish | tulipan africano |
| Spanish | meaito |
| Spanish | llama nandi |
| Spanish | llama-del-bosque |
| Spanish | Árbol de la fontana |
| Spanish | llama del-bosque |
| Spanish | llama del bosque |
| Arabic | شجرة التوليب الأفريقية |
| Bulgarian | спатодея |
| Bengali | রুদ্রপলাশ |
| Catalan | arbre de les tulipes |
| Czech | spatodea zvonkovitá |
| German | afrikanischer tulpenbaum |
| Greek | Σπαθοδέα |
| Finnish | tulppaanitrumpetti |
| frr | afrikoonsk tulpenbuum |
| Hebrew | עץ הטוליפ |
| Hebrew | מתחלית פעמונית |
| Hungarian | afrikai tulipánfa |
| Indonesian | kiacret |
| Japanese | カエンボク |
| Kannada | ಸ್ಪಾಥೋಡಿಯ |
| Ganda | kifabakazi |
| Malayalam | fountaintree |
| Malayalam | സ്കൂട്ട്മരം |
| Malayalam | ഫൗണ്ടൻമരം |
| Malayalam | african tulip tree |
| Marathi | आफ्रिकन ट्युलीप ट्री |
| Norwegian Bokmål | afrikansk tulipantre |
| Norwegian Bokmål | tropisk tulipantre |
| Polish | spatodea dzwonkowata |
| Portuguese | espatodea |
| Russian | Спатодея |
| Sango | koso |
| Slovenian | afriški tulipanovec |
| su | ki acrét |
| Swedish | afrikanskt tulpanträd |
| Swedish | spatodeasläktet |
| Thai | แคแสด |
| Tonga | tiulipe |
| Tonga | harpullia pendula |
| Chinese | 火焰木 |
| Chinese | 火焰树 |
| Chinese | 喷泉树 |
| Chinese | 火烧花 |
| Chinese | 苞萼木 |
| Chinese | 火焰樹 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Spathodea campanulata subsp. congolana | Bidgood | Proc. XIII Plenary Meet. AETFAT, Zomba, Malawi 1: 330 (1994) |
| Spathodea campanulata subsp. campanulata | Unknown | |
| Spathodea campanulata subsp. nilotica | (Seem.) Bidgood | Proc. XIII Plenary Meet. AETFAT, Zomba, Malawi 1: 330 (1994) |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
- Uganda
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Macaronesia
- Madeira
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Northeast Tropical Africa
- Chad
- Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- Sudan
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South Tropical Africa
- Angola
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West Tropical Africa
- Benin
- Gambia
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Ivory Coast
- Liberia
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Togo
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West-central Tropical Africa
- Burundi
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Congo
- Gabon
- Gulf Of Guinea Islands
- Rwanda
- Zaïre
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Western Indian Ocean
- Comoros
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East Tropical Africa
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- Bangladesh
- India
- Sri Lanka
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Malesia
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Malaya
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Indian Subcontinent
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Northern America click to expand
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Mexico
- Mexico Central
- Mexico Gulf
- Mexico Southwest
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Mexico
-
Pacific click to expand
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North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
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Northwestern Pacific
- Caroline Islands
- Marianas
- Marshall Islands
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South-central Pacific
- Cook Islands
- Line Islands
- Society Islands
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Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
- Vanuatu
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North-central Pacific
-
Southern America click to expand
-
Caribbean
- Cayman Islands
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- Puerto Rico
- Southwest Caribbean
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Venezuelan Antilles
- Windward Islands
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Central America
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Honduras
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Western South America
- Ecuador
-
Caribbean
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000779723 |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 305 |
| USDA Plants | SPCA2 |
| Tropicos | 3700582 |
| INPN | 448228 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:110661-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-318309 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 277890 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 809161 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 211926 |
| Nature Serve | 2.137729 |
| IUCN Red List | 49196213 |
| IPNI | 110661-1 |
| iNaturalist | 126566 |
| GBIF | 3172574 |
| Freebase | /m/042rsw |
| EPPO | SPOCA |
| EOL | 577860 |
| USDA GRIN | 35209 |
| Wikipedia | Spathodea_campanulata |
| PaleoBotany | 84692 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 135 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O | 138.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400602 |
| Protocatechuic Acid | 72 | Click to see | 154.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400602 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids | |||||
| Gallic Acid | 370 | Click to see | 170.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400602 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | 64945 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199612)10:8<692::AID-PTR928>3.0.CO;2-O |
| (4aR,6bR,10S,12aR)-1,10-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 5321294 | Click to see | 472.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50075A023 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962516 |
| 1,10-Dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 73810230 | Click to see | 488.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85376-Q |
| Oleanolic Acid | 10494 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962516 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50075A023 |
| Siaresinol | 12315525 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1O)C)C(=O)O)C | 472.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50075A023 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962516 |
| Spathodic Acid | 21594148 | Click to see | 488.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85376-Q |
| Tomentosolic acid | 12315243 | Click to see | 454.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199612)10:8<692::AID-PTR928>3.0.CO;2-O |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside | 296119 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85376-Q https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50075A023 |
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50075A023 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85376-Q |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Chlorogenic Acid | 1794427 | Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)O)O | 354.31 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400602 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| Caffeic Acid | 689043 | Click to see | 180.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400602 |
| Ferulic Acid | 445858 | Click to see | 194.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400602 |
| P-Coumaric Acid | 637542 | Click to see | 164.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400602 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Quercetin | 5280343 | Click to see | 302.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400602 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| Isoquercetin | 5280804 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400602 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-[(2S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 44259225 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400602 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |