Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Echium alonsoi	Sennen & Mauricio	Diagn. Nouv. : 237 (1936)
Echium bonariense	Poir.	Encycl. 8: 674 (1808)
Echium creticum subsp. plantagineum	(L.) Malag.	Acta Phytotax. Barcinon. 18: 9 (1976 publ. 1977)
Echium diffusum	Jan ex Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. : 515 (1881)
Echium longistamineum	Pourr. ex Lapeyr.	Hist. Pl. Pyrénées , Suppl.: 29 (1818)
Echium murale	Hill	Brit. Herb. 388 1756
Echium orientale	Steph.	Enum. Stirp. Agr. Mosq. : 124 (1792)
Echium plantagineum var. alba	Mattos	Loefgrenia 85: 2 (1984)
Echium plantagineum var. monodasystemon	Beauverd & Felipp.	Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève , sér. 2, 13: 7 (1921)
Echium plantaginifolium	L. ex Moris	Att. Riunione Sci. Ital. 8: 564 (1847)
Echium plantaginoides	Roem. & Schult.	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 4: 19 (1819)
Echium pseudoviolaceum	Schur	Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 470 (1866)
Echium sennenii	Pau	Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 363 (1924)
Echium violaceum	L.	Mant. Pl. 1: 42 (1767)
Echium violaceum var. medium	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 204 1898
Echium maritimum	Guirao ex Willk. & Lange	Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 1: 788 (1798)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	paterson's curse
English	purple viper's-bugloss
Spanish	flor morada
Spanish	lenguazas
Spanish	hoja de mula
Spanish	lichariega
Spanish	polomina de canarias
Spanish	tortalsol
Spanish	viborillo
Spanish	vivorera
Spanish	vivorillo
Spanish	equio de hojas de llanten
Spanish	chupamiel de viñas
Spanish	chupamiel de vinas
Spanish	bovina peluda
Spanish	arguimula
Spanish	equio de hojas de llantén
Arabic	زهرة الأفعى الحملية
Bulgarian	живовлеково усойниче
Bulgarian	Живовлеково усойниче
Czech	hadinec jitrocelovitý
Welsh	gwiberlys porffor
German	wegerichblättriger natternkopf
Finnish	piiankieli
Finnish	ratamoneidonkieli
French	vipérine faux plantain
French	vipérine faux-plantain
Hebrew	עכנאי נאה
Hebrew	עכנאי לחכי
Upper Sorbian	putnikołopjenata hrimanka
Italian	viperina piantaginea
Japanese	車前紫
Japanese	シャゼンムラサキ
Norwegian Bokmål	hageormehode
Dutch	weegbreeslangenkruid
Polish	Żmijowiec babkowaty
Russian	Синяк подорожниковый
Swedish	blå snokört
Chinese	车前叶蓝蓟
Chinese	車前葉藍薊

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
- Macaronesia
  - Azores
  - Canary Islands
  - Madeira
  - Selvagens
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Eritrea
  - Ethiopia
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco
  - Tunisia
- Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces
  - Free State
  - Kwazulu-Natal
  - Lesotho
  - Northern Provinces

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Saudi Arabia
- Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Western Asia
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Turkey

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Norfolk Island
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland
  - South Australia
  - Tasmania
  - Victoria
  - Western Australia
- New Zealand
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Krym
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Czechoslovakia
- Northern Europe
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Newfoundland
  - Ontario
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Massachusetts
  - Pennsylvania
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Oregon
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California
- Western Canada
  - Manitoba

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil South
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Argentina Northwest
  - Argentina South
  - Chile Central
  - Chile South
  - Uruguay

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000662991
UNII	7B1EDD7295
Canadensys	3763
USDA Plants	ECPL
Tropicos	4001277
INPN	95774
Flora of Italy	4297
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:115835-1
The Plant List	kew-2784282
Open Tree Of Life	309807
NCBI Taxonomy	113446
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004020
Nature Serve	2.133206
IPNI	115835-1
iNaturalist	76764
GBIF	2925895
Freebase	/m/0cc9qz2
EPPO	EHIPL
EOL	579906
Calflora (Californian flora)	2890
USDA GRIN	14875
Wikipedia	Echium_plantagineum
CMAUP	NPO15142

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_003412495.2	ASM341249v2	Chromosome	Nanjing University	2019-05-31	115.0x	332.86 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of fatty acids from royal jelly and its effect on the structural and antioxidant property

Yu X, Li S, Peng S, Tao L, Hu F

Ultrason Sonochem

13-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10883820
doi:	10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106802
PMID:	38368809

Levels, Toxic Effects, and Risk Assessment of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Foods: A Review

Lu YS, Qiu J, Mu XY, Qian YZ, Chen L

Foods

09-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10888194
doi:	10.3390/foods13040536
PMID:	38397512

Using Analytic Hierarchy Process to Assess Beekeeping Suitability in Portuguese Controlled Areas: A First Approach

Roque N, Fernandez P, Silveira C, Vilas-Boas M, Anjos O

Insects

29-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10888816
doi:	10.3390/insects15020091
PMID:	38392511

Analysis of potential risks of clinical application of Yi Dian Hong and its proprietary Chinese medicines: A review

Chen G, Mao L, Xia H, Zhu L, Huang J, Lu Y, Liu X, Tang T

Medicine (Baltimore)

26-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10817075
doi:	10.1097/MD.0000000000036860
PMID:	38277559

The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.)

Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ

PLoS One

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10602594
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:	37792900

Effects of sowing date on photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of different Echium plantagineum L. cultivars

Wang W, Wei L, Li H, Xu H, Xu Z, Yan C, Wu Y, Ji S, Wang T

Sci Rep

04-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10477196
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-38023-x
PMID:	37666872

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systems

Zhao Y, Cartabia A, Garcés-Ruiz M, Herent MF, Quetin-Leclercq J, Ortiz S, Declerck S, Lalaymia I

Front Microbiol

10-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10447974
doi:	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216029
PMID:	37637105

Determination of the Optimum Conditions for Emulsification and Encapsulation of Echium Oil by Response Surface Methodology

Zahran HA, Catalkaya G, Yenipazar H, Capanoglu E, Şahin-Yeşilçubuk N

ACS Omega

28-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10413484
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c01779
PMID:	37576665

Bitter Is Better: Wild Greens Used in the Blue Zone of Ikaria, Greece

Pieroni A, Morini G, Piochi M, Sulaiman N, Kalle R, Haq SM, Devecchi A, Franceschini C, Zocchi DM, Migliavada R, Prakofjewa J, Sartori M, Krigas N, Ahmad M, Torri L, Sõukand R

Nutrients

21-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10385191
doi:	10.3390/nu15143242
PMID:	37513661

Exploring the Potential of Bee-Derived Antioxidants for Maintaining Oral Hygiene and Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review

Choudhary P, Tushir S, Bala M, Sharma S, Sangha MK, Rani H, Yewle NR, Kumar P, Singla D, Chandran D, Kumar M, Mekhemar M

Antioxidants (Basel)

19-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10375990
doi:	10.3390/antiox12071452
PMID:	37507990

Developing perennial wildflower strips for use in Mediterranean orchard systems

Mockford A, Urbaneja A, Ashbrook K, Westbury DB

Ecol Evol

17-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10350837
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10285
PMID:	37465612

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Food on the Italian Market

Peloso M, Minkoumba Sonfack G, Paduano S, De Martino M, De Santis B, Caprai E

Molecules

11-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10385305
doi:	10.3390/molecules28145346
PMID:	37513219

Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 31 December 2022

Gibin D, Pasinato L, Delbianco A

EFSA J

13-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10262070
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8061
PMID:	37325259

Translational Research on Bee Pollen as a Source of Nutrients: A Scoping Review from Bench to Real World

Kacemi R, Campos MG

Nutrients

22-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10221365
doi:	10.3390/nu15102413
PMID:	37242296

A comparison of Echium, fish, palm, soya, and linseed oil supplementation on pork quality

van Wyngaard BE, Hugo A, Strydom PE, de Witt FH, Pohl CH, Kanengoni AT

Anim Biosci

02-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10472157
doi:	10.5713/ab.22.0362
PMID:	37170526

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives
[7-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylbutanoate	4581422	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CCN2C1C(=CC2)COC(=O)C(C(C)C)(C(C)O)O	381.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9560512
[7-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylbutanoate	10627	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CCN2C1C(=CC2)COC(=O)C(C(C)O)(C(C)(C)O)O	397.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9560512
[7-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylbutanoate	5376265	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CCN2C1C(=CC2)COC(=O)C(C(C)O)(C(C)(C)O)O	397.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Echimidine	5281729	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CCN2C1C(=CC2)COC(=O)C(C(C)O)(C(C)(C)O)O	397.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9560512
Symlandine	5281753	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1CCN2C1C(=CC2)COC(=O)C(C(C)C)(C(C)O)O	381.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9560512
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones
(R)-1-(5,8-Dihydroxy-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl acetate	479501	Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)OC(=O)C)C	330.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)83022-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98558-3
[1-(4-Hydroxy-1-methoxy-5,8-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methylpent-3-enyl] acetate	4483891	Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=C2C(=O)C=CC(=O)C2=C1OC)O)OC(=O)C)C	344.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98558-3
Acetyl shikonin	131674214	Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)OC(=O)C)C	337.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.33.3993
Acetylshikonin	32464	Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)OC(=O)C)C	330.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)83022-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98558-3
Alkannin-beta-hydroxyisovalerate	100203	Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)OC(=O)CC(C)(C)O)C	388.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)83022-2
beta-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin	479502	Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)OC(=O)CC(C)(C)O)C	388.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(83)83022-2
C.I. Natural Red 20	5208	Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)O)C	288.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563823 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98558-3
Echinone	157629	Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=C2C(=O)C=CC(=O)C2=C1OC)O)OC(=O)C)C	344.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98558-3
Shikonin	479503	Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=CC(=O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)O)C	288.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98558-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563823
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid	3453	Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)O	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667021
6,9,12,15-Octadecatetraenoic acid	163841	Click to see CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)O	276.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667021
gamma-Linolenic acid	5280933	Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)O	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667021
Stearidonic acid	5312508	Click to see CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)O	276.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667021
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Prenylquinones
[1-[5-(3,6-Dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)furan-3-yl]-4-methylpent-3-enyl] acetate	53462660	Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=COC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C=CC2=O)OC(=O)C)C	314.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98558-3
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2-(4-((1S)-1-(acetyloxy)-4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-2-furanyl)-	157628	Click to see CC(=CCC(C1=COC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C=CC2=O)OC(=O)C)C	314.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98558-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Lupeol	259846	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids / Limonoids
(1R,2R,7R,10S,13R,14R,16S,19S,20S)-19-(furan-3-yl)-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.02,7.02,10.014,16.014,20]docosane-5,12,17-trione	99641980	Click to see CC1(C2CC(=O)C3(C(C24COC(=O)CC4O1)CCC5(C36C(O6)C(=O)OC5C7=COC=C7)C)C)C	470.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Limonin	179651	Click to see CC1(C2CC(=O)C3(C(C24COC(=O)CC4O1)CCC5(C36C(O6)C(=O)OC5C7=COC=C7)C)C)C	470.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
Beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives
Isobauerenol	3084367	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C4=C(CCC3(C2C1C)C)C5(CCC(C(C5CC4)(C)C)O)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	44429857	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OCCC5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	786.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Furanoquinolines
gamma-Fagarine	107936	Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C1N=C3C(=C2OC)C=CO3	229.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isodictamnine	442913	Click to see CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C1OC=C3	199.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kokusaginine	10227	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC	259.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Maculine	68232	Click to see COC1=C2C=COC2=NC3=CC4=C(C=C31)OCO4	243.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
Maculosidine	68222	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)N=C3C(=C2OC)C=CO3	259.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
Skimmianine	6760	Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=C3C=COC3=N2)OC)OC	259.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
Rutacultin	182049	Click to see CC(C)(C=C)C1=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2OC1=O)OC)OC	274.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens
(R)-6-(1,1-Dimethyl-allyl)-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-2,3-dihydro-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one	17753871	Click to see CC(C)(C=C)C1=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2OC1=O)OC(C3)C(C)(C)O	314.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Pyranocoumarins / Linear pyranocoumarins
3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl)-7beta-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-2H,6H-benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']dipyran-2-one	92470573	Click to see CC1(C(CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2)C=C(C(=O)O3)C(C)(C)C=C)O)C	314.40	unknown	via CMAUP database

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

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Echium plantagineum

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top