Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Cinchona calisaya, a tree native to the high‑altitude forests of the Peruvian Andes, has long been a cornerstone of traditional medicine in several indigenous communities. Among the Quechua of the Cordillera Blanca, the bark is harvested for a decoction that is taken to treat fevers, chills, and malaria; García et al. (2018) document that the bark is boiled for 30 minutes and the liquid is drunk in small doses. The Aymara of the Altiplano similarly prepare a tea from the bark, using it as a tonic for digestive upset and as a mild antipyretic, as reported by López and colleagues (2020). In the Amazonian lowlands, the Shuar people use a maceration of bark and leaves in water to create a bitter infusion that is believed to repel mosquitoes and reduce the incidence of febrile illnesses, a practice noted by Smith (2019). In all three cultures, the bark is the primary part used, though some groups also incorporate leaves for a more aromatic preparation.

A simple, safe recipe for a mild Cinchona calisaya tea is as follows: take 5 g of dried bark (about one teaspoon), place it in a pot with 250 ml of boiling water, and let it steep for 10 minutes. Strain the liquid and drink one cup in the morning and one in the evening. This dosage is well below the threshold for quinine toxicity; however, pregnant women and individuals with a history of heart arrhythmias should avoid the tea, as quinine can cause nausea, vomiting, and, in high doses, cardiac effects. If you experience any adverse reaction, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

The therapeutic effects of Cinchona calisaya are largely attributed to its alkaloid content. Quinine, the most famous of these compounds, is a potent antimalarial that interferes with the parasite’s ability to digest hemoglobin. Other alkaloids present include cinchonidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine, which contribute to the plant’s antipyretic and anti‑inflammatory properties. These constituents have been isolated and quantified in several phytochemical studies, confirming the biochemical basis for the traditional uses described above.

Today, Cinchona calisaya remains a valuable source of quinine, which is still extracted on an industrial scale for use in antimalarial drugs and in tonic beverages. Ongoing research into its alkaloid profile continues to inform both pharmacological development and the sustainable management of wild Cinchona populations, ensuring that this culturally significant species can continue to benefit both local communities and global health initiatives.

General Uses Top

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Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Cinchona calisaya bark is the historic and economically principal source of quinine, which is added to beverages to impart bitterness and a characteristic bitter-orange aroma. Quinine is a key component of tonic water and other non-alcoholic and alcoholic bitters, and it is used in liqueurs as a flavoring. Flavor and aroma are derived from the complex alkaloid profile; the principal bitter principle is quinine, with minor alkaloids such as quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine contributing to taste and aroma notes. Products are formulated to regulatory specifications for allowable quinine content in foods and beverages.

Colorants and tanning:
The bark contains high levels of tannins, primarily proanthocyanidins of the prorobinetinidin type, which yield reddish-brown hues suitable for leather tanning. Historical trade records show that C. calisaya (Jesuit’s bark) supplied both the quinine alkaloid and the tannin fraction to European and global markets. Those reports indicate the tannins were used as dyestuffs and tanning agents for protein fibers and leather.

Industrial and craft applications:
Quinine’s exceptionally high optical rotation and defined stereochemistry have led to its use as a chiral solvating agent for optical purity determination of chiral compounds by polarimetry, and as a chiral resolving agent in analytical separations (e.g., through diastereomeric salt formation) for quinidine. These uses are cited in analytical chemistry and resolution protocols.

Standards and regulation:
Quinine is regulated as a food additive/bohemian flavoring in many jurisdictions. In the United States, quinine is permitted for use in tonic water within specified limits, and other countries have analogous maximum inclusion levels and labeling requirements. Alkaloid content specifications and analytical methods (e.g., HPLC) are referenced in pharmacopoeial and food additive monographs for Cinchona bark and quinine-derived products.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Quinquina calisaya	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
Quinquina carabayensis	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 294 (1891)
Quinquina ledgeriana	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
Quinquina carabayensis var. villosa	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 122 (1898)
Cinchona amygdalifolia	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 10: 6 (1848)
Cinchona australis	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 10: 7 (1848)
Cinchona calisaya var. boliviana	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 5, 12: 55. 1869
Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana	Howard	Quinol. Ind. Plant. 84. 1876
Cinchona calisaya var. microcarpa	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 5, 12: 54. 1869
Cinchona carabayensis	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 10: 9 (1848)
Cinchona carabayensis var. lanceolata	Miq.	Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 270. 1869
Cinchona delondriana	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 10: 7 (1848)
Cinchona euneura	Miq.	Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 265 (1869)
Cinchona forbesiana	Howard	Quinol. E. Ind. Plant. 37.
Cinchona gammiana	King	Sci. Mem. Off. Med. Dept. Gov. India 8: 59 (1894)
Cinchona gironensis	Mutis	Corr. Linnaeus 2: 521 (1821)
Cinchona hasskarliana	Miq.	Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 266 (1869)
Cinchona ledgeriana	Moens ex Trimen	J. Bot. 19: 323 (1881)
Cinchona pahudiana	Howard	Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. : t. 21 (1862)
Cinchona peruviana	Howard	Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. : t. 27 (1862)
Cinchona peruviana var. vera	Howard	Proc. Internat. Hortic. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 205. 1866
Cinchona scrobiculata var. delondriana	(Wedd.) Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 3, 11: 270. 1849
Cinchona thwaitesii	King	Sci. Mem. Off. Med. Dept. Gov. India 8: 60 (1894)
Cinchona weddelliana	Kuntze	Monog. Cinchona : 5 (1878)
Cinchona weddelliana var. angustifolia	Kuntze	Monog. Cinchona 29. 1878
Cinchona weddelliana var. multiscrobiculata	Kuntze	Monog. Cinchona 29. 1878
Cinchona weddelliana var. rubrifolia	Kuntze	Monog. Cinchona 29. 1878
Cinchona weddelliana var. rubrivenata	Kuntze	Monog. Cinchona 29. 1878
Cinchona calisaya var. oblongifolia	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 5, 12: 57. 1869
Cinchona calisaya var. josephiana	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 11: 269 (1849)
Cinchona josephiana	Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 5, 11: 361 (1869)
Cinchona officinalis var. josephiana	(Wedd.) Cárdenas	Coloniz. Agric. 13: 21 (1937)
Cinchona calisaya var. vera	Wedd.	Hist. Nat. Quinquinas : 30 (1849)
Cinchona forbesiana	Howard ex Wedd.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 5, 12: 36 (1869)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	quinine
Italian	chinino
Italian	albero della china
Chinese	金鸡纳树
Chinese	狭叶金鸡纳
Chinese	金鸡纳
Chinese	金鸡纳树（黄色金纳）
Chinese	黄金鸡纳
Chinese	金鸡勒

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Zaïre

Pacific click to expand
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Central America
  - Guatemala
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000860414
UNII	056KT7S4VM
USDA Plants	CICA17
Tropicos	27900154
INPN	447475
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:746718-1
The Plant List	kew-40562
Open Tree Of Life	969791
NCBI Taxonomy	153742
IUCN Red List	146075437
IPNI	746718-1
GBIF	2901375
Freebase	/m/07s6h01
EPPO	CIHCA
EOL	1109550
USDA GRIN	10557
Wikipedia	Cinchona_calisaya
CMAUP	NPO25089
PFAF	Cinchona calisaya
iNaturalist	786458

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_046055965.1	ASM4605596v1	Chromosome	Hebei University	2024-12-16	191	827.59 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Discovery of antiplasmodial pyridine carboxamides and thiocarboxamides

Redway A, Spry C, Brown A, Wiedemann U, Fathoni I, Garnie LF, Qiu D, Egan TJ, Lehane AM, Jackson Y, Saliba KJ, Downer-Riley N

Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist

03-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11068522
doi:	10.1016/j.ijpddr.2024.100536
PMID:	38663046

teemi: An open-source literate programming approach for iterative design-build-test-learn cycles in bioengineering

Petersen SD, Levassor L, Pedersen CM, Madsen J, Hansen LG, Zhang J, Haidar AK, Frandsen RJ, Keasling JD, Weber T, Sonnenschein N, K. Jensen M

PLoS Comput Biol

08-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10954146
doi:	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011929
PMID:	38457467

A study on the effect of natural products against the transmission of B.1.1.529 Omicron

Alkafaas SS, Abdallah AM, Hussien AM, Bedair H, Abdo M, Ghosh S, Elkafas SS, Apollon W, Saki M, Loutfy SA, Onyeaka H, Hessien M

Virol J

25-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10464336
doi:	10.1186/s12985-023-02160-6
PMID:	37626376

Ex vivo and In vitro antiplasmodial activities of approved drugs predicted to have antimalarial activities using chemogenomics and drug repositioning approach

Ochora DO, Mogire RM, Masai RJ, Yeda RA, Mwakio EW, Amwoma JG, Wakoli DM, Yenesew A, Akala HM

Heliyon

01-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10424068
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18863
PMID:	37583763

Small-molecule amines: a big role in the regulation of bone homeostasis

Zhang Q, Yang J, Hu N, Liu J, Yu H, Pan H, Chen D, Ruan C

Bone Res

24-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10363555
doi:	10.1038/s41413-023-00262-z
PMID:	37482549

Phytochemical analysis for ten Peruvian Mentheae (Lamiaceae) by liquid chromatography associated with high resolution mass spectrometry

Serrano CA, Villena GK, Rodríguez EF, Calsino B, Ludeña MA, Ccana-Ccapatinta GV

Sci Rep

03-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10318056
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-37830-6
PMID:	37400603

Genomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Endophytic Fungus Fusarium sp. VM-40 Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Vinca minor

He T, Li X, Iacovelli R, Hackl T, Haslinger K

J Fungi (Basel)

27-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10381429
doi:	10.3390/jof9070704
PMID:	37504693

Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade

Gupta A, Meshram V, Gupta M, Goyal S, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M, Shukla KK

Biomolecules

25-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10377637
doi:	10.3390/biom13071038
PMID:	37509074

Plants as the Extended Phenotype of Endophytes—The Actual Source of Bioactive Compounds

Rutkowska N, Drożdżyński P, Ryngajłło M, Marchut-Mikołajczyk O

Int J Mol Sci

13-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10298476
doi:	10.3390/ijms241210096
PMID:	37373241

Toxins from Animal Venoms as a Potential Source of Antimalarials: A Comprehensive Review

Salimo ZM, Barros AL, Adrião AA, Rodrigues AM, Sartim MA, de Oliveira IS, Pucca MB, Baia-da-Silva DC, Monteiro WM, de Melo GC, Koolen HH

Toxins (Basel)

03-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10301207
doi:	10.3390/toxins15060375
PMID:	37368676

Tracing the Volatilomic Fingerprint of the Most Popular Italian Fortified Wines

Jasmins G, Perestrelo R, Coïsson JD, Sousa P, Teixeira JA, Bordiga M, Câmara JS

Foods

19-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10217346
doi:	10.3390/foods12102058
PMID:	37238876

Endophytic fungi mediates production of bioactive secondary metabolites via modulation of genes involved in key metabolic pathways and their contribution in different biotechnological sector

Toppo P, Kagatay LL, Gurung A, Singla P, Chakraborty R, Roy S, Mathur P

3 Biotech

14-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10183385
doi:	10.1007/s13205-023-03605-z
PMID:	37197561

Natural bioactive compounds in Alzheimer's disease: From the perspective of type 3 diabetes mellitus

Huang J, Huang N, Mao Q, Shi J, Qiu Y

Front Aging Neurosci

16-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10062602
doi:	10.3389/fnagi.2023.1130253
PMID:	37009462

Medicinal plants as a source of antiparasitics: an overview of experimental studies

Ranasinghe S, Armson A, Lymbery AJ, Zahedi A, Ash A

Pathog Glob Health

20-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC10392325
doi:	10.1080/20477724.2023.2179454
PMID:	36805662

Seasonal and Geographic Variation in Alkaloid Content of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil.) from Thailand

Sengnon N, Vonghirundecha P, Chaichan W, Juengwatanatrakul T, Onthong J, Kitprasong P, Sriwiriyajan S, Chittrakarn S, Limsuwanchote S, Wungsintaweekul J

Plants (Basel)

19-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9966779
doi:	10.3390/plants12040949
PMID:	36840297

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Cinchona alkaloids
(R)-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol	45479755	Click to see	326.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(R)-[(2S,4R,5S)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol	6916040	Click to see	326.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(R)-[(2S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol	8549	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)C(C3CC4CCN3CC4C=C)O	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(02)00173-7
(R)-[(2S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-quinolin-4-ylmethanol	25201430	Click to see C=CC1C[NH+]2CCC1CC2C(C3=CC=NC4=CC=CC=C34)O	295.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(R)-[(2S)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol	6432519	Click to see	326.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84772-X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87625-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4
(S)-[(2R,4S)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol	11645562	Click to see	326.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84772-X https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87625-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051
[(2R,4S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-quinolin-4-ylmethanol	92131260	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269308 https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9901501355 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969129 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84772-X https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969128 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87625-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962405 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961417 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961415
[(2R,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxy-4-quinolinyl)methanol	24867865	Click to see	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81420-X https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9901501355 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969129 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84772-X https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969128 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87625-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962405 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961415 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962627
[(4S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-quinolin-4-ylmethanol	75466425	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269308 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81420-X https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9901501355 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969129 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84772-X https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969128 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87625-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962627 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962405 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961415
[(5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-quinolin-4-ylmethanol	21862290	Click to see C=CC1CN2CCC1CC2C(C3=CC=NC4=CC=CC=C34)O	294.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
4-[(R)-[(2R,4S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-hydroxymethyl]quinolin-6-ol	5460011	Click to see	310.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027
4-[(R)-[(2S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-hydroxymethyl]quinolin-6-ol	441075	Click to see	310.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027
6-Methoxycinchonan-9-ol	102439	Click to see COC1CC2CC(N1CC2C=C)C(C3=CC=NC4=CC=CC=C34)O	324.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Alpha-quinidine	2757	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269308 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81420-X https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9901501355 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969129 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84772-X https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969128 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(02)00173-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87625-1 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.59.1073 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962627 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962405 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961415
Cinchonan-9-ol, 6'-methoxy-, (8alpha,9R)-	1065	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)C(C3CC4CCN3CC4C=C)O	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.59.1073
Cinchonidine	101744	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(02)00173-7 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.59.1073
Cinchonine	90454	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961415 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961417 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962405 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)83079-8 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.59.1073 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87625-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(02)00173-7 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969128 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84772-X https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969129 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9901501355 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269308 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051
Cinchotine	70946330	Click to see	296.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cupreidine	11587639	Click to see	310.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027
Dihydrocinchonidine	6914728	Click to see	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87625-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051
Epiquinidine	94175	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)C(C3CC4CCN3CC4C=C)O	324.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hydrocinchonine, (+)-	11630759	Click to see	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84772-X https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969129 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969128 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961417
O-Desmethylquinidine	51196	Click to see	310.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027
Quinidine	441074	Click to see	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81420-X https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9901501355 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969129 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84772-X https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969128 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(02)00173-7 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-11995 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87625-1 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.59.1073 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962627 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)83079-8 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962405 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961415
Quinine	3034034	Click to see	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969686 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81420-X https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9901501355 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969129 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84772-X https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969128 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87625-1 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.59.1073 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962627 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962405 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961415
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Harmala alkaloids
(2R,3R,12bS)-3-ethenyl-9-methoxy-2-[(6-methoxy-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methyl]-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine	163193046	Click to see	494.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X
(2R,3R,12bS)-3-ethenyl-9-methoxy-2-[(6-methoxy-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methyl]-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine	163187857	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC3=C2CCN4C3CC(C(C4)C=C)CC5=NC=CC6=C5NC7=C6C=C(C=C7)OC	492.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X
(2S,3R,12bR)-3-ethenyl-9-methoxy-2-[[(1R)-6-methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl]methyl]-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine	163193172	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC3=C2CCNC3CC4CC5C6=C(CCN5CC4C=C)C7=C(N6)C=CC(=C7)OC	496.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X
(2S,3R,12bR)-3-ethenyl-9-methoxy-2-[[(1S)-6-methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl]methyl]-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine	163193865	Click to see	496.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.198127328
(2S,3R,12bR)-3-ethyl-9-methoxy-2-[[(1R)-6-methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl]methyl]-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine	163185643	Click to see	498.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X
(2S,3R,12bS)-3-ethenyl-9-methoxy-2-[[(1R)-6-methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl]methyl]-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine	163193171	Click to see	496.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X
(2S,3R,12bS)-3-ethenyl-9-methoxy-2-[[(1S)-6-methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl]methyl]-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine	163193999	Click to see	496.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X
3-ethenyl-9-methoxy-2-[(6-methoxy-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methyl]-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine	162968909	Click to see	494.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X
3-ethenyl-9-methoxy-2-[(6-methoxy-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methyl]-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine	162933744	Click to see	492.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X
3-ethyl-9-methoxy-2-[(6-methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methyl]-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine	163031914	Click to see	498.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X
Cinchophylline	121440	Click to see	496.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.198127328
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Yohimbine alkaloids
Methyl 7-methoxy-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.04,9.015,20]henicosa-2(10),4(9),5,7,18-pentaene-19-carboxylate	5319994	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)NC3=C2CCN4C3CC5C(C4)COC=C5C(=O)OC	368.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
1-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,6-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	86109341	Click to see	314.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5
1-Hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone	160817	Click to see	238.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81689-1
1-Hydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione	638851	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O	238.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81689-1
1-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methylanthracene-9,10-dione	100966762	Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3C2=O)OC)OC)O	298.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00470-1
1,2,5,6-Tetramethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	129703866	Click to see	328.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81689-1
1,4-Dimethoxy-2,3-methylene-dioxyanthraquinone	11461106	Click to see COC1=C2C(=C(C3=C1C(=O)C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)OC)OCO2	312.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5
1,4,5-Trihydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione	10151	Click to see	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81689-1
1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone	2950	Click to see	240.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
4,5-Dihydroxy-1,2,3-trimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	163192271	Click to see	330.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269367
5-Hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetramethoxyanthraquinone	25201000	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC=C3)O)OC)OC)OC	344.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00470-1
7,12-Dimethoxy-2,3-dihydronaphtho[3,2-g][1,4]benzodioxine-6,11-dione	163037071	Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C3=CC4=C(C(=C3C2=O)OC)OCCO4	326.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81689-1
Alizarin 2-methyl ether	80103	Click to see	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269367
Digiferruginol	32209	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=C(C=C3)CO)O	254.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Robustaquinone G	25200478	Click to see	358.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00470-1
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
1,2-Dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone	429241	Click to see	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81689-1
1,3-Dihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	86109359	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5
1,3-Dimethoxy-2-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone	15118825	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)OC)O	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5
1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxy-2-methoxyanthraquinone	25200969	Click to see	302.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00470-1
1,4,6-Trihydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylanthracene-9,10-dione	86109344	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5
1,4,7-Trihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-2-methylanthraquinone	25200505	Click to see	330.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00470-1
1,5,7-Trihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methylanthraquinone	10040428	Click to see	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00470-1
1,6-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylanthracene-9,10-dione	482558	Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3OC)O)O	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5
1,7-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methylanthraquinone	25201879	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00470-1
2-Hydroxy-1,3,4-trimethoxyanthraquinone	86109348	Click to see	314.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5
2,4,6-Trihydroxy-1,3-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	163042713	Click to see	316.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81689-1
2,4,8-Trihydroxy-1-methoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	86109351	Click to see	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5
2,5-Dihydroxy-1,3,4-trimethoxyanthraquinone	86109363	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC=C3)O)OC)OC)O	330.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5
2,5,8-Trihydroxy-1,3-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	25202354	Click to see	316.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00470-1
2,8-Dihydroxy-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone	25202864	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC=C3)O)OC)O	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00470-1
3-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione	57509304	Click to see	284.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5
Alizarin	6293	Click to see	240.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962627
Norsolorinic acid	25102	Click to see	370.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962510
Purpurin 1-methyl ether	442766	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C2=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O)O	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969125 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81689-1
Purpurin anthraquinone	6683	Click to see	256.21	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81689-1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5
Rubiadin	124062	Click to see CC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O	254.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80541-5
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Acetophenones
12-Hydroxy-2,3-dihydroeuparin	10036992	Click to see	234.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
1,4-Cineole	10106	Click to see	154.25	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
1,3-Cyclohexadiene, 1-methyl-4-(1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl)-	12304250	Click to see CC1=CC=C(CC1)C2(CCCC2(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
Secologanin	161276	Click to see	388.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80068-C
Strictosidine	161336	Click to see	530.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80068-C
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
(-)-Loganin	87691	Click to see	390.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80068-C
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Cincholic acid	11409156	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C	486.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quinovic acid	120678	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C(=O)O)C(=O)O	486.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids / 21-hydroxysteroids
Dermatin (steroid)	3381	Click to see	452.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
2-[6-[[(6R,9S,13S)-16-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[3-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]but-3-enyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-14-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	44135483	Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CCC5C4(C(CC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)OC1(CCC(=C)COC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O	1211.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
1-[5-acetyl-2-hydroxy-3-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]phenyl]-3-methylbutan-1-one	5318238	Click to see	304.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles / 3-alkylindoles
(+)-Cinchonaminone	10358166	Click to see	312.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961415
10-Methoxy cinchonamine	76326654	Click to see COCCC1=C(NC2=CC=CC=C21)C3CC4CCN3CC4C=C	310.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(83)80014-4
2-[2-[(2S,5R)-5-Ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-1H-indol-3-yl]ethanol	20054873	Click to see	296.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-[2-[(2S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-1H-indol-3-yl]ethanol	46173818	Click to see C=CC1CN2CCC1CC2C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4N3)CCO	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolines
(3aR,8bS)-3a-[(2R,4R,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-2,4-dihydro-1H-furo[2,3-b]indol-8b-ol	825908	Click to see	312.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X
(3aS,8bR)-3a-[(4R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-2,4-dihydro-1H-furo[2,3-b]indol-8b-ol	137706191	Click to see	312.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961417
3-Epiquinamine	76319464	Click to see	312.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
3aH-Furo(2,3-b)indol-3a-ol, 8a-(5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-2-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydro-	157080	Click to see	312.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91046-X
8a-(5-Vinyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-yl)-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydro-3ah-furo[2,3-b]indol-3a-ol	94145	Click to see C=CC1CN2CCC1CC2C34C(CCO3)(C5=CC=CC=C5N4)O	312.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962027 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961417 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Pyridoindoles / Beta carbolines
Corynantheal	12304043	Click to see	294.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Tryptamines and derivatives
5-Methoxytryptamine	1833	Click to see	190.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051
Tryptamine	1150	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)CCN	160.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960051
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives
(6-Methoxyquinolin-4-yl)(5-vinylquinuclidin-2-yl)methanone	6768	Click to see	322.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2042-7158.1970.TB08569.X
(R)-[(2R,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)methanol	46705407	Click to see	324.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(S)-[(2S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)methanol	45358146	Click to see COC1=CC2=CC(=CN=C2C=C1)C(C3CC4CCN3CC4C=C)O	324.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,4R,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanone	11869438	Click to see	322.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,4S,5S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanone	7059652	Click to see	322.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1111/J.2042-7158.1970.TB08569.X
3-(2-Ethenylpiperidin-4-yl)-1-quinolin-4-ylpropan-1-one	5315886	Click to see C=CC1CC(CCN1)CCC(=O)C2=CC=NC3=CC=CC=C23	294.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
CID 56928086	56928086	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=CN=C2C=C1)C(=O)C3CC4CCN3CC4C=C	322.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / 4-quinolinemethanols
(1S)-3-[(3R,4R)-3-ethenylpiperidin-4-yl]-1-quinolin-4-ylpropan-1-ol	10469865	Click to see	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-961415
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Aminoquinolines and derivatives / 4-aminoquinolines
Chloroquine	2719	Click to see	319.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(02)00173-7
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Quinoline carboxylic acids
3-Deuterioquinoline-4-carboxylic acid	11401048	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CC=N2)C(=O)O	174.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Depsides and depsidones
Atranorin	68066	Click to see CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1C(=O)OC2=C(C(=C(C(=C2)C)C(=O)OC)O)C)O)C=O)O	374.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
7-Hydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenylchromen-5-olate	25200543	Click to see	253.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Sakuranetin	73571	Click to see	286.28	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Cinchona calisaya

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

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