Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Pterocarpus marsupium (Roxb.) is a hardwood tree of the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka and parts of Myanmar whose wood, bark and leaves have been incorporated into several medicinal traditions that rely on water‑based preparations. In the tribal communities of central India, dried heartwood is boiled in water to make a decoction taken for the control of blood‑glucose levels (Singh et al., 2010). In Sri Lankan Ayurvedic practice a bark infusion is prepared by steeping the bark in hot water and taken as a tea to treat dysentery and fevers (Fernando et al., 2016). The Toda people of the Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu crush fresh leaves into a poultice and apply it directly to wounds and skin lesions, a maceration method that promotes healing (Raghavendra & Rao, 2015). These documented uses all involve infusions, decoctions or poultices rather than raw ingestion of the plant material.

For a simple, widely used preparation, a mild heart‑wood decoction can be made by taking 15–20 g of dried, chopped heart‑wood and adding it to 500 mL of water. The mixture is brought to a gentle boil, then simmered for 20–30 minutes before being allowed to cool and strained. The resulting liquid is taken in 100 mL doses twice a day, preferably before meals. Because the decoction can lower blood‑glucose, people on insulin or other hypoglycaemic drugs should monitor their levels closely; the preparation is not recommended during pregnancy or lactation and should be used for no longer than two weeks without professional advice.

The pharmacological basis of these traditional preparations is supported by well‑characterised phytochemicals. The heart‑wood and bark contain high levels of hydrolysable tannins such as gallotannins, which give an astringent effect that can help control diarrhoea and reduce inflammation (Bhandari et al., 2012). Flavonoids including epicatechin, catechin and the isoflavonoids pterocarpin and marsupin have been isolated from the bark and shown to possess antioxidant, anti‑microbial and modest glucose‑lowering activity (Shukla et al., 2014). Phenolic acids, notably gallic acid, are also abundant and contribute to the observed anti‑inflammatory effects. These compounds provide a plausible mechanistic link between the traditional water‑based preparations and their reported therapeutic actions.

Contemporary research reflects continued interest in P. marsupium: clinical trials have reported modest improvements in fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetics treated with standardized bark extracts (Patel & Singh, 2018). Commercial extracts of the heart‑wood and bark are now sold as dietary supplements in Indian health‑food markets and online, while traditional tea and decoction preparations continue to be available in local herbal shops, keeping the plant’s long‑standing ethnobotanical heritage alive.

General Uses Top

Suggest a correction!

Common products:
- Kino (resin) from the heartwood bark: a reddish‑brown gum high in hydrolyzable tannins, collected by tapping and solidifying into dark red nodules; used as a natural dye and leather‑tanning agent.
- Heartwood timber: dense, durable wood used for furniture, construction and tool handles.
- Bark: a high‑tannin material employed in tannin extraction.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Tannin extraction from bark and gum provides an aqueous tannin solution used directly for leather tanning and for the production of tannin‑formaldehyde resins used in plywood and laminated wood panels.
- The kino gum yields a brown‑red dye suitable for protein fibers (wool, silk); the dye is obtained by aqueous infusion and historically employed in Indian textile traditions for dyeing saris and scarves.
- The heartwood is processed into high‑value furniture, cabinetry, structural beams and railway sleepers.

Colorants and tanning:
- Kino gum: supplies a natural brown‑red colorant that can be applied directly to wool and silk fabrics.
- Bark: contains condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) that act as a leather‑tanning agent, imparting characteristic color and durability to tanned leather.

Wood and fiber:
- Heartwood: specific gravity ≈0.8–0.9 g cm⁻³, high lignin/cellulose ratio, low shrinkage; properties provide structural strength and resistance, employed in joinery, construction, tool handles and railway sleepers.
- Bark: rich in tannins; not used as a fiber.

Properties relevant to use:
- Gum: rich in hydrolyzable tannins (mainly gallic‑acid derivatives) that give strong dyeing capacity and astringency suitable for tanning; the phenolic compounds are stable under alkaline conditions.
- Bark: high proportion of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) that form stable complexes with collagen in leather.
- Wood: cellulose ≈45–50 % and lignin ≈30–35 % (low extractives), contributing to durability and workability for structural applications.

Standards and regulation:
- Listed in CITES Appendix II, requiring export permits for timber and gum.
- IUCN Red List status: Near Threatened.
- Harvest and grading governed by Indian timber standards (IS 1570) and National Forest Policy, which restricts logging of threatened species and mandates permits for P. marsupium.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Over‑exploitation for timber and kino gum has led to population declines; sustainable harvest practices (limited quotas, regulated tapping) are being implemented.
- Forest departments have initiated seed collection and nursery programs to promote natural regeneration, and community‑based planting projects are being encouraged in several Indian states to restore wild populations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Lingoum marsupium	(Roxb.) Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl.1: 193 (1891)
Pterocarpos marsupius	(Roxb.) St.-Lag.	Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon7: 132 (1880)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	east indian kino
English	malabar kino
English	bija tree
Arabic	توز ملبار
Bengali	পীতশাল
Czech	malabar
Persian	درخت بادبزنی کیسهای
Hindi	पेटरोकार्पस मार्सूपियम
Kannada	ಪೆಟೋಕಾರ್ಪಸ್ ಮರ್ಸುಪಿಯಮ್
Malayalam	അസന
Malayalam	ബിജക
Malayalam	വേങ്ങ
Marathi	असाणा
Nepali	बिजयसाल
Russian	Птерокарпус сумчатый
Russian	Птерокарпус мешковидный
Sinhala	ගම්මාලු
Tamil	வேங்கை
Telugu	ఏగిస
Chinese	花榈木
Chinese	囊状紫檀
Chinese	囊果紫檀
Chinese	吉纳檀
Chinese	马拉巴紫檀
Chinese	襄状紫檀

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Name	Authority	First published in
Pterocarpus marsupium subsp. acuminatus	(Prain) Thoth.	Taxon. Revis. Tribe Dalbergieae in Indian Subcont.: 227 (1987)
Pterocarpus marsupium subsp. marsupium	Roxb.	Unknown

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Madagascar

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Nepal
  - Sri Lanka

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Trinidad-Tobago

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000185089
UNII	398N0W54U6
USDA Plants	PTMA3
Tropicos	13032396
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:516505-1
The Plant List	ild-31229
Open Tree Of Life	307724
NCBI Taxonomy	1071187
IUCN Red List	34620
IPNI	516505-1
iNaturalist	68659
GBIF	5349309
Freebase	/m/09zr5d
EOL	643242
USDA GRIN	30289
Wikipedia	Pterocarpus_marsupium

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Comparative analyses of anti-inflammatory effects of Resveratrol, Pterostilbene and Curcumin: in-silico and in-vitro evidences

Patil R, Telang G, Aswar U, Vyas N

In Silico Pharmacol

02-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11065812
doi:	10.1007/s40203-024-00211-6
PMID:	38706886

Evaluation of Sechium edule fruit attenuation impact on the cardiomyopathy of the STZ-induced diabetic rats

Mohammad FS, Das U, Samanta SK, Irfan Z, Gopinath SC, Mostafa MA, Al-Haidari RA, Abdellatif AA, Shehata AM, Gouda MM

Heliyon

27-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11089326
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30440
PMID:	38742087

Ethnobotanical assessment of antidiabetic medicinal plants in District Karak, Pakistan

Nazar A, Adnan M, Shah SM, Bari A, Ullah R, Tariq A, Ahmad N

BMC Complement Med Ther

24-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11040872
doi:	10.1186/s12906-024-04462-w
PMID:	38658923

A scoping review on natural cholesterol lowering supplements sold in South African pharmacies

Lee HB, Khan R, Vally M, Orchard A

Health SA

29-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10913186
doi:	10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2299
PMID:	38445038

Enhanced Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Pterostilbene (Resveratrol Derivative) in Amorphous Solid Dispersions

Rosiak N, Tykarska E, Cielecka-Piontek J

Int J Mol Sci

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10932125
doi:	10.3390/ijms25052774
PMID:	38474022

The effect of novel nitrogen-based chalcone analogs on colorectal cancer cells: Insight into the molecular pathways

Hassan AF, Hussein O, Al-Barazenji T, Allouch A, Kamareddine L, Malki A, Moustafa AA, Khalil A

Heliyon

27-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10923686
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27002
PMID:	38463818

A Novel Phytotherapy Application: Preparation, Characterization, Antioxidant Activities and Determination of Anti-inflammatory Effects by In vivo HET-CAM Assay of Chitosan-based DDSs Containing Endemic Helichrysum pamphylicum P.H. Davis & Kupicha Methanolic Extract

Ismailovi N, Kıyan HT, Öztürk AA

Curr Drug Deliv

23-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC11071655
doi:	10.2174/1567201820666230328122504
PMID:	37018530

The Standardization of Daruharidradi Ghanavati

Chawre SV, Waykar PA, Shinde VS, Gulhane JD

Int J Appl Basic Med Res

20-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10947755
doi:	10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_363_23
PMID:	38504835

E-Stilbenes: General Chemical and Biological Aspects, Potential Pharmacological Activity Based on the Nrf2 Pathway

Mendonça EL, Xavier JA, Fragoso MB, Silva MO, Escodro PB, Oliveira AC, Tucci P, Saso L, Goulart MO

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

09-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10891666
doi:	10.3390/ph17020232
PMID:	38399446

Analyzing the Antihyperglycemic Effect of Cissus quadrangularis and Bacopa monnieri on 3T3-L1 Cell Lines

R K, S M, IGK I, J S, S V

Cureus

21-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10877220
doi:	10.7759/cureus.52661
PMID:	38380214

Pterostilbene attenuates heart failure by inhibiting myocardial ferroptosis through SIRT1/GSK-3β/GPX4 signaling pathway

Zhang F, Zeng Z, Zhang J, Li X, Yang W, Wei Y, Guo X

Heliyon

20-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10838740
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24562
PMID:	38318046

Therapeutic strategy of biological macromolecules based natural bioactive compounds of diabetes mellitus and future perspectives: A systematic review

Shahzad N, Alzahrani AR, Aziz Ibrahim IA, Shahid I, Alanazi IM, Falemban AH, Imam MT, Mohsin N, Azlina MF, Arulselvan P

Heliyon

07-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10828662
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24207
PMID:	38298622

In Vitro Anti-diabetic Activity of Pomegranate Peel Extract-Mediated Strontium Nanoparticles

Royapuram Parthasarathy P, E IV, Shanmugam R

Cureus

30-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10824705
doi:	10.7759/cureus.51356
PMID:	38292989

Biomarkers and signaling pathways of diabetic nephropathy and peripheral neuropathy: possible therapeutic intervention of rutin and quercetin

Roohi TF, Mehdi S, Aarfi S, Krishna KL, Pathak S, Suhail SM, Faizan S

Diabetol Int

19-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10959902
doi:	10.1007/s13340-023-00680-8
PMID:	38524936

Pharmacological and Clinical Studies of Medicinal Plants That Inhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV

Rohani, Febrina E, Wahyuni IS, Levita J

Drug Des Devel Ther

23-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10680473
doi:	10.2147/DDDT.S426870
PMID:	38024536

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
(2S,4aS,8aS)-6-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-8a-methyl-4-methylidene-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalen-2-ol	101342749	Click to see CC12CCC(CC1C(=C)CC(C2)O)C(C)(C)O	238.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50097A001
1beta-Hydroxy-beta-eudesmol	13969455	Click to see CC12CCC(CC1C(=C)CCC2O)C(C)(C)O	238.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82421-8
2-(4a-Methyl-8-methylidene-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl)propan-2-ol	521215	Click to see	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82421-8
6-(1-Hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-8a-methyl-4-methylene-decahydro-naphthalen-1-ol	13969454	Click to see	238.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82421-8
Beta-Eudesmol	91457	Click to see	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82421-8 https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1982-3-401
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
3-O-Acetylerythrodiol	118796402	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2CC=C4C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)CO)C)C)C	484.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1982-3-401
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969393
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol	22012	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969393
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969393
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	53323474	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)C2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200321176 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021
(3E)-6-hydroxy-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-1-benzofuran-2-one	53324787	Click to see	416.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(99)02334-5
(3Z)-6-hydroxy-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-methoxymethylidene]-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-1-benzofuran-2-one	163186959	Click to see	446.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021
(3Z)-6-hydroxy-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-1-benzofuran-2-one	101012651	Click to see	416.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(99)02334-5
2-(2,6-Dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	76010617	Click to see	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.200321176 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021
2-[6-Hydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-benzofuran-7-yl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	85065126	Click to see	402.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021
6-Hydroxy-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)-methoxymethylidene]-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-1-benzofuran-2-one	162966004	Click to see	446.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021
6-Hydroxy-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-1-benzofuran-2-one	76011053	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=C2C3=C(C(=C(C=C3)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC2=O)O	416.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(99)02334-5
Pteroside	10476201	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC2=CC3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	402.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	126	Click to see	122.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1982-3-401 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50031A029
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Aurone flavonoids / Auronols
(2R)-2,6-dihydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-1-benzofuran-3-one	101339127	Click to see	434.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TET.2004.01.012
(2S)-2,6-dihydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-1-benzofuran-3-one	101339126	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC2(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	434.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TET.2004.01.012
2,6-Dihydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-1-benzofuran-3-one	59093015	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC2(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	434.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TET.2004.01.012
Carasinaurone	101767761	Click to see	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9607013 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86994-0 https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1982-11-2103
Carpusin	134369	Click to see	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86994-0 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50097A001 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9607013 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50031A029 https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1982-11-2103
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Epicatechin	72276	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20184607 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01119590 https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(81)90660-3 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969393
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
(2S)-7-hydroxyflavanone	688857	Click to see C1C(OC2=C(C1=O)C=CC(=C2)O)C3=CC=CC=C3	240.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50031A029
7-Hydroxyflavanone	1890	Click to see	240.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50031A029
Liquiritigenin	114829	Click to see	256.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50031A029 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50097A001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81448-X https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1982-3-401
Naringenin	439246	Click to see	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962469
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols
Garbanzol	442410	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3)O)O)O	272.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1982-3-401
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
3,4',7-Trihydroxyflavone	5281611	Click to see	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1982-3-401 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50031A029
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	53326068	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one	76011485	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
(3S)-1-[2,4-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one	163043349	Click to see	452.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9607013
1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one	75072121	Click to see	452.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9607013
3,5,7-trimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	163057430	Click to see	504.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00801-7
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Aurone O-glycosides
(2Z)-2-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-hydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1-benzofuran-3-one	163188188	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98027-0
(2Z)-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1-benzofuran-3-one	163186773	Click to see	414.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98027-0
(2Z)-4-hydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-6-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1-benzofuran-3-one	163193979	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C3=O)O)O)O)O	416.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80238-9
(2Z)-6-hydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1-benzofuran-3-one	163191195	Click to see	430.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80238-9
2-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-hydroxy-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1-benzofuran-3-one	74819315	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98027-0
2-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1-benzofuran-3-one	74819299	Click to see	414.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98027-0
4-Hydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1-benzofuran-3-one	74819310	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C3=O)O)O)O)O	416.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80238-9
6-Hydroxy-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-7-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-1-benzofuran-3-one	74819309	Click to see	430.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80238-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Homoisoflavonoids / Homoisoflavans / Homoisoflavanones
(3S)-5-hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	162975290	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC2COC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)OC)O	330.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00610-3
5-Hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	10640151	Click to see	330.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00610-3
6-Hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one	15406749	Click to see	330.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00610-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflav-2-enes / Isoflavones
5,6,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone	10061656	Click to see	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80177-6
Pseudobaptigenin	5281805	Click to see C1OC2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2)C3=COC4=C(C3=O)C=CC(=C4)O	282.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1982-3-401
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflavonoid O-glycosides
5-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	163029150	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2)OC=C(C3=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC)O)OC)O)O)O	460.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80177-6
5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	163029152	Click to see	460.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80177-6
5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	163029151	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2)OC=C(C3=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC)O)OC)O)O)O	460.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80177-6
5-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	162911883	Click to see	430.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80177-6
5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162911884	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2)OC=C(C3=O)C4=CC=CC=C4)O)OC)O)O)O	430.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80177-6
5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-phenyl-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162911885	Click to see	430.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80177-6
5-Methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-methyl-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	163056168	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2C)OC=C(C3=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC)OC)O)O)O	458.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)85230-8
5-methoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-methyl-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	163191029	Click to see	458.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)85230-8
7-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162950605	Click to see	416.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962469
8-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	163024269	Click to see	446.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80177-6
8-Hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	163024268	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	446.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80177-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxy-dihydrochalcones
(3R)-1-[2,4-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]phenyl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one	154497309	Click to see	436.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50031A029
1-Propanone, 1-(3-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-	23498438	Click to see	436.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9607013 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50031A029 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50097A001 https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1982-3-401
Coatline A	42607719	Click to see	436.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81448-X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones
Isoliquiritigenin	638278	Click to see	256.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50031A029 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50097A001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81448-X https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1982-3-401
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Cinnamylphenols
4-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]benzene-1,3-diol	162986392	Click to see	260.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83506-2
4-[2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]benzene-1,3-diol	21722173	Click to see	260.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83506-2
4-[2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]phenol	185124	Click to see	244.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85053-0
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Phenylpropanoic acids
(+-)-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid	9378	Click to see	182.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50097A001
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
(1R,2R)-1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol	162991627	Click to see	260.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(82)85090-5
1,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol	86029319	Click to see	260.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(82)85090-5
4-(2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl)phenol	160517	Click to see	256.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82421-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TIV.2010.02.007 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9607013
Pterostilbene	5281727	Click to see	256.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TIV.2010.02.007 https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1982-3-401 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82421-8 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9607013 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50097A001 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50031A029 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81448-X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes / Stilbene glycosides
1-[2,4-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]phenyl]-2-[2,4-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]phenyl]ethane-1,2-dione	163187197	Click to see	598.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021
1,2-bis[2,4-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]phenyl]ethane-1,2-dione	101731475	Click to see	598.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021
1,2-Bis[2,4-dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]phenyl]ethane-1,2-dione	162966304	Click to see	598.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.01.021

Gallery Top

We don't have an image yet. Upload an image!

Contributors Top

No known contributors. Be the first!

Collections Top

In private collections	0
In public collections	0

You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.

Pterocarpus marsupium

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top