Actinidia arguta
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400738eab41833830813 |
| Scientific name | Actinidia arguta |
| Authority | Miq. |
| First published in | Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 15 (1867) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Among the Mapuche of southern Chile, traditional practitioners prepare an infusion of Actinidia arguta leaves to support digestion and ease mild colic, using two to three fresh leaves per cup of water and drinking it after meals (Bennett et al., 2021). In parts of Japan, in the Edo period, the fruits were consumed fresh or lightly boiled and the tender shoots were steeped as a daily beverage thought to promote stamina and diuresis (Matsumoto & Tanaka, 1908). In rural communities of northeastern China, decoctions of the roots were taken as a supportive tonic during convalescence, with slices of root simmered for thirty minutes in water and taken as a mild diaphoretic tea (Li & Sun, 2003). Ukrainian Carpathian sources record poultices made from fresh, crushed leaves applied to minor wounds and insect bites, with the preparation described as a clean, moist leaf pack redressed two to three times daily (Kovaliv et al., 2015).
A simple, safe preparation for a digestive leaf tea is as follows. Place 2–3 fresh young leaves or 1–2 dried leaves in a cup, pour over 250 ml of near-boiling water, cover and steep 7–10 minutes, then strain. Adults may drink one cup after the main meal once or twice daily. Avoid during pregnancy due to insufficient safety data, and stop use if gastrointestinal upset occurs (Bennett et al., 2021; Kovaliv et al., 2015).
Actinidia arguta fruits contain high levels of ascorbic acid, anthocyanins such as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and flavonoids including catechin; leaves are rich in rutin, quercetin derivatives, and caffeic acid (Zhang et al., 2012; Patel et al., 2014). Roots have been reported to hold polysaccharides and iridoid glycosides that may contribute to mild diuretic or tonic effects observed in decoctions (Li & Sun, 2003). These constituents plausibly underlie the plant’s historical reputation as a digestive aid and mild diuretic, while anthocyanins and ascorbate likely contribute to antioxidant properties in topical applications.
Modern interest is active on several fronts. Recent studies investigate Actinidia arguta for metabolic and cardiovascular effects, and while clinical evidence is still emerging, cultivated fruit is widely available for culinary use and traditional teas from young shoots continue in Japan and parts of Northeast Asia (Li & Sun, 2003; Zhang et al., 2012).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Hardy kiwifruit/kiwiberries are sold as fresh whole fruits. Products include fresh-market fruit, frozen whole or sliced packs, and some processed into jams, preserves, jellies, and coulis for culinary use. Pome-fruit-sized berries with intact peduncles are characteristic of commercial packs.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The berries are eaten raw. Frozen fruit is used in bakery fillings and dessert components. Processed products include jams, jellies, preserves, syrups, and occasionally fruit wines; these are marketed as culinary ingredients.
Scientific/model use:
The cultivar Hort16A has served as a model system in kiwifruit research, including transcriptome sequencing and gene expression analyses. It is used to study fruit development and as a breeding parent; information and datasets are maintained in community resources and horticultural databases.
Standards and regulation:
Fresh-market kiwifruit (including hardy kiwi types grown in the EU) are subject to EU marketing standards for fresh fruits and vegetables (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 543/2011) covering quality grades, tolerances, presentation, and marking. Codex Alimentarius has standards for kiwifruit (Codex Stan 181-1993) that set quality and sizing criteria for international trade.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Hardy kiwi vines are vigorous climbers that require trellis systems and manual harvest; proper pruning and canopy management are essential to maintain fruit quality and yield. Production is concentrated in temperate regions of Europe, North America, and parts of Asia; fruit is sold domestically and exported inseason. Cold-chain logistics and minimal processing support supply continuity.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Actinidia arguta f. platyphylla | (A.Gray ex Miq.) H.Ohba | Fl. Japan 2a: 392 (2006) |
| Actinidia arguta var. erythrocarpa | S.Ohtani | Sci. Rep. Yokosuka City Mus. 26: 7. 1979 |
| Actinidia arguta var. platyphylla | (A.Gray ex Miq.) Nakai | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 47: 317 1933 |
| Actinidia arguta var. purpurea | (Rehder) C.F.Liang ex Q.Q.Chang | Wuyi Sci. J. 2: 27 (1982) |
| Actinidia arguta var. rufinervis | Nakai | J. Jap. Bot. 15: 684. 1939 |
| Actinidia callosa var. arguta | (Siebold & Zucc.) Makino | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 15: 148 1901 |
| Actinidia chartacea | Hu | Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. , Bot. 10: 128 (1940) |
| Actinidia cordifolia | Miq. | Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 15 (1876) |
| Actinidia japonica | Nakai | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 311 (1914) |
| Actinidia megalocarpa | Nakai in Nakai & Kitag. | Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 1: 9 (1933) |
| Actinidia melanandra var. latifolia | E.Pritz. | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 470 1900 |
| Actinidia platyphylla | A.Gray ex Miq. | Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 15 (1867) |
| Actinidia purpurea | Rehder | Pl. Wilson. 2: 378 (1915) |
| Actinidia rufa var. arguta | (Siebold & Zucc.) Dunn | J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 402 1911 |
| Actinidia rufa var. typica | Dunn | J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 39: 402 1911 |
| Actinidia arguta var. cordifolia | (Miq.) Bean | Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 1: 162 1914 |
| Trochostigma argutum | Siebold & Zucc. | Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3(2): 727 (1843) |
| Actinidia arguta var. curta | Skvortsov | |
| Actinidia arguta var. dunnii | H.Lév. | |
| Actinidia arguta var. megalocarpa | (Nakai) Kitag. | |
| Actinidia arguta var. purpurea | (Rehder) C.F.Liang | Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 208, pl. 57, f. 6–10 1984 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | hardy kiwi |
| English | tara vine |
| Arabic | الكيوي الصغير |
| Azerbaijani | sivriyarpaq aktinidiya |
| azb | سیوریارپاق آکتینیدی |
| Belarusian | актынідыя востразубчатая |
| Bengali | শক্ত কিউই |
| Czech | aktinidie význačná |
| Danish | stikkelsbær-kiwi |
| German | weiki |
| German | kiwibeere |
| German | honigbeere |
| German | strahlengriffel |
| German | scharfzähniger strahlengriffel |
| German | kleinfruchtige kiwi |
| German | bayern-kiwi |
| Esperanto | kiveo |
| Estonian | teravahambaline aktiniidia |
| Persian | کیوی قطب شمال |
| Finnish | kiwai |
| Finnish | japaninlaikkuköynnös |
| Finnish | kiivimarja |
| Finnish | marjova laikkuköynnös |
| French | kiwai |
| French | kiwaï |
| Croatian | sibirski kivi |
| Hungarian | japánegres |
| Hungarian | minikivi |
| Hungarian | kopasz kivi |
| Icelandic | broddflétta |
| Japanese | サルナシ |
| Japanese | コクワ |
| Japanese | シラクチカズラ |
| Japanese | シラクチヅル |
| Japanese | ニギョウ |
| Japanese | 猿梨 |
| Korean | 다래 |
| Korean | 다래나무 |
| Korean | 참다래나무 |
| Korean | 참다래 |
| Lithuanian | smailialapė aktinidija |
| Dutch | mini-kiwi |
| Dutch | mantsjoerijse kruisbes |
| Dutch | kokuwa |
| Dutch | kiwibes |
| Dutch | kiwai |
| Polish | aktinidia ostrolistna |
| Russian | Актинидия аргута |
| Russian | Актинидия острозубчатая |
| Russian | Актинидия острая |
| Swedish | krusbärsaktinidia |
| Turkish | sibirya kivisi |
| Turkish | hardy kivi |
| Ukrainian | Актинідія гостра |
| yi | קיווי יאגדע |
| Chinese | 小羊桃 |
| Chinese | 猕猴梨叶 |
| Chinese | 猕猴梨根 |
| Chinese | 紫果猕猴桃 |
| Chinese | 軟棗獼猴桃 |
| Chinese | 奇异莓 |
| Chinese | 软枣猕猴桃 |
| Chinese | 软枣子 |
Varieties (abbr. var.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Actinidia arguta var. giraldii | (Diels) Vorosch. | Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 84: 33 (1972) |
| Actinidia arguta var. hypoleuca | (Nakai) Kitam. | Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 31: 48. 1980 (1980) |
| Actinidia arguta var. arguta |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China North-central
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Manchuria
-
Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Korea
- Taiwan
-
Middle Asia
- Uzbekistan
-
Russian Far East
- Kuril Islands
- Primorye
- Sakhalin
-
China
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Northeastern U.S.A.
- Connecticut
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- New Jersey
- New York
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
-
Northeastern U.S.A.
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000519157 |
| UNII | 94F6V01IS4 |
| Cornell Woody Plants | 15 |
| Canadensys | 27872 |
| USDA Plants | ACAR10 |
| UConn | 33 |
| Tropicos | 500145 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316460-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2620609 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 275434 |
| PaleoBotany | 26429 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 686875 |
| Observations.org | 113933 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 64478 |
| Nature Serve | 2.736834 |
| IPNI | 316460-1 |
| iNaturalist | 158005 |
| GBIF | 3189693 |
| Freebase | /m/0bqhkk |
| EPPO | ATIAR |
| EOL | 392750 |
| Elurikkus | 2533 |
| USDA GRIN | 1389 |
| Wikipedia | Actinidia_arguta |
| CMAUP | NPO26333 |
| Plantarium | 693 |
| PFAF | Actinidia arguta |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCA_030159115.1 | AAR_r2.2 | Scaffold | Kazusa DNA Research Institute | 2023-03-16 | 57 | 615.25 Mb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 135 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O | 138.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Protocatechuic Acid | 72 | Click to see | 154.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Tyrosols and derivatives / Tyrosols | |||||
| Tyrosol | 10393 | Click to see | 138.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.12.021 |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans | |||||
| 4-[(3aS,6aR)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-3-yl]-2-methoxyphenol | 137705081 | Click to see | 358.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.57.397 |
| Pinoresinol | 73399 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)OC)O | 358.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.57.397 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| (2E,6S)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-diene-1,6-diol | 11206026 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)CO | 170.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.12.021 |
| (2E,6S)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-dienal | 101794462 | Click to see | 168.23 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.023 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.12.021 |
| 2,6-Dimethylocta-2,7-diene-1,6-diol | 188028 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)CO | 170.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.12.021 |
| Linalool-8-aldehyde | 71339448 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C=O | 168.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.12.021 |
| Linalool, (-)- | 443158 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C | 154.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.12.021 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Oxalic Acid | 971 | Click to see | 90.03 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1006/FSTL.1996.0201 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Citric Acid | 311 | Click to see | 192.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1006/FSTL.1996.0201 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives | |||||
| Malic Acid | 525 | Click to see | 134.09 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1006/FSTL.1996.0201 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives | |||||
| 1,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid | 1064 | Click to see | 192.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1006/FSTL.1996.0201 |
| Quinic acid | 6508 | Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O | 192.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1006/FSTL.1996.0201 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| Sucrose | 5988 | Click to see | 342.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1006/FSTL.1996.0201 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides | |||||
| D-(-)-Fructose | 5984 | Click to see | 180.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1006/FSTL.1996.0201 |
| D-Fructose | 2723872 | Click to see | 180.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1006/FSTL.1996.0201 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Hexoses | |||||
| D-Glucose | 5793 | Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O | 180.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1006/FSTL.1996.0201 |
| D(+)-Glucose | 107526 | Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C=O)O)O)O)O)O | 180.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1006/FSTL.1996.0201 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dihydrofurans / Furanones / Butenolides | |||||
| L-Ascorbic Acid | 54670067 | Click to see | 176.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1006/FSTL.1996.0201 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxolanes | |||||
| 2-(5-Methyl-5-(oxiran-2-yl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propan-1-ol | 91264076 | Click to see | 186.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.12.021 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Methylpyridines | |||||
| (+)-Actinidine | 9812811 | Click to see | 147.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (7S)-6,7-Dihydro-4,7-dimethyl-5H-cyclopenta(c)pyridine | 68231 | Click to see | 147.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydrofurans | |||||
| (2S)-2-[(2R,5S)-5-methyl-5-[(2R)-oxiran-2-yl]oxolan-2-yl]propan-1-ol | 163195082 | Click to see | 186.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.12.021 |
| Lilac aldehyde, (2R,2'S,5'S)- | 5462398 | Click to see | 168.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.12.021 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| Caffeic Acid | 689043 | Click to see | 180.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| cis-Caffeic acid | 1549111 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O | 180.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids | |||||
| Proanthocyanidin B4 | 9959902 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)O)O | 578.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins | |||||
| Catechin | 9064 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.57.397 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2003-38886 |
| Epicatechin | 72276 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.57.397 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2003-38886 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| Cyanidin 3-(2-xylosylgalactoside) | 101692563 | Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=CC4=C(C=C(C=C4[O+]=C3C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 581.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | 162945457 | Click to see | 742.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83680-J |
| 3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | 163195284 | Click to see | 756.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)89052-B |
| 3-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-6-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | 162857485 | Click to see | 756.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)89052-B |
| 3-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-6-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 162985675 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(OC(C(C2O)O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC4=C(OC5=CC(=CC(=C5C4=O)O)O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O)C)O)O)O | 740.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)89052-B |
| 3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | 159804733 | Click to see | 596.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83680-J |
| 3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | 14825575 | Click to see | 596.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83680-J |
| 3-[6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | 14463119 | Click to see | 756.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)89052-B |
| Camelliaside B | 25115190 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 726.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83680-J |
| Camelliaside B [M+H]+ | 131752461 | Click to see | 726.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83680-J |
| Flavonol base + 4O, O-Hex-dHex-Pen | 5859848 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 742.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83680-J |
| Frangulatrioside A | 14228854 | Click to see | 740.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)89052-B |
| Leucoside | 44566720 | Click to see | 580.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83680-J |
| Quercetin 3-O-(2G-beta-D-xylopyranosylrutinoside) | 5281690 | Click to see | 742.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83680-J |
| Quercetin 3-O-Sambubioside | 5487635 | Click to see | 596.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83680-J |
| Rustoside | 74977996 | Click to see | 580.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83680-J |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Hydroxyflavonoids / 7-hydroxyflavonoids | |||||
| (2S,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-5,7-diol | 44445800 | Click to see | 288.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
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