Varronia curassavica, also known as black sage or wild sage, is a flowering plant in the borage family. It is native to tropical America but has been introduced to Southeast Asia and the tropical Pacific region, where it is considered an invasive weed. The plant is distinguishable by its strong sage scent and lanceolate to ovate leaves. Its small white flowers grow in clusters and produce fleshy red fruits containing a single seed. The plant's specific epithet, curassavica, is derived from the island of Curaçao, where it was first collected.

Synonyms Top

No known synonyms.

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	cordia curassavica
Spanish	bolita prieta
Spanish	maría negra
Spanish	cordia curassavica
Portuguese	cordia verbenacea
Portuguese	erva-baleeira
Portuguese	cordia curassavica

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Madagascar
  - Mauritius

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Sri Lanka
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Christmas Island
  - Malaya

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexican Pacific Islands
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Florida

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil North
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
  - Brazil West-central
- Caribbean
  - Aruba
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Netherlands Antilles
  - Puerto Rico
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Venezuelan Antilles
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - French Guiana
  - Guyana
  - Suriname
  - Venezuela
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Argentina Northwest
  - Paraguay
  - Uruguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000420805
Florida Plant Atlas	4232
Tropicos	4001245
INPN	637239
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:262640-2
IPNI	262640-2
iNaturalist	283226
GBIF	4060951
Freebase	/m/0fqrxd0
EOL	489639
USDA GRIN	430458
Wikipedia	Varronia_curassavica

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

The Essential Oil of<i>Cordia cylindrostachya</i>Roem. & Schult. Grown on Aruba.

C. E. Fun, A. Baerheim Svendsen

Informa UK Limited

24-Apr-2012

doi:	10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864

Cordialin A and B, two new triterpenes from Cordia verbenacea DC

Vincent Vande Velde, David Lavie, Raymond Zelnik, Amabile K. Matida, Sylvio Panizza

Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

26-Apr-2004

doi:	10.1039/P19820002697

Antifungal and larvicidal cordiaquinones from the roots of Cordia curassavica.

Ioset JR, Marston A, Gupta MP, Hostettmann K

Phytochemistry

01-Mar-2000

doi:	10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00604-4
PMID:	10724189

Anti-inflammatory activity and sub-acute toxicity of artemetin.

Sertié JA, Basile AC, Panizza S, Matida AK, Zelnik R

Planta Med

01-Feb-1990

doi:	10.1055/S-2006-960879
PMID:	2356241

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones
6-(7-Hydroxy-3-isopropylidene-4-methyl-heptyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione	10449074	Click to see CC(CCCO)C(=C(C)C)CCC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C=CC2=O	326.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00604-4
6-[(4R)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-propan-2-ylideneheptyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione	162964768	Click to see CC(CCCO)C(=C(C)C)CCC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C=CC2=O	326.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00604-4
6-[(4S)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-propan-2-ylideneheptyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione	162964769	Click to see CC(CCCO)C(=C(C)C)CCC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C=CC2=O	326.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00604-4
6-[2-(1,2,6-Trimethyl-3-oxocyclohexyl)ethyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione	14635650	Click to see CC1CCC(=O)C(C1(C)CCC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(=O)C=CC3=O)C	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00604-4
6-[2-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)ethyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione	10245707	Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C1CCC3=CC4=C(C=C3)C(=O)C=CC4=O)(O2)C)C	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00604-4
6-[2-(2,2-Dimethyl-6-methylene-3-oxo-cyclohexyl)ethyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione	10336256	Click to see CC1(C(C(=C)CCC1=O)CCC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(=O)C=CC3=O)C	322.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00604-4
6-[2-[(1R,2S,6S)-1,2,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohexyl]ethyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione	10829836	Click to see CC1CCC(=O)C(C1(C)CCC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(=O)C=CC3=O)C	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00604-4
6-[2-[(1S,2R,4R)-1,3,3-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl]ethyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione	10639712	Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C1CCC3=CC4=C(C=C3)C(=O)C=CC4=O)(O2)C)C	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00604-4
6-[2-[(2R,3R,6R)-2,3,6-trimethyl-4-oxo-cyclohexyl]ethyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione	15958470	Click to see CC1CC(=O)C(C(C1CCC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(=O)C=CC3=O)C)C	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00604-4
Cordiaquinone J	11695518	Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C1CCC3=CC4=C(C=C3)C(=O)C=CC4=O)(O2)C)C	324.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00604-4
Cordiaquinone K	10663620	Click to see CC1(C(C(=C)CCC1=O)CCC2=CC3=C(C=C2)C(=O)C=CC3=O)C	322.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00604-4
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
gamma-Terpinene	7461	Click to see CC1=CCC(=CC1)C(C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
beta-OCIMENE, (3E)-	5281553	Click to see CC(=CCC=C(C)C=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
beta-Ocimene, (3Z)-	5320250	Click to see CC(=CCC=C(C)C=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Linalool, (+/-)-	6549	Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Myrcene	31253	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=C)C=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
p-CYMENE	7463	Click to see CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C	134.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(5S)-4-methylidene-1-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane	6429260	Click to see CC(C)C12CCC(=C)C1C2	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol	64685	Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
alpha-PINENE	6654	Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
beta-Pinene	14896	Click to see CC1(C2CCC(=C)C1C2)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Bornyl acetate	6448	Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2CCC1(C2(C)C)C	196.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Camphene	6616	Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C2)C1=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Camphor	2537	Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(=O)C2)C)C	152.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Sabinen	18818	Click to see CC(C)C12CCC(=C)C1C2	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Tricyclene	79035	Click to see CC1(C2CC3C1(C3C2)C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
4-Terpineol, (+/-)-	11230	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
alpha-Terpinene	7462	Click to see CC1=CC=C(CC1)C(C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Alpha-Terpineol	17100	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(C)(C)O	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Beta-Phellandrene	11142	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(=C)C=C1	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Limonene, (+/-)-	22311	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Terpinolene	11463	Click to see CC1=CCC(=C(C)C)CC1	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(-)-beta-Bourbonene	324224	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC2(C1C3C2CCC3=C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
(+)-delta-Cadinene	441005	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(=C2CC1)C)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
(+)-gamma-Cadinene	6432404	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CC1)C(=C)CCC2C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
(1R,2S,7S,8S)-1,3-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene	92042749	Click to see CC1=CCC2C3C1C2(CCC3C(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
(1R,4S,4aR)-1,6-dimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-1-ol	5315592	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(C2CC1)(C)O)C(C)C	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
(2R)-6-methyl-2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)hept-5-en-2-ol	6506009	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(C)(CCC=C(C)C)O	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
alpha-Bisabolol	10586	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(C)(CCC=C(C)C)O	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
alpha-Cadinol	10398656	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(C2CC1)(C)O)C(C)C	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
beta-Bourbonene	62566	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC2(C1C3C2CCC3=C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
beta-Cubebene	93081	Click to see CC1CCC(C2C13C2C(=C)CC3)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Cadina-1(10),4-diene	10223	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(=C2CC1)C)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Caryophyllene	5281515	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Copaene	19725	Click to see CC1=CCC2C3C1C2(CCC3C(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
gamma-Cadinene	15094	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CC1)C(=C)CCC2C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Humulene	5281520	Click to see CC1=CCC(C=CCC(=CCC1)C)(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
trans-Nerolidol	5284507	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C)C	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Elemane sesquiterpenoids
Beta-Elemene	6918391	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC(C(C1)C(=C)C)(C)C=C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eremophilane, 8,9-secoeremophilane and furoeremophilane sesquiterpenoids
(3R,5S)-4a,5-dimethyl-3-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene	5317160	Click to see CC1CCC=C2C1(CC(CC2)C(=C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Eremophilene	12309744	Click to see CC1CCC=C2C1(CC(CC2)C(=C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
(1aR,3aS,7bS)-1,1,3a,7-Tetramethyl-1a,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7b-octahydro-1H-cyclopropa[a]naphthalene	101596917	Click to see CC1=C2C3C(C3(C)C)CCC2(CCC1)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
beta-Maaliene	521242	Click to see CC1=C2C3C(C3(C)C)CCC2(CCC1)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(S,1Z,6Z)-8-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-methylenecyclodeca-1,6-diene	91723653	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
Germacrene D	5317570	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,2S,3R,5R,6S,9R,10R,13R,15S)-6-[(E,5S)-5,6-dihydroxy-6-methylhept-2-en-2-yl]-9,10,14,14-tetramethyl-16-oxapentacyclo[13.2.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadecane-3,15-diol	162932503	Click to see CC(=CCC(C(C)(C)O)O)C1CCC2(C1CC(C3C2(CCC4C35CCC(C4(C)C)(OC5)O)C)O)C	490.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19820002697
3-(3,15-Dihydroxy-9,10,14,14-tetramethyl-16-oxapentacyclo[13.2.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadecan-6-yl)-1-(3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl)but-2-en-1-one	73808261	Click to see CC(=CC(=O)C1C(O1)(C)C)C2CCC3(C2CC(C4C3(CCC5C46CCC(C5(C)C)(OC6)O)C)O)C	486.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19820002697
6-(5,6-Dihydroxy-6-methylhept-2-en-2-yl)-9,10,14,14-tetramethyl-16-oxapentacyclo[13.2.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadecane-3,15-diol	162932502	Click to see CC(=CCC(C(C)(C)O)O)C1CCC2(C1CC(C3C2(CCC4C35CCC(C4(C)C)(OC5)O)C)O)C	490.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19820002697
Cordialin A	21590017	Click to see CC(=CC(=O)C1C(O1)(C)C)C2CCC3(C2CC(C4C3(CCC5C46CCC(C5(C)C)(OC6)O)C)O)C	486.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19820002697
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acids
Cinnamic acid	444539	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O	148.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1990.9697864
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Artemetin	5320351	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)OC)OC	388.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19820002697 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960879
Brickellin	13871363	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)OC)O)OC)O)OC	404.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19820002697

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Varronia curassavica

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top