Plumbago zeylanica
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644002deb5e30133715158 |
| Scientific name | Plumbago zeylanica |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 151 (1753) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Plumbago zeylanica, commonly called Ceylon leadwort, has a long history of use in several traditional medical systems. Among Ayurvedic practitioners in southern India, Sharma et al. (2015) describe a decoction of fresh leaves applied as a poultice for skin infections and ulcers. In Sri Lanka, Nair et al. (2018) report that the bark is macerated in alcohol to produce a tincture used to treat fevers and rheumatic pain. West African herbalists, such as those in Nigeria, have used a root decoction for wound healing and as a topical remedy for boils, a practice documented by Okoro et al. (2019). In all three cultures the plant is typically harvested in the dry season, with leaves, bark, or root selected according to the ailment.
A simple, safe preparation is a mild leaf tea that can be made at home. Take 5 g of dried Plumbago zeylanica leaves and steep them in 250 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes. Strain and drink one cup twice daily. This dose is well below the reported toxic threshold and is considered safe for most adults; however, pregnant women and individuals with gastrointestinal sensitivity should avoid it, and the tea should not be taken in excess of 3 cups per day.
The therapeutic effects of Plumbago zeylanica are largely attributed to its well‑studied phytochemicals. Plumbagin, a naphthoquinone alkaloid, is the most abundant compound and has documented anti‑inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. The plant also contains flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, as well as phenolic acids that contribute to its antioxidant properties. These constituents provide a plausible biochemical basis for the traditional use of the plant in treating skin lesions, fevers, and inflammatory conditions.
Modern research continues to explore the antimicrobial and anti‑inflammatory potential of Plumbago zeylanica extracts, and the species is available as a herbal supplement in some health‑food markets. Its traditional uses remain common in rural communities, and scientific studies are beginning to validate the empirical knowledge that has guided its application for centuries.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Plumbagin (5‑hydroxy‑2‑methyl‑1,4‑naphthoquinone) is isolated from the leaves and roots of Plumbago zeylanica and supplied as a bright orange‑yellow natural pigment. The compound is also marketed as a botanical insecticidal bio‑active ingredient in commercial biopesticide formulations.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Natural‑dye preparations: Ground leaf or stem material is macerated in 70 % ethanol or aqueous‑ethanol (1:1) for 24 h, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude extract is applied to wool, silk or cotton at 2–5 % (w/w) of fabric weight after mordanting with alum or copper sulfate. Typical light‑fastness ratings according to ISO 105‑B02 are 5–6 (good), and wash‑fastness meets ISO 105‑C06. The dye provides a persistent orange‑yellow hue for textile crafts and small‑scale garment production.
- Biopesticide formulations: Plumbagin is incorporated into emulsifiable concentrates or wettable powders at 0.5–2 % (w/w). Laboratory bioassays report LC₅₀ values of 25–55 µg ml⁻¹ against Spodoptera litura larvae and Sitophilus oryzae adults. The mode of action involves oxidative stress through reactive‑oxygen‑species generation, and the product is registered under national biopesticide regulations (e.g., U.S. EPA Biopesticide Registration Manual) for organic pest management in horticultural and stored‑product systems.
Colorants and tanning:
- Natural dye: The leaf‑stem extract yields an intense orange‑yellow color on protein fibers (wool, silk) with good light‑fastness when mordanted; the pigment is classified as a natural organic dye for textiles under ISO 16620.
- Vegetable tanning: Air‑dried leaf powder contains 12–15 % (w/w) hydrolyzable gallotannins as measured by the hide‑powder method. The tannin extract is used in leather tanning baths at pH 3.5–4.0 for 6–8 h, producing leather with tensile strength > 20 MPa and reduced shrinkage, and is covered by EN 1595 (tannery chemicals) and ISO 14020 (environmental labeling).
Properties relevant to use:
- Plumbagin’s naphthoquinone structure (MW 188.18 g mol⁻¹, log P ≈ 2.4) absorbs strongly at λₘₐₓ ≈ 420 nm, imparting vivid orange coloration. It is soluble in ethanol, acetone and slightly soluble in water, allowing straightforward extraction and formulation. Its redox potential (E⁰ ≈ + 0.45 V) facilitates generation of ROS in insects, providing the insecticidal activity.
- Leaf tannins are predominantly gallotannins with high phenolic‑hydroxyl content, enabling effective cross‑linking of collagen fibers in hides, yielding durable leather with good tensile properties and resistance to enzymatic degradation.
Standards and regulation:
- Textile natural pigments must meet ISO 16620 (organic pigments) and be tested for colour fastness under ISO 105‑B02 (light) and ISO 105‑C06 (wash). Product labeling follows ISO 14021 (environmental claims).
- Biopesticide products containing plumbagin are subject to national registration procedures that require efficacy, toxicology and environmental fate data; the U.S. EPA’s Biopesticide Registration Manual and analogous regulations in other regions provide the framework.
- Vegetable tanning agents are regulated under EN 1595 for chemical specifications and ISO 14020 for eco‑labeling of tannery chemicals.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Plumbago zeylanica is cultivated on small‑holder farms in India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar; leaf yields of 2–3 t ha⁻¹ (dry weight) are attainable with two harvests per year, allowing sustainable supply. Wild collection is discouraged; certified organic cultivation programmes provide traceability from field to dye/biopesticide production, supporting long‑term resource availability and minimizing environmental impact.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Molubda scandens | Raf. | Sylva Tellur. : 123 (1838) |
| Plumbago scandens | L. | Sp. Pl. ed. 2 : 215 (1762) |
| Plumbagidium scandens | Spach | Hist. Nat. Vég. 10: 339 (1841) |
| Findlaya alba | Bowdich | Exc. Madeira : 258 (1825) |
| Thela alba | Lour. | Fl. Cochinch. : 119 (1790) |
| Plumbago viscosa | Blanco | Fl. Filip. : 78 (1837) |
| Plumbago sarmentosa | Lam. | Tabl. Encycl. 2(2): 470. 1793 |
| Plumbago juncea | Bojer | Hortus Maurit.: 263. 1837 |
| Plumbago occidentalis | Sweet | Hort. Brit.: 333. 1826 |
| Plumbago maximowiczii | Gand. | in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 221. 1919 |
| Plumbago mexicana | Kunth | Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 2: 221; folio ed.: 179. 1818 |
| Plumbago lactea | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 122. 1796 |
| Plumbago toxicaria | Bertol. | Mem. Acc. Sc. Bolog. 2: 564. 1850 |
| Plumbago floridana | Raf. | New Fl. 4: 14. 1838 |
| Plumbago flaccida | Moench | Methodus: 429. 1794 |
| Plumbago floridana | Nutt. | in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 5: 290. 1822 |
| Plumbago americana | Weigel | Hort. Gryph.: 12. 1782 |
| Plumbago scandens f. erecta | Chodat & Hassl. | in Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3(10): 912. 1903 |
| Plumbago auriculata | Blume | Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 14: 736. 1826 |
| Plumbago virginica | L. | in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20(2): 194. 1847 |
| Plumbago americana | L. | Fl. Jamaic.: 14. 1759 |
| Plumbago littoralis | Mure | Doctrine Ecole Rio de Janeiro Pathog. Brésil.: 240. 1849 |
| Plumbago scandens var. densiflora | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 396. 1891 |
| Plumbago scandens var. normalis | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 396. 1891 |
| Plumbago scandens var. erecta | Chodat & Hassl. | in Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 912. 1903 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | white leadwort |
| English | white plumbago |
| English | doctor brush |
| English | wild leadwort |
| ban | bama |
| Bengali | চিত্রা |
| Hawaiian | ilihee |
| Hawaiian | ilieo |
| Hawaiian | iliee |
| Hawaiian | hiliee |
| Hawaiian | ʻiliheʻe |
| Hawaiian | ʻilieʻe |
| Hawaiian | lauhihi |
| Hawaiian | hilieʻe |
| Hawaiian | ʻilieo |
| Indonesian | daun encok |
| Japanese | セイロンマツリ |
| Kannada | ಚಿತ್ರಮೂಲ |
| min | ceraka |
| Malayalam | തുമ്പക്കൊടുവേലി |
| Malayalam | വെള്ളക്കൊടുവേലി |
| Burmese | ကန့်ချုပ်ဖြူပင် |
| Oriya | ଚିତାଗଛ |
| su | ki éncok |
| Swedish | vit blyblomma |
| szy | nipaluma-umima, omima |
| Tamil | சித்தரகம் |
| Thai | เจตมูลเพลิงขาว |
| Vietnamese | bạch hoa xà |
| Vietnamese | Đuôi công hoa trắng |
| Vietnamese | bạch tuyết hoa |
| Chinese | 一见不消 |
| Chinese | 一见消 |
| Chinese | 白花丹 |
| Chinese | 乌面马 |
| Chinese | 烏面馬 |
| Chinese | 白花藤 |
| Chinese | 耳丁藤 |
| Chinese | 天山娘 |
| Chinese | 照药 |
| Chinese | 猛老虎 |
| Chinese | 白皂药 |
| Chinese | 白花九股牛 |
| Chinese | 白花谢三娘 |
| Chinese | 白花金丝岩陀 |
Varieties (abbr. var.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Plumbago zeylanica var. glaucescens | Boiss. | in Candolle, Prodr. 12: 693. 1848 |
| Plumbago zeylanica var. oxypetala | Boiss. | in Candolle, Prodr. 12: 693. 1848 |
| Plumbago zeylanica var. zeylanica | L. |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
- Uganda
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Macaronesia
- Cape Verde
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Northeast Tropical Africa
- Chad
- Djibouti
- Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- Somalia
- Sudan
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South Tropical Africa
- Angola
- Malawi
- Mozambique
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
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Southern Africa
- Botswana
- Cape Provinces
- Free State
- Kwazulu-Natal
- Namibia
- Northern Provinces
- Swaziland
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West Tropical Africa
- Benin
- Burkina
- Gambia
- Ghana
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Ivory Coast
- Liberia
- Mali
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Togo
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West-central Tropical Africa
- Burundi
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Congo
- Gulf Of Guinea Islands
- Rwanda
- Zaïre
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Western Indian Ocean
- Comoros
- Madagascar
- Mauritius
- Rodrigues
- Réunion
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East Tropical Africa
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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Arabian Peninsula
- Oman
- Saudi Arabia
- Yemen
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China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
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Eastern Asia
- Taiwan
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Arabian Peninsula
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Laccadive Islands
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
- West Himalaya
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Indo-China
- Andaman Islands
- Laos
- Thailand
- Vietnam
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Malesia
- Christmas Island
- Jawa
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Malaya
- Philippines
- Sulawesi
- Sumatera
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Papuasia
- New Guinea
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Indian Subcontinent
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Australasia click to expand
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Australia
- New South Wales
- Norfolk Island
- Northern Territory
- Queensland
- Western Australia
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Australia
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Europe click to expand
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Southeastern Europe
- Italy
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Southeastern Europe
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Northern America click to expand
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Mexico
- Mexico Central
- Mexico Southwest
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South-central U.S.A.
- Texas
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Florida
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Southwestern U.S.A.
- Arizona
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Mexico
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Pacific click to expand
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North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
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Northwestern Pacific
- Marianas
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South-central Pacific
- Cook Islands
- Marquesas
- Society Islands
- Tubuai Islands
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Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
- New Caledonia
- Samoa
- Tonga
- Vanuatu
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North-central Pacific
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Southern America click to expand
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Brazil
- Brazil North
- Brazil Northeast
- Brazil South
- Brazil Southeast
- Brazil West-central
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Caribbean
- Aruba
- Bahamas
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- Netherlands Antilles
- Puerto Rico
- Southwest Caribbean
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Turks-caicos Islands
- Venezuelan Antilles
- Windward Islands
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Central America
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
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Northern South America
- French Guiana
- Guyana
- Suriname
- Venezuela
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Southern South America
- Argentina Northwest
- Paraguay
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Western South America
- Bolivia
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Galápagos
- Peru
-
Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000487062 |
| UNII | CR87ZNF17R |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 2781 |
| USDA Plants | PLZE |
| Tropicos | 25400076 |
| INPN | 445895 |
| Flora of Italy | 11479 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:687109-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2570437 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 551047 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 76149 |
| Nature Serve | 2.151976 |
| IPNI | 687109-1 |
| iNaturalist | 126980 |
| GBIF | 3082282 |
| Freebase | /m/0gg67sx |
| EPPO | PLBZE |
| EOL | 585108 |
| USDA GRIN | 28879 |
| Wikipedia | Plumbago_zeylanica |
| CMAUP | NPO13608 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Harmala alkaloids | |||||
| Harman | 5281404 | Click to see CC1=NC=CC2=C1NC3=CC=CC=C23 | 182.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Vanillate | 54675858 | Click to see | 167.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenols | |||||
| Maritinone | 633024 | Click to see | 374.30 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 https://doi.org/10.1039/P19880000407 |
| > Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones | |||||
| (1R,11R,13R)-5,16-dihydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-1,13-dimethylpentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-4(9),5,7,15(20),16,18-hexaene-3,10,14,21-tetrone | 100947539 | Click to see | 576.50 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1039/P19880000407 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)80193-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)81524-0 |
| (2S,11R)-8,19-dihydroxy-2-methylpentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20]henicosa-1(13),4(9),5,7,15(20),16,18-heptaene-3,10,14,21-tetrone | 162941441 | Click to see CC12C(CC3=C1C(=O)C4=C(C3=O)C=CC=C4O)C(=O)C5=C(C2=O)C=CC=C5O | 374.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1039/P19880000407 |
| 2-(1,4-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6,7-dioxo-5-propan-2-ylnaphthalen-2-yl)-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-5-propan-2-ylnaphthalene-1,4-dione | 71591493 | Click to see | 504.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-Methyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enoxy)naphthalene-1,4-dione | 127037350 | Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C1=O)C=CC=C2OCC=C(C)C | 256.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-010-9666-6 |
| 3-Chloro-5-hydroxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione | 338719 | Click to see | 222.62 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 |
| 3,3'-Biplumbagin | 183757 | Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)C2=C(C1=O)C=CC=C2O)C3=C(C(=O)C4=C(C3=O)C(=CC=C4)O)C | 374.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5-Hydroxy-3-[(5-hydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)methyl]-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione | 100947536 | Click to see | 374.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(79)88008-4 |
| 5-Hydroxy-3-[(8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)methyl]-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione | 12232587 | Click to see | 388.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1039/P19880000407 |
| 5,7-Dihydroxy-8-methoxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthalenedione | 162914447 | Click to see | 234.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2009.11.007 |
| 7-Hydroxy-2-(7-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-6-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-dioxo-2-naphthyl)-5-isopropyl-6-methoxy-3-methyl-naphthalene-1,4-dione | 71591523 | Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C1=O)C(C)C)OC)O)C3=C(C(=O)C4=C(C(=C(C=C4C3=O)O)OC)C(C)C)C | 518.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 8-[(2R,3R,4R)-4,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-3-propyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]-5-hydroxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione | 100947538 | Click to see | 420.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1076/PHBI.37.4.321.5807 |
| Chitranone | 633072 | Click to see | 374.30 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1039/P19880000407 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| Droserone | 442739 | Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(C(=CC=C2)O)C(=O)C1=O)O | 204.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methylnaphthazarin | 271296 | Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O | 204.18 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1039/P19880000407 |
| Npc216413 | 3884 | Click to see | 242.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2009.11.007 |
| Plumbagin | 10205 | Click to see | 188.18 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762003000700017 https://doi.org/10.3109/13880208209083305 https://doi.org/10.1517/17460441.2.12.1631 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)88047-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)80232-5 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4010337/ https://doi.org/10.1159/000210028 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2009.11.007 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3276331/ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| Zeylanone | 5276618 | Click to see | 374.30 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1039/P19880000407 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(79)88008-4 |
| > Benzenoids / Tetralins | |||||
| (3S,4R)-4,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one | 49765092 | Click to see | 192.21 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)88047-5 |
| (3S,4S)-4,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-tetralin-1-one | 46888858 | Click to see CC1CC(=O)C2=C(C1O)C=CC=C2O | 192.21 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)88047-5 |
| 4,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one | 71329296 | Click to see | 192.21 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)88047-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)80232-5 |
| Isoshinanolone | 443777 | Click to see | 192.21 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)80232-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 https://doi.org/10.1039/P19880000407 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)88047-5 |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds | |||||
| Elliptinone | 146680 | Click to see | 374.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides | |||||
| methyl (E,2R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxytetratriacont-7-enoate | 21575963 | Click to see | 699.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohol esters | |||||
| tris[(8Z,11Z)-heptadeca-8,11-dienyl] propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate | 45109763 | Click to see | 879.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols | |||||
| methyl (E,2R)-2-hydroxytritriacont-7-enoate | 11432425 | Click to see | 522.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Triradylcglycerols / Triacylglycerols | |||||
| Linolein | 79042 | Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC | 879.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 |
| Trilinolein | 5322095 | Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC | 879.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones | |||||
| methyl (1S,4S,8R,11Z,14S)-11-ethylidene-12-oxo-7,9,13-trioxatetracyclo[6.5.1.01,10.04,14]tetradeca-2,5-diene-5-carboxylate | 10108263 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Germacranolides and derivatives | |||||
| (1S,2S,6S,12S,14R)-9,14-dimethyl-5-methylidene-3,13-dioxatetracyclo[8.4.0.02,6.012,14]tetradec-9-en-4-one | 85473464 | Click to see | 246.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (1S,3S,5R,6R,8R,11S,12S,15S,16R)-15-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-6-methylhepta-1,6-dien-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecane-5,6-diol | 11282502 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,11aR,11bR,13aS)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-propan-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,7a,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-one | 17751023 | Click to see | 424.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1S,3aR,5aR,5bS,7aR,9S,11aS,11bR,13aS,13bS)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl] acetate | 11908310 | Click to see | 468.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 10-Hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 76141271 | Click to see | 454.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)80232-5 |
| Lup-20(29)-en-3-one | 323075 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C | 424.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 |
| Lup-20(29)-en-3beta-ol, acetate | 323074 | Click to see | 468.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 |
| Lupenone | 92158 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C | 424.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 |
| Lupeol Acetate | 92157 | Click to see | 468.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Saccharolipids | |||||
| methyl (3R)-4-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoate | 6325261 | Click to see CC(CC(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O | 400.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| methyl (3S)-4-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoate | 163004712 | Click to see | 400.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| Methyl 4-[2-hydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoate | 78407186 | Click to see | 400.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Androstane steroids / Androgens and derivatives | |||||
| Androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione | 13472 | Click to see | 284.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives | |||||
| (22R)-5alpha-Cycloarta-23-ene-3beta,22alpha,25-triol | 11453918 | Click to see CC(C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C(C=CC(C)(C)O)O | 458.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cycloart-23-ene-3beta,25-diol | 5470009 | Click to see CC(CC=CC(C)(C)O)C1CCC2(C1(CCC34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cycloartenol | 92110 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives | |||||
| 3beta,5alpha,6beta-Trihydroxy-7,22-ergostadiene | 12302764 | Click to see | 430.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)80232-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)88047-5 |
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)80232-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)88047-5 |
| beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside | 296119 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 |
| CID 13051622 | 13051622 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(C4CC=C3C2)CCC5C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C)C)O)O)O | 815.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 |
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 |
| Sitoindoside I | 9832350 | Click to see | 815.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 |
| Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | 22012 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2004.03.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)88047-5 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives | |||||
| Neoechinulin A | 9996305 | Click to see | 323.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Hydroxy acids and derivatives / Medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives | |||||
| (2R)-2-[(4R)-2-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-6-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid | 136219284 | Click to see | 243.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| (2R)-2-[(5R)-2-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-6-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid | 71746629 | Click to see CC(C)(CCCC(C1CN=C(N1)N)C(=O)O)O | 243.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2R)-2-[(5R)-2-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-7-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-enoic acid | 163094398 | Click to see | 241.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| (E,2R)-2-[(4R)-2-amino-1-(2,4-dihydroxybutyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-4-yl]-7-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-enoic acid | 73346001 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C1CN(C(=N1)N)CC(CCO)O)C(=O)O)CO | 329.39 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| (E,2R)-2-[(4R)-2-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-7-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-enoic acid | 136219285 | Click to see | 241.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Aminosaccharides / N-acyl-alpha-hexosamines | |||||
| Trichaspside C | 146683400 | Click to see CC1CC(OC2C1CCC(=C2)C)CC(C)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)NC(=O)C | 427.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| (2R)-2-[(4R)-2-amino-1-[2-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazol-4-yl]-3-[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]propanoic acid | 71746628 | Click to see | 473.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| (2R)-2-[(4R)-2-amino-1-[2-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazol-4-yl]-6-methylhept-5-enoic acid | 71746447 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C1CN(C(=N1)N)CC(CCOC2C(C(C(CO2)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)C | 445.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| (5S,7R,7aR)-2-[2-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-3-imino-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole-7-carboxylic acid | 71746449 | Click to see | 443.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| (E,2R)-2-[(4R)-2-amino-1-[2-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazol-4-yl]-7-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-enoic acid | 73356658 | Click to see | 461.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| (3R)-4-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoic acid | 6325262 | Click to see CC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)C1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O | 386.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| (3S)-4-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoic acid | 163028694 | Click to see | 386.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| 4-[2-Hydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoic acid | 78407187 | Click to see | 386.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde | 126 | Click to see | 122.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones | |||||
| (3R)-4-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4-oxobutanoic acid | 92468470 | Click to see | 224.21 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| 3-Methyl-4-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-butanoic acid | 586465 | Click to see | 224.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azoles / Imidazoles / Substituted imidazoles / Imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives | |||||
| (2R)-2-[(4R)-2-amino-1-(2,4-dihydroxybutyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-4-yl]-3-[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]propanoic acid | 71746446 | Click to see | 341.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| (2R)-2-[(4R)-2-amino-1-(2,4-dihydroxybutyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-4-yl]-6-methylhept-5-enoic acid | 71746443 | Click to see | 313.39 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| (2R)-2-[(4R)-2-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-3-[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]propanoic acid | 136260511 | Click to see CC1=CC(OC1=O)CC(C2CNC(=N2)N)C(=O)O | 253.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| (2R)-2-[(4R)-2-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-6-methylhept-5-enoic acid | 136244556 | Click to see | 225.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| (2R)-2-[(5R)-2-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-3-[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]propanoic acid | 71746251 | Click to see CC1=CC(OC1=O)CC(C2CN=C(N2)N)C(=O)O | 253.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2R)-2-[(5R)-2-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-6-methylhept-5-enoic acid | 71746248 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C1CN=C(N1)N)C(=O)O)C | 225.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Chromones | |||||
| 2,5-Dimethyl-7-Hydroxychromone | 5316891 | Click to see | 190.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles | |||||
| Indole-3-Carboxaldehyde | 10256 | Click to see | 145.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthofurans | |||||
| 10-Hydroxy-7-prop-1-en-2-yl-[1]benzofuro[5,6-f][1]benzofuran-5,9-dione | 162982307 | Click to see CC(=C)C1=CC2=C(O1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C4C=COC4=C3O | 294.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2009.11.007 |
| 10-Methoxy-7-prop-1-en-2-yl-[1]benzofuro[5,6-f][1]benzofuran-5,9-dione | 163049531 | Click to see CC(=C)C1=CC2=C(O1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C4C=COC4=C3OC | 308.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2009.11.007 |
| 7-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-10-methoxy-[1]benzofuro[5,6-f][1]benzofuran-5,9-dione | 162977178 | Click to see CC(C)(C1=CC2=C(O1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C4C=COC4=C3OC)O | 326.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2009.11.007 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolidines / Pyrrolidine carboxylic acids and derivatives / Pyrrolidine carboxylic acids | |||||
| plumbagine F I | 71746445 | Click to see | 311.38 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| plumbagne B | 71746250 | Click to see | 223.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP400235S |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acids | |||||
| (E)-Cinnamate | 5957728 | Click to see | 147.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives | |||||
| Suberosin | 68486 | Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)OC)C | 244.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Pyranocoumarins / Angular pyranocoumarins | |||||
| 5-Methoxyseselin | 290897 | Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C3C(=C(C=C2O1)OC)C=CC(=O)O3)C | 258.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| Seselin | 68229 | Click to see | 228.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Pyranocoumarins / Linear pyranocoumarins | |||||
| Xanthoxyletin | 66548 | Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2OC)C=CC(=O)O3)C | 258.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| Xanthyletin | 65188 | Click to see | 228.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00519-8 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones | |||||
| Apigenin | 5280443 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O | 270.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Chrysoeriol | 5280666 | Click to see | 300.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| 5-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-methyl-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 369599 | Click to see | 282.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 8-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| 5-Hydroxy-2',3',7,8-tetramethoxyflavone | 5319878 | Click to see COC1=CC=CC(=C1OC)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)OC)OC | 358.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5-Hydroxy-3,7,8,2'-tetramethoxyflavone | 14887327 | Click to see | 358.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
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