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Galanthus nivalis

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64402672ed891633601488
Scientific name Galanthus nivalis
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 288 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

After a systematic scan of core ethnobotanical monographs and regional floras for Galanthus nivalis, I found no verifiable records of traditional teas, decoctions, tinctures, macerations, or poultices involving G. nivalis. The plant is widely recognized for its galanthamine content and ornamental history, but its documented ethnomedicinal profile across three or more cultures is lacking.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Ornamental horticultural crop; cultivated and marketed as cut flowers and garden plants (bulbs), typically in winter and early spring seasonal assortments. Bulb production supplies commercial nurseries and cut-flower markets. Flowers may be used in floral arrangements as seasonal decorative material.

Scientific/model-organism use:
Occasional reference in genetic and genomic resources (e.g., GBIF, CoL); the species is included in plant databases for biodiversity data, specimen records, and taxonomic references rather than as a laboratory model organism. No standardized laboratory protocols or genome assemblies are widely cited for this taxon.

Properties relevant to use:
The ornamental value derives from early-blooming habit, flower morphology, and landscape performance under suitable winter–spring conditions; such traits underpin commercial variety selection and cropping calendars in horticulture.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Chianthemum nivale Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 703 (1891)
Galanthus alexandri Porcius Analele Acad. Romane 14: 274. 1893 (1893)
Galanthus imperati Bertol. Fl. Ital. 4: 5 (1839)
Galanthus melvillei hort. Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 1006, in obs. 1895
Galanthus montanus Schur Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 658 (1866)
Galanthus nivalis var. atkinsii Mallett Garden (London, 1871-1927) 67: 87. 1905
Galanthus nivalis var. hololeuca Celak. Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. ser. 7, 3: 198. 1891
Galanthus nivalis var. majus Ten. Fl. Napol. 1: 140. 1814
Galanthus nivalis var. minus Ten. Fl. Napol. 1: 140. 1814
Galanthus nivalis f. pictus K.Malý Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 54: 302 1904
Galanthus nivalis f. pleniflorus P.D.Sell Fl. Great Britain Ireland 5: 363 (1996)
Galanthus nivalis var. scharlockii Casp. Schriften Königl. Phys.-Ökon. Ges. Königsberg 8(Schutzungsb.): 18 (1868)
Galanthus scharlockii (Casp.) Baker Handb. Amaryll. : 17 (1888)
Galanthus umbricus Hort.Dammann Nursery Cat. (Dammann) 1889: 4 (1889)
Galanthus nivalis subsp. imperati (Bertol.) K.Richt. Pl. Eur. 1: 234. 1890 (1890)
Galanthus nivalis var. spitzneri Podp. Výsl. Bryol. Výzk. Moravy 1: 5. 1904
Galanthus nivalis var. carpaticus S.S.Fodor Ukrayins'k. Bot. Zhurn. 40(5): 32 (1983)
Galanthus nivalis f. platypetalus Beck Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung 1894: 51.

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English snowdrop
English bucaneve
English common snowdrop
English flower of hope
Spanish campanilla blanca de invierno
Spanish campanilla de invierno
Spanish campanilla de las nieves
Spanish flor de nieve
Spanish perforanieves
Spanish chianthemum nivale
Spanish galanthus alexandri
Spanish galanthus imperati
Spanish galanthus melvillei
Spanish galanthus montanus
Spanish galanthus umbricus
Arabic زهرة اللبن الشتوية
Azerbaijani ağ qargülü
Azerbaijani qar xədicəgülü
Belarusian падснежнік
Bulgarian обикновено кокиче
Catalan lliri de neu
Catalan perce-neige
Czech sněženka podsněžník
Welsh eirlys
Danish vintergæk
Danish almindelig vintergæk
Danish vinterlilje
German schneeglöckchen
German gewöhnliches schneeglöckchen
German kleines schneeglöckchen
German perce-neige
Estonian harilik lumikelluke
Basque negu-txilintxa
Basque negu txilintxa
Persian زنگوله زمستانی
Finnish lumikello
Finnish puistolumikello
French perce-neige
French perceneige
French galantine d'hiver
French goutte de lait
French niveole
French galanthe des neiges
fy foarjiersberntsje
fy liderke
fy neaken boutsje
fy neaken earske
fy neaken mantsje
fy neaken wyfke
fy snieklokje
fy wyt wyfke
Croatian obična visibaba
Upper Sorbian knježna w sněze
Upper Sorbian mała sněhowka
Upper Sorbian naha knježna
Upper Sorbian sněhowa klanka
Upper Sorbian zažny nahušk
Hungarian hóvirág
Hungarian kikeleti hóvirág
Armenian Սպիտակ ձնծաղիկ
Italian bucaneve
Japanese マツユキソウ
Korean 설강화
Cornish bleujen ergh
Cornish bleujyow ergh
lb schnéiglëckchen
lb schnéikläckelchen
lb schnéikläckelcher
li sjnieëklökske
li sjnieklökske
li sjnièklökske
li sjnièklökskes
Lithuanian baltoji snieguolė
Lithuanian perce-neige
Latvian baltā sniegpulkstenīte
Macedonian обично кокиче
Malay tetes salju
Malay titis salji
Malay titisan salji
Malay bunga titisan salji
Norwegian Bokmål snøklokke
Norwegian Bokmål snøklokker
nds lüttje nakelte jumfer
Dutch sneeuwklokje
Dutch gewoon sneeuwklokje
Norwegian Nynorsk snøklokke
os Урс-урсид малусæг
Polish przebiśnieg
Polish gładysz pospolity
Polish gładyszek
Polish przebiśnieg pospolity
Polish przebiśnieg zwyczajny
Polish Śnieżyczka przebiśnieg
Romansh galantina da naiv
Russian Подснежник белоснежный
Samogitian snėigoulė
Slovak snežienka jarná
Slovenian zvonček
Slovenian navadni mali zvonček
Serbian висибаба
Serbian Висибаба
Swedish snödroppe
Swedish perce-neige
Turkish adi kardelen
Ukrainian Підсніжник білосніжний
Ukrainian Підсніжник звичайний
Ukrainian Первоцвіт
Walloon pucele
Chinese 雪钟花
Chinese 雪滴花
Chinese 雪花莲
Chinese 铃花水仙
Chinese 雪花蓮

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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grow seedlings at cool temperature - best achieved by sowing in open ground

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Belarus
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Great Britain
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • France
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Newfoundland
      • Ontario
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Washington
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Maryland
      • North Carolina
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Utah

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000768822
UNII 64K0364H7V
Flora of Alabama 1260
Canadensys 2510
USDA Plants GANI
Tropicos 1200026
INPN 99233
Flora of Italy 6989
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:64496-1
The Plant List kew-307568
Missouri Botanical Garden 275672
PFAF Galanthus nivalis
Open Tree Of Life 781631
Observations.org 6806
NCBI Taxonomy 4670
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000002253
Nature Serve 2.155597
IUCN Red List 162168
IPNI 64496-1
iNaturalist 51606
GBIF 2855356
Freebase /m/04q01p4
EPPO GAXNI
EOL 1088811
Elurikkus 4821
US Library of Congress sh88022799
USDA GRIN 70959
Wikipedia Galanthus_nivalis
CMAUP NPO19673
Plantarium 16845

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Contemporary HIV-1 consensus Env with AI-assisted redesigned hypervariable loops promote antibody binding Bai H, Lewitus E, Li Y, Thomas PV, Zemil M, Merbah M, Peterson CE, Thuraisamy T, Rees PA, Hajduczki A, Dussupt V, Slike B, Mendez-Rivera L, Schmid A, Kavusak E, Rao M, Smith G, Frey J, Sims A, Wieczorek L, Polonis V, Krebs SJ, Ake JA, Vasan S, Bolton DL, Joyce MG, Townsley S, Rolland M Nat Commun 09-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11082178
doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48139-x
PMID:38724518
Glycosylation and Characterization of Human Transferrin in an End-Stage Kidney Disease Miljuš G, Penezić A, Pažitná L, Gligorijević N, Baralić M, Vilotić A, Šunderić M, Robajac D, Dobrijević Z, Katrlík J, Nedić O Int J Mol Sci 24-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11083005
doi:10.3390/ijms25094625
PMID:38731843
Development of a Micropropagation Protocol for the Ex Situ Conservation of Nuttall’s Scrub Oak (Quercus dumosa) Ree JF, Powell C, Folgado R, Pence VC, Walters C, Maschinski J Plants (Basel) 20-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11054787
doi:10.3390/plants13081148
PMID:38674557
Coat protein of a whitefly‐vectored plant virus as a delivery system to target whitefly Jiménez J, Kemmerer M, King GF, Polston JE, Bonning BC Microb Biotechnol 18-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11025618
doi:10.1111/1751-7915.14468
PMID:38635158
A Complex-Type N-Glycan-Specific Lectin Isolated from Green Alga Halimeda borneensis Exhibits Potent Anti-Influenza Virus Activity Mu J, Hirayama M, Morimoto K, Hori K Int J Mol Sci 15-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11050134
doi:10.3390/ijms25084345
PMID:38673930
Triple tandem trimer immunogens for HIV-1 and influenza nucleic acid-based vaccines del Moral-Sánchez I, Wee EG, Xian Y, Lee WH, Allen JD, Torrents de la Peña A, Fróes Rocha R, Ferguson J, León AN, Koekkoek S, Schermer EE, Burger JA, Kumar S, Zwolsman R, Brinkkemper M, Aartse A, Eggink D, Han J, Yuan M, Crispin M, Ozorowski G, Ward AB, Wilson IA, Hanke T, Sliepen K, Sanders RW NPJ Vaccines 06-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC10998906
doi:10.1038/s41541-024-00862-8
PMID:38582771
Alterations in N-glycosylation of HCV E2 Protein in Children Patients with IFN-RBV Therapy Failure Zimmer K, Chmielewska AM, Jackowiak P, Figlerowicz M, Bienkowska-Szewczyk K Pathogens 15-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10974529
doi:10.3390/pathogens13030256
PMID:38535599
Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy) Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10936038
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:38475780
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 spike stability and RBD exposure on antigenicity and immunogenicity Rutten L, Swart M, Koornneef A, Bouchier P, Blokland S, Sadi A, Juraszek J, Vijayan A, Schmit-Tillemans S, Verspuij J, Choi Y, Daal CE, Perkasa A, Torres Morales S, Myeni SK, Kikkert M, Tolboom J, van Manen D, Kuipers H, Schuitemaker H, Zahn R, Langedijk JP Sci Rep 08-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10923862
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-56293-x
PMID:38459086
Genome-Wide Comprehensive Identification and In Silico Characterization of Lectin Receptor-Like Kinase Gene Family in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Ahmed FF, Dola FS, Islam MS, Zohra FT, Akter N, Rahman SM, Rauf Sarkar MA Genet Res (Camb) 27-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10914435
doi:10.1155/2024/2924953
PMID:38444770
Mosaic quadrivalent influenza vaccine single nanoparticle characterization Yang RS, Traver M, Barefoot N, Stephens T, Alabanza C, Manzella-Lapeira J, Zou G, Wolff J, Li Y, Resto M, Shadrick W, Yang Y, Ivleva VB, Tsybovsky Y, Carlton K, Brzostowski J, Gall JG, Lei QP Sci Rep 24-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10894272
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54876-2
PMID:38402303
Beneficial Effects of Sideritis clandestina Extracts and Sideridiol against Amyloid β Toxicity Gioran A, Paikopoulos Y, Panagiotidou E, Rizou AE, Nasi GI, Dimaki VD, Vraila KD, Bezantakou DS, Spatharas PM, Papandreou NC, Magafa V, Lamari FN, Iconomidou VA, Chondrogianni N Antioxidants (Basel) 21-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10967505
doi:10.3390/antiox13030261
PMID:38539796
Negative Charge-Carrying Glycans Attached to Exosomes as Novel Liquid Biopsy Marker Kosutova N, Lorencova L, Hires M, Jane E, Orovcik L, Kollar J, Kozics K, Gabelova A, Ukraintsev E, Rezek B, Kasak P, Cernocka H, Ostatna V, Blahutova J, Vikartovska A, Bertok T, Tkac J Sensors (Basel) 08-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10892626
doi:10.3390/s24041128
PMID:38400284
Oriented display of HIV-1 Env trimers by a novel coupling strategy enhances B cell activation and phagocytosis Di Vincenzo R, Beutel J, Arnold P, Wang Y, Damm D, Tannig P, Lux A, Temchura V, Eichler J, Überla K Front Immunol 08-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10882061
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344346
PMID:38390320
Preservation of memory B cell homeostasis in an individual producing broadly neutralising antibodies against HIV-1 Griffith S, Muir L, Suchanek O, Hope J, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Tuong ZK, Fung A, Touizer E, Rees-Spear C, Nans A, Roustan C, Alguel Y, Fink D, Orkin C, Deayton J, Anderson J, Gupta RK, Doores KJ, Cherepanov P, McKnight Á, Clatworthy M, McCoy LE bioRxiv 06-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10871235
doi:10.1101/2024.02.05.578789
PMID:38370662

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Crinine- and Haemanthamine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
(1S,13S,15R,18S)-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,16-tetraene-15,18-diol 5282088 Click to see 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.025
[(1S,13S,15R,18R)-15-hydroxy-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,16-tetraen-18-yl] (3S)-3-hydroxybutanoate 162870537 Click to see CC(CC(=O)OC1CN2CC3=CC4=C(C=C3C15C2CC(C=C5)O)OCO4)O 373.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.025
[(1S,13S,15R,18R)-18-[(E)-but-2-enoyl]oxy-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,16-tetraen-15-yl] (3S)-3-hydroxybutanoate 163191047 Click to see 441.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.025
[(1S,13S,15R,18R)-18-but-2-enoyloxy-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,16-tetraen-15-yl] (3S)-3-hydroxybutanoate 162936339 Click to see 441.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.025
Hamayne 443670 Click to see 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.025
Undulatin 3083985 Click to see 331.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.025
Vittatine, 11-hydroxy- 602595 Click to see 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.025
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Galanthamine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
(-)-Galantamine 9651 Click to see 287.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567346
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00186-3
13,13,15-Trideuterio-9-methoxy-4-methyl-11-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[8.6.1.01,12.06,17]heptadeca-6(17),7,9,15-tetraen-14-one 10446822 Click to see 288.36 unknown via CMAUP database
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Homolycorine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
Hippeastrine 441594 Click to see 315.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567346
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Lycorine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
Lycorine 72378 Click to see 287.31 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2005.02.003
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.025
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Phenanthridine- and phenanthridone-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
Ismine 188957 Click to see 257.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.025
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Amaryllidaceae alkaloids / Tazettine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids
Sekisanin 271607 Click to see 331.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.025
https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19540870517
Sekisanolin 5321780 Click to see CN1CC2(C3(C1CC(C=C3)OC)C4=CC5=C(C=C4CO2)OCO5)O 331.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19540870517
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.025
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 7,7-epoxylignans
(+)-Galbacin 442873 Click to see 340.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives
Guanidinoacetic Acid 763 Click to see 117.11 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids / L-alpha-amino acids
L-Arginine 6322 Click to see 174.20 unknown via CMAUP database
Lysine zwitterion 122198194 Click to see 146.19 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Histidine and derivatives
(2S)-2-ammonio-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate 6971009 Click to see 155.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Primary amines / 2-arylethylamines
Histamine 774 Click to see 111.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Primary amines / Monoalkylamines
Ethylamine 6341 Click to see CCN 45.08 unknown via CMAUP database
Isoamylamine 7894 Click to see CC(C)CCN 87.16 unknown via CMAUP database
Propylamine 7852 Click to see 59.11 unknown via CMAUP database
Putrescine 1045 Click to see 88.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Secondary amines / Dialkylamines
Dimethylamine 674 Click to see CNC 45.08 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Tertiary amines / Trialkylamines
Trimethylamine 1146 Click to see CN(C)C 59.11 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Guanidines
Agmatine 199 Click to see 130.19 unknown via CMAUP database
Guanidine 3520 Click to see 59.07 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Quaternary ammonium salts / Cholines
Choline 305 Click to see 104.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azoles / Imidazoles / Substituted imidazoles / Imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives
(S)-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid 440129 Click to see C1=C(NC=N1)CC(C(=O)O)O 156.14 unknown via CMAUP database
CID 28305488 28305488 Click to see 126.11 unknown via CMAUP database
Urocanic acid 736715 Click to see C1=C(NC=N1)C=CC(=O)O 138.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Quinolines and derivatives / Benzoquinolines / Phenanthridines and derivatives
Ungeremine 159646 Click to see C1C[N+]2=CC3=CC4=C(C=C3C5=CC(=CC1=C52)O)OCO4 266.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.03.025

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