Himantoglossum hircinum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64403e40373ef896357549 |
| Scientific name | Himantoglossum hircinum |
| Authority | Spreng. |
| First published in | Syst. Veg. 3: 694 (1826) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Scientific/model‑organism use:
Himantoglossum hircinum is employed as a model organism in orchid research. Its mycorrhizal associations, reproductive biology, and genetic structure have been examined in peer‑reviewed investigations (e.g., studies published in Plant Biology, Mycorrhiza, and Conservation Genetics). The species is used to explore mycorrhizal specificity among European terrestrial orchids, to assess population genetic diversity across its European range, and to test conservation strategies. Molecular work on H. hircinum typically focuses on chloroplast DNA markers and nuclear microsatellites, providing data for phylogenetics and species‑level systematics within the Orchidaceae. Standard laboratory protocols for asymbiotic and symbiotic seed germination have been developed using H. hircinum seeds, serving as a reference for orchid propagation methods. The species also appears in population genetic and phylogeographic analyses that inform the IUCN Red List assessment and conservation planning for European orchids.
Standards and regulation:
The lizard orchid is listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which requires export or re‑export permits for any commercial transaction. Within the European Union it is protected under the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) – Annex IV – and by the EU Wildlife Trade Regulation (EU) 2021/2283, which implements CITES at the EU level. The species is also included in the Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Annex II) and is covered by national legislation in many range countries, including the United Kingdom’s Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, Germany’s Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG), France’s Code de l’environnement, Italy’s Legge 157/1992, and Spain’s Ley 42/2007. These frameworks prohibit the collection of wild specimens without a licence and regulate any trade or movement.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Because wild populations are rare and declining, collection from natural habitats is prohibited across most of its European range. Sustainable use for scientific study and educational display relies on cultivated material propagated in botanical gardens and orchid conservation programmes. Ex situ seed banks, such as the Millennium Seed Bank at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, store H. hircinum seeds for long‑term conservation. Re‑introduction projects carried out by conservation NGOs and governmental agencies aim to restore self‑sustaining populations in suitable habitats. Any collection of plant material for research or horticultural display must be authorized by the relevant competent authority, and propagation is encouraged to reduce pressure on wild populations.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Loroglossum hircinum | (L.) Rich. | De Orchid. Eur. : 32 (1817) |
| Orchis hircina | Crantz | Stirp. Austr. Fasc. , ed. 2, 2: 484 (1769) |
| Aceras hircinum | Lindl. | Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. : 282 (1835) |
| Satyrium hircinum | L. | Sp. Pl. : 944 (1753) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. laxiflorum | W.Zimm. | Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 23: 11 1917 |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. thuringiacum | (M.Schulze) M.Schulze | Orch. Deutschl. 38 1894 |
| Aceras hircinum var. thuringiacum | M.Schulze | Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 7: 17. 1889 |
| Loroglossum hircinum var. thuringiacum | (M.Schulze) E.G.Camus | Monogr. Orchid. 81 1908 |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. latisectum | Waisb. | Magyar Bot. Lapok 7: 44 1908 |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. calamistratum | (Gallé) Soó | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 33 1927 |
| Aceras hircinum var. calamistratum | Gallé | Actes Congr. Int. Bot., Paris 1900: 114. |
| Loroglossum hircinum f. calamistratum | (Gallé) E.G.Camus | Monogr. Orchid. 81 1908 |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. forcipula | (Gallé) Soó | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 33 1927 |
| Aceras hircinum var. forcipula | Gallé | Actes Congr. Int. Bot., Paris 1900: 114. |
| Loroglossum hircinum f. forcipula | (Gallé) E.G.Camus | Monogr. Orchid. 81 1908 |
| Loroglossum hircinum f. divergens | E.G.Camus | Monogr. Orchid. 81 1908 |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. divergens | Soó | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 33 1927 |
| Aceras hircinum var. divergens | Gallé | Actes Congr. Int. Bot., Paris 1900: 114. |
| Himantoglossum hircinum var. heldreichii | (Schltr.) Soó | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 33 1927 |
| Himantoglossum caprinum var. heldreichii | Schltr. | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 287. 1918 |
| Himantoglossum hircinum var. bracteatum | Schltr. | Monogr. Iconogr. Orchid. Eur. 1: 144. 1926 |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. comosum | Waisb. | Magyar Bot. Lapok 7: 44 1908 |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. brevibracteatum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 54 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. coloriglossum | Voelckel & Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 60 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. brevilaciniatum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 60 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. longelaciniatum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 62 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. acutum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 62 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum f. purpureum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 62 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum var. pendulum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 17: 21 (1988) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum var. minusculum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 53 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum var. altum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 53 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum var. praealtum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 53 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum var. viride | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 60 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum var. pullum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 61 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum var. hirsutum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 61 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum var. confusum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 61 (1983) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum lus. inodorum | Kurt.Wagner | Mitt. Arbeitskreises Heimische Orchideen 12: 55. 1983 |
| Aceras hircinum var. platyglossum | É.Gallé | Actes Congr. Int. Bot., Paris 1900: 117 (1900) |
| Loroglossum hircinum var. minor | Gray | Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 199 |
| Loroglossum hircinum var. platyglossum | (Gallé) Rouy | Fl. France 13: 183 (1912) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum var. comosum | Waisb. | Magyar Bot. Lapok 7: 44 (1908) |
| Himantoglossum hircinum lus. albidum | W.Zimm. | Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 23: 11 -1917 |
| Himantoglossum hircinum lus. viridans | W.Zimm. | Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 23: 11 -1917 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | lizard orchid |
| Spanish | orquídea del lagarto |
| Spanish | orquidea del lagarto |
| Bulgarian | обикновена пърчовка |
| Catalan | orquídia del llangardaix |
| Czech | jazýček kozlí |
| Welsh | tegeirian y fadfall |
| German | bocks-riemenzunge |
| German | bocksorchis |
| German | bocksriemenzunge |
| Persian | ارکیده مارمولکی |
| French | orchis bouc |
| French | loroglosse à odeur de bouc |
| French | satyre fétide |
| Upper Sorbian | wšědna byklinka |
| Hungarian | mediterrán sallangvirág |
| Hungarian | bakbűzű sallangvirág |
| Italian | barbone caprino |
| lb | bock-rimmerzong |
| Dutch | bokkenorchis |
| Slovak | jazýčkovec kozí |
| Vietnamese | lizard orchid |
Varieties (abbr. var.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Himantoglossum hircinum var. hircinum | Unknown |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Morocco
- Tunisia
-
Northern Africa
-
Europe click to expand
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Great Britain
-
Southeastern Europe
- Italy
- Sicilia
-
Southwestern Europe
- France
- Spain
-
Middle Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000982424 |
| Tropicos | 23507526 |
| INPN | 102797 |
| Flora of Italy | 8162 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:638840-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-99272 |
| Plantarium | 41606 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 621554 |
| Observations.org | 2562 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 59326 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0000459709 |
| IPNI | 638840-1 |
| iNaturalist | 147182 |
| GBIF | 5324951 |
| Freebase | /m/0bp3gz |
| EPPO | HMAHI |
| EOL | 1099833 |
| Wikipedia | Himantoglossum_hircinum |
| CMAUP | NPO22101 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 135 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=O)O)O | 138.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Vanillic Acid | 8468 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O | 168.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes | |||||
| Hentriacontane | 12410 | Click to see | 436.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides | |||||
| Aucubin | 91458 | Click to see C1=COC(C2C1C(C=C2CO)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O | 346.33 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-Ursolic Acid | 64945 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid | 7163172 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Stigmasterol | 5280794 | Click to see | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| Sucrose | 5988 | Click to see | 342.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides | |||||
| GlyTouCan:G72414ZC | 44420456 | Click to see | 504.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Stachyose | 439531 | Click to see | 666.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / 6-aminopurines | |||||
| Adenine | 190 | Click to see C1=NC2=NC=NC(=C2N1)N | 135.13 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids | |||||
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(E)-3-[(2S,3R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]prop-2-enoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 11027727 | Click to see | 520.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 6915840 | Click to see | 478.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 5320625 | Click to see | 478.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 110062419 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OCCC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O | 624.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Calceolarioside A | 5273566 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O | 478.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Calceolarioside B | 5273567 | Click to see | 478.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hellicoside | 5281778 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OC2C(OC(C(C2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)OCC(C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)CO)O)O | 656.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isoacteoside | 6476333 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2O)OCCC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O | 624.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isomartynoside | 91895373 | Click to see | 652.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Leucosceptoside A | 10394343 | Click to see | 638.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Martynoside | 5319292 | Click to see | 652.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Plantainoside B | 9847922 | Click to see | 478.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Plantamajoside | 5281788 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 640.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Plantasioside | 44423103 | Click to see | 476.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Scroside B | 9831187 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)OC)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 668.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Verbascoside | 5281800 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O | 624.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides | |||||
| Plantagoside | 174157 | Click to see | 466.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| Homoplantaginin | 5318083 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 462.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Plantaginin | 5320623 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |