Iberis amara, commonly known as wild candytuft, rocket candytuft, and bitter candytuft, is a species of flowering plant in the Brassicaceae family. It is native to Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland, but has been introduced to numerous other locations. It grows best in warm, sunny conditions, in high-calcium soil. It is an annual plant, typically 10-30 cm tall, with branched stems, and leaves scattered along their lengths. The inflorescence is a lax racemose corymb, bearing 10-30 flowers, each 1 cm across, with four petals, white or pale violet in wild-type individuals, and deeper shades of pink, violet, or fuchsia in cultivated varieties. The fruit are suborbicular siliculae, 5-7 mm in diameter, with deeply notched apices, and reddish-brown seeds about 3 mm long.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Thlaspi amarum	Crantz	Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 1: 26 (1762)
Biauricula amara	Bubani	Fl. Pyren. 3: 225 (1901)
Biauricula panduriformis	Bubani	Fl. Pyren. 3: 224 (1901)
Biauricula resedifolia	Bubani	Fl. Pyren. 3: 223 (1901)
Crucifera iberis	E.H.L.Krause	Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. , ed. 2, 6: 162 (1902)
Iberis affinis	Jord.	Cat. Jard. Dijon : 25 (1848)
Iberis apricorum	Giraudias	Feuille Jeunes Naturalistes 6: 103 (1876)
Iberis arvatica	Jord.	Diagn. Esp. Nouv. : 288 (1864)
Iberis bicolor	Rchb.	Fl. Germ. Excurs. : 659 (1832)
Iberis bicorymbifera	Gren. & Godr.	Fl. France 1: 141 (1847)
Iberis crenata	Lam.	Encycl. 3: 213 (1789)
Iberis decipiens	Jord.	Diagn. Esp. Nouv. : 289 (1864)
Iberis forestieri	Jord.	Index Seminum (GR, Gratianopolis) 1849: 21 (1849)
Iberis martinii	Timb.-Lagr.	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 30(Rev. Bibliogr.): 186 (1883)
Iberis montolivensis	Timb.-Lagr.	Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse 1: 375 (1873)
Iberis pinetorum	Pau	Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 21 (1887)
Iberis ruficaulis	Lej.	Fl. Spa ii. 58.
Iberis sabauda	Puget	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 13: clxxv (1867)
Iberis serotina	Sennen	Le Monde des Plantes 1930, xxxi. No. 185, 31, in obs., nomen.
Iberis vinetorum	Pau	Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 21 (1887)
Iberis resedifolia	Pourr. ex Timb.-Lagr.	Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse 2 : 58 1869
Iberis latifolia	Pourr. ex Timb.-Lagr.	Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Toulouse 2 : 43 1869
Iberis amara subsp. forestieri	(Jord.) Heywood	Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69: 61 1964
Iberis resedifolia	Pourr.
Iberis panduriformis	Pourr.	Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse 3: 320 (1788)
Iberis latifolia	Pourr.	not listed
Iberis amara subsp. amara	L.
Iberis contracta subsp. vinetorum	(Pau) M.B.Crespo & Mateo	Cat. Flor. Prov. Teruel : 177 (1990)
Iberis ciliata subsp. vinetorum	(Pau) Mateo & M.B.Crespo	Fl. Abrev. Comun. Valenciana : 430 (1995)
Iberis linifolia var. vinetorum	(Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo	Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38(1): 76 (1974)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	annual candytuft
English	wild candytuft
Czech	iberka hořká
Welsh	beryn chwerw
German	bittere schleifenblume
German	bittere scheifenblume
Estonian	mõru ibeeris
Finnish	katkerasaippo
French	iberis amer
Upper Sorbian	hórka seklička
Norwegian Bokmål	prydsløyfe
Dutch	bittere scheefbloem
Polish	ubiorek gorzki
Slovak	iberka horká
Swedish	blomsteriberis
Chinese	珍珠球
Chinese	蜂室花
Chinese	屈曲花

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Eastern Asia
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
- Russian Far East
  - Primorye
- Western Asia
  - Iraq

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - West Himalaya

Australasia click to expand
- New Zealand
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Central European Russia
  - Krym
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Great Britain
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Bulgaria
  - Italy
  - Romania
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Nova Scotia
  - Ontario
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Michigan
  - New York
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
- Southern South America
  - Argentina South
- Western South America
  - Ecuador

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000728768
UNII	TBZ1B2214O
Canadensys	4056
USDA Plants	IBAM
Tropicos	4101312
INPN	103415
Flora of Italy	1579
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:324660-2
The Plant List	kew-2859697
PFAF	Iberis amara
Open Tree Of Life	299720
Observations.org	6892
NCBI Taxonomy	190884
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000002840
Nature Serve	2.148182
IPNI	324660-2
iNaturalist	164027
GBIF	5377163
EPPO	IBEAM
EOL	583871
Elurikkus	5223
USDA GRIN	19648
Wikipedia	Iberis_amara
CMAUP	NPO16511

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_900406375.1	ASM90040637v1	Scaffold	MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PLANT BREEDING RESEARCH	2019-06-15	20.0x	344.51 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Nutraceuticals and Pain Disorders of the Gut–Brain Interaction in Infants and Children: A Narrative Review and Practical Insights

Salvatore S, Carlino M, Sestito S, Concolino D, Agosti M, Pensabene L

Nutrients

25-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10856962
doi:	10.3390/nu16030349
PMID:	38337634

Eco-friendly approaches to phytochemical production: elicitation and beyond

Jalota K, Sharma V, Agarwal C, Jindal S

Nat Prod Bioprospect

10-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10776560
doi:	10.1007/s13659-023-00419-7
PMID:	38195902

Vicia faba SV channel VfTPC1 is a hyperexcitable variant of plant vacuole Two Pore Channels

Lu J, Dreyer I, Dickinson MS, Panzer S, Jaślan D, Navarro-Retamal C, Geiger D, Terpitz U, Becker D, Stroud RM, Marten I, Hedrich R

eLife

22-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10665017
doi:	10.7554/eLife.86384
PMID:	37991833

Recent Advances in the Application of Cucurbitacins as Anticancer Agents

Zieniuk B, Pawełkowicz M

Metabolites

14-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10608718
doi:	10.3390/metabo13101081
PMID:	37887406

Pseudanthia in angiosperms: a review

Baczyński J, Claßen-Bockhoff R

Ann Bot

21-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10583202
doi:	10.1093/aob/mcad103
PMID:	37478306

Developing Sustainable Agriculture Systems in Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production by Using Chitosan and Chitin-Based Biostimulants

Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Petropoulos SA, Shahrajabian N

Plants (Basel)

28-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10346470
doi:	10.3390/plants12132469
PMID:	37447031

Plant Glucosinolate Content and Host-Plant Preference and Suitability in the Small White Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and Comparison with Another Specialist Lepidopteran

Badenes-Pérez FR

Plants (Basel)

29-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10255426
doi:	10.3390/plants12112148
PMID:	37299126

TCP Transcription Factors in Plant Reproductive Development: Juggling Multiple Roles

Viola IL, Gonzalez DH

Biomolecules

26-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10216028
doi:	10.3390/biom13050750
PMID:	37238620

Research trends in the field of the gut-brain interaction: Functional dyspepsia in the spotlight – An integrated bibliometric and science mapping approach

Zhang T, Zhang B, Ma X, Zhang J, Wei Y, Wang F, Tang X

Front Neurosci

08-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10035075
doi:	10.3389/fnins.2023.1109510
PMID:	36968499

Advances in Research on the Regulation of Floral Development by CYC-like Genes

Chai Y, Liu H, Chen W, Guo C, Chen H, Cheng X, Chen D, Luo C, Zhou X, Huang C

Curr Issues Mol Biol

02-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10047570
doi:	10.3390/cimb45030131
PMID:	36975501

Optimization of ultrasonic Bath and cold plasma pre‐treatments in the spearmint essential oil isolation process

Moradi‐Sadr J, Ebadi M, Ayyari M, Ghomi H

Food Sci Nutr

11-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC10084965
doi:	10.1002/fsn3.3224
PMID:	37051368

Cucurbitacins as potential anticancer agents: new insights on molecular mechanisms

Varela C, Melim C, Neves BG, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Mamurova A, Cabral C

J Transl Med

31-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9805216
doi:	10.1186/s12967-022-03828-3
PMID:	36585670

A double-blind randomized clinical trial of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. in the patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Heydari P, Ghanadian M, Asghari G, Azimi M, Babaeian M, Adibi P

Res Pharm Sci

24-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9951779
doi:	10.4103/1735-5362.363599
PMID:	36846732

Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Brassicaceae-Derived Phytochemicals: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence for a Putative Role in the Prevention and Treatment of IBD

Cicio A, Serio R, Zizzo MG

Nutrients

21-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9824272
doi:	10.3390/nu15010031
PMID:	36615689

Metabolic engineering of cucurbitacins in Cucurbita pepo hairy roots

Almeida A, Dong L, Thorsen TH, Raadam MH, Khakimov B, Carreno-Quintero N, Kampranis SC, Bak S

Front Plant Sci

05-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9760960
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.1021907
PMID:	36544867

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-9-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxymethyl]-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid	162976962	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)COC(=O)C=CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	618.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85096-A
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cucurbitacins
(8S,9R,10R,13R,14S,16R,17R)-17-[(E,2R)-2,6-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxohept-4-en-2-yl]-16-hydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-8,10,12,15,16,17-hexahydro-7H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-olate	25245009	Click to see CC1(C2=CCC3C4(CC(C(C4(CC(=O)C3(C2C=C(C1=O)[O-])C)C)C(C)(C(=O)C=CC(C)(C)O)O)O)C)C	513.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(E,6S)-6-[(8S,9R,10R,13R,14S,16R,17R)-2,16-dihydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-8,10,12,15,16,17-hexahydro-7H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxohept-3-en-2-yl] acetate	5352013	Click to see CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C=CC(=O)C(C)(C1C(CC2(C1(CC(=O)C3(C2CC=C4C3C=C(C(=O)C4(C)C)O)C)C)C)O)O	556.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.16-0649
[6-(2,16-dihydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-8,10,12,15,16,17-hexahydro-7H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxohept-3-en-2-yl] acetate	2887	Click to see CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C=CC(=O)C(C)(C1C(CC2(C1(CC(=O)C3(C2CC=C4C3C=C(C(=O)C4(C)C)O)C)C)C)O)O	556.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.16-0649
Cucurbitacin E	5281319	Click to see CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C=CC(=O)C(C)(C1C(CC2(C1(CC(=O)C3(C2CC=C4C3C=C(C(=O)C4(C)C)O)C)C)C)O)O	556.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50112A015 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(77)84014-4
Cucurbitacin I	5281321	Click to see CC1(C2=CCC3C4(CC(C(C4(CC(=O)C3(C2C=C(C1=O)O)C)C)C(C)(C(=O)C=CC(C)(C)O)O)O)C)C	514.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50112A015
Cucurbitacin J	441819	Click to see CC1(C2=CCC3C4(CC(C(C4(CC(=O)C3(C2C=C(C1=O)O)C)C)C(C)(C(=O)CC(C(C)(C)O)O)O)O)C)C	532.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins / Cucurbitacin glycosides
2-(Hexopyranosyloxy)-16,20-dihydroxy-9,10,14-trimethyl-1,11,22-trioxo-4,9-cyclo-9,10-secocholesta-2,5,23-trien-25-yl acetate	301265	Click to see CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C=CC(=O)C(C)(C1C(CC2(C1(CC(=O)C3(C2CC=C4C3C=C(C(=O)C4(C)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)O)O	718.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85096-A
Colocynthin	54584209	Click to see CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C=CC(=O)C(C)(C1C(CC2(C1(CC(=O)C3(C2CC=C4C3C=C(C(=O)C4(C)C)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)O)O	718.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85096-A
cucurbitacin I 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	6441519	Click to see CC1(C2=CCC3C4(CC(C(C4(CC(=O)C3(C2C=C(C1=O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)(C(=O)C=CC(C)(C)O)O)O)C)C	676.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85096-A
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glucosinolates / Alkylglucosinolates
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1Z)-3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuteriophenyl)-N-sulfooxypropanimidothioate	11611665	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	428.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1Z)-4-[(S)-methylsulfinyl]-N-sulfooxybutanimidothioate	92212907	Click to see CS(=O)CCCC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	423.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0100800
[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (1E)-4-methylsulfinyl-N-sulfooxybutanimidothioate	15560239	Click to see CS(=O)CCCC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	423.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0100800
[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 4-methylsulfinyl-N-sulfooxybutanimidothioate	4479897	Click to see CS(=O)CCCC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	423.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0100800
Glucoiberin	9548622	Click to see CS(=O)CCCC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O	423.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
Melilotoside	5280759	Click to see C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	326.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organosulfur compounds / Sulfoxides
3-[(S)-methylsulfinyl]propan-1-amine	51534039	Click to see CS(=O)CCCN	121.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86697-2
3-Methanesulfinylpropan-1-amine	21259994	Click to see CS(=O)CCCN	121.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86697-2
> Organosulfur compounds / Thioethers / Dialkylthioethers
3-Methylthiopropylamine	77743	Click to see CSCCCN	105.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86697-2
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
2-Hydroxycinnamic acid, (2E)-	637540	Click to see C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O)O	164.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
Coumarin	323	Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2	146.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Isorhamnetin	5281654	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	316.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Morin	5281670	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Quercitrin	5280459	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Trifolin	5282149	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Kaempferol 3,7-diglucoside	6325460	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
kaempferol 7-O-glucoside	10095180	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
3-Methoxyluteolin	5280681	Click to see COC1=C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O	316.26	unknown	via CMAUP database

Biological Material Top

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Iberis amara

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

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