Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fd8eadeae1453482457
Scientific name Dalbergia spruceana
Authority Benth.
First published in J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.4(Suppl.): 35 (1860)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
The principal commercial product is the aromatic hardwood known as tulipwood or pau-rosa from the heartwood of Dalbergia spruceana. It is traded as a high-value timber for fine applications and as a source of essential oil used in perfumery.

Industrial and craft applications:
The wood is used in fine furniture, architectural interiors, musical instruments, high-end turnery, carving, and tool handles. Its workability and stability make it suitable for veneers, instrument components, and specialty items. The essential oil is employed as a fragrance material in perfumery and related products.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No documented non-medicinal food or beverage uses are reported for this species.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented use of colorants or tanning agents is reported for this species.

Wood and fiber:
The species is valued for its dense, fine-grained heartwood, distinctive color, and natural aromatic content. Wood density and strength are typical of tropical Dalbergia hardwoods; the anatomical structure and oil content are consistent with properties reported in the trade for tulipwood and related rosewoods.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
The heartwood yields a fragrant essential oil known in the fragrance industry as rosewood oil. The oil is separated and used in perfume compositions; no non-medicinal cosmetic applications beyond perfumery are documented for D. spruceana.

Properties relevant to use:
Wood density, hardness, and fine grain support high-end machining and finishing. The species’ essential oil composition is consistent with constituents reported for rosewood oils used in perfumery.

Standards and regulation:
Timber is regulated under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The species is listed in CITES Appendix II, and trade is controlled through permitting. Where applicable, timber grading and seasoning may follow national rules for hardwoods; specific ISO/ASTM/EN standards for the product classes are not documented in reliable references for this taxon.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Because it is listed in CITES Appendix II, supply is subject to legal verification and export permits. Sourcing generally relies on licensed and documented trade, but quantitative population or trade data are limited in available sources.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Miscolobium spruceanum Benth. J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.4(Suppl.): 35 (1860)
Amerimnon spruceanum Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl.1: 159 (1891)

Common names Top

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Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil North
      • Brazil Northeast
    • Northern South America
      • Venezuela
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000182181
Tropicos 13018088
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:313062-2
The Plant List ild-28275
Open Tree Of Life 3926733
NCBI Taxonomy 1353472
IUCN Red List 62022627
IPNI 313062-2
GBIF 2968850
EOL 642774
USDA GRIN 436044
CMAUP NPO20090

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
No-reference quality assessment for image-based assessment of economically important tropical woods Rajagopal H, Mokhtar N, Tengku Mohmed Noor Izam TF, Wan Ahmad WK PLoS One 19-May-2020
PMCID:PMC7236984
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233320
PMID:32428043
Spatial and temporal changes in bird assemblages in forest fragments in an eastern Amazonian savannah Cintra R, Magnusson WE, Albernaz A Ecol Evol 06-Aug-2013
PMCID:PMC3797474
doi:10.1002/ece3.700
PMID:24223265
Enantiomeric Natural Products: Occurrence and Biogenesis Finefield JM, Sherman DH, Kreitman M, Williams RM Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 03-May-2012
PMCID:PMC3498912
doi:10.1002/anie.201107204
PMID:22555867
Dalnigrin, a neoflavonoid marker for the identification of Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra) in CITES enforcement. Kite GC, Green PW, Veitch NC, Groves MC, Gasson PE, Simmonds MS Phytochemistry 01-Jul-2010
doi:10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.011
PMID:20457458
A flavone glycoside from Dalbergia stipulacea leaves Pushpa Borai, Rameshwar Dayal Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/0031-9422(93)85488-D
Pterocarpans from Dalbergia spruceana Judith T. Cook, W.David Ollis, Ian O. Sutherland, Otto R. Gottlieb Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94601-6

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Protoberberine alkaloids and derivatives
Berberine 2353 Click to see 336.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Corypalmine 11186895 Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(CC3C4=CC(=C(C=C4CCN3C2)O)OC)C=C1)OC 341.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Protopine alkaloids
Allocryptopine 98570 Click to see 369.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Protopine 4970 Click to see CN1CCC2=CC3=C(C=C2C(=O)CC4=C(C1)C5=C(C=C4)OCO5)OCO3 353.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Aminobenzoic acids and derivatives / Aminobenzoic acids
2-[(Carboxymethyl)amino]-4-chlorobenzoic acid 11107141 Click to see 229.62 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids
Benzoic Acid 243 Click to see 122.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzazepines
Ribasine 5459059 Click to see CN1C2CC3=CC4=C(C=C3C25CC6=C(C1O5)C7=C(C=C6)OCO7)OCO4 351.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Benzylisoquinolines
(+)-Codamine 20056510 Click to see 343.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(S)-Laudanosine 73397 Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)OC)OC 357.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
5,7-dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one 162914234 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85488-D
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Furanoisoflavonoids / Pterocarpans
(1S,12S)-16-methoxy-5,7,11,19-tetraoxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,10.04,8.013,18]icosa-2,4(8),9,13(18),14,16-hexaen-17-ol 10638973 Click to see 314.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94601-6
(1S,12S)-17-methoxy-5,7,11,19-tetraoxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,10.04,8.013,18]icosa-2,4(8),9,13(18),14,16-hexaen-16-ol 162957125 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC2=C1OCC3C2OC4=CC5=C(C=C34)OCO5)O 314.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94601-6
(1S,12S)-5,7,11,19-tetraoxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,10.04,8.013,18]icosa-2,4(8),9,13(18),14,16-hexaene-16,17-diol 9994947 Click to see 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94601-6
3,4-Dihydroxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan 24013844 Click to see 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94601-6
4-Hydroxypterocarpin 24042196 Click to see 314.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94601-6
4-Methoxymaackiain 5318269 Click to see 314.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94601-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflav-2-enes / Isoflavones
3',4',7-Trihydroxyisoflavone 5284648 Click to see 270.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.011
Pseudobaptigenin 5281805 Click to see C1OC2=C(O1)C=C(C=C2)C3=COC4=C(C3=O)C=CC(=C4)O 282.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.011
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 3-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 3-O-methylisoflavones
3'-Methoxydaidzein 5319422 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)O)O 284.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.011
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylisoflavones
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one 5748605 Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)O)OC 298.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.011
Biochanin A 5280373 Click to see 284.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94601-6
Formononetin 5280378 Click to see 268.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94601-6
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.011
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Neoflavonoids / Dalbergiones
(S)-4-Methoxydalbergione 10400054 Click to see 254.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94601-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Neoflavonoids / Neoflavones
Dalbergin 442768 Click to see 268.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.011
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94601-6
Melannin 442808 Click to see 284.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.04.011

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