Allium schoenoprasum

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644024c4130ce556909294
Scientific name Allium schoenoprasum
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 301 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Carpathian peoples of Eastern Europe a leaf infusion of Allium schoenoprasum is taken to soothe coughs and colds (Kovács, 2004). In Polish folk medicine a decoction of fresh or dried leaves is employed as a mild diuretic (Duke & Wain, 1981). The Sami of northern Scandinavia prepare a poultice from crushed leaves that is applied to bruises and minor skin irritations (Moerman, 1998). In each case the therapeutic action is attributed to the leaves, the only plant part consistently mentioned in ethnobotanical records for this taxon.

A practical recipe for a mild chive tea illustrates how the traditional infusion can be prepared at home. Use about 2 g of dried chive leaves (roughly one level teaspoon) and pour 200 ml of freshly boiled water over them. Cover and steep for 5–10 minutes, then strain. The warm infusion can be sipped slowly, up to two cups per day. Safety notes: excessive intake is not recommended during pregnancy, and people with known allergy to Allium species should avoid the tea; children under three years should receive only professional guidance before using any chive preparation.

The modest medicinal profile of chives is supported by well‑documented phytochemistry. Fresh leaves contain organosulfur compounds such as alliin, which converts to allicin when the tissue is crushed, together with flavonoid aglycones like quercetin and kaempferol, and significant amounts of vitamins A and C (Duke & Wain, 1981; Moerman, 1998). These constituents explain the antimicrobial, antioxidant and mild diuretic actions observed in traditional practice.

Modern research continues to validate many of the historic uses. Recent pharmacological studies confirm the antibacterial activity of chive essential oil and the antioxidant capacity of its flavonoid fractions, supporting the ethnobotanical claims. Chive tea is now marketed by several herbal‑product companies, and the plant remains a staple in both kitchen gardens and folk‑medicine dispensaries, preserving a long‑standing link between culinary use and gentle medicinal application.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Leaf material (fresh and dried) sold as a culinary herb for garnish and seasoning; chive butter; frozen, chopped leaves; freeze-dried leaves; flavored vinegars and oils; ready-to-use yogurt-based herb sauces and dips.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Used as a fresh, chopped garnish in salads, soups, egg dishes, and potato-based preparations; incorporated into compound butters, cream cheese, and soft cheese blends; infused into vinegars and oils for aromatic seasoning; mixed into potato and egg salads; applied as an herb blend ingredient. Dried leaf is used as a seasoning in packaged foods. The plant is listed as a permitted food ingredient and seasoning herb under EU and U.S. food additive and labeling frameworks for culinary herbs.

Properties relevant to use:
Leaves provide mild, sweet onion-like flavor attributable to sulfur-containing volatiles (e.g., disulfides and related compounds) typical of Allium aroma chemistry; these are lipophilic and oil-soluble, facilitating flavored oils and butter formulations. The species exhibits low essential oil yield relative to other Allium, consistent with its primary use as a leaf herb rather than a spice oil source. Fresh leaves are highly perishable with high moisture content; commercial products frequently employ freezing or freeze-drying to retain color and aroma, while controlled drying is used for shelf-stable seasonings.

Standards and regulation:
Leaf material and derived seasonings are standardized under culinary herb norms. Products containing chives as a flavoring are regulated as food ingredients under the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and analogous provisions in EU Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 for flavoring substances and the EU General Food Law. Frozen and dried leaf products follow general food processing and labeling standards; fortified or flavored products may be subject to additional additive and safety requirements.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Allium schoenoprasum is cultivated globally as an annual or biennial leafy herb, enabling rapid crop cycles from sowing to harvest. Commercial production uses field or greenhouse cultivation with mechanical or hand-harvested leaf cutting, allowing multiple cuts per season and minimal soil disturbance in managed systems.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Allium schoenoprasum var. laurentianum Fernald Rhodora 28: 167 (1926)
Ascalonicum schoenoprasum (L.) P.Renault Fl. Orne : 33 (1804)
Cepa schoenoprasa (L.) Moench Methodus : 244 (1794)
Cepa tenuifolia (Salisb.) Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 114 (1821 publ. 1822)
Porrum sibiricum (L.) Schur Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 670 (1866)
Porrum schoenoprasum (L.) Schur Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 670 (1866)
Schoenoprasum vulgare Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon , n.s., 17: 159 (1869)
Schoenissa schoenoprasa (L.) Salisb. Gen. Pl. : 91 (1866)
Schoenissa rosea Salisb. Gen. Pl. : 91 (1866)
Allium acutum Spreng. Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 1: 28 (1813)
Allium alpinum (DC.) Hegetschw. Fl. Schweiz : 322 (1839)
Allium broteri Kunth Enum. Pl. 4: 454 (1843)
Allium buhseanum Regel Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 81 (1875)
Allium foliosum Clairv. ex DC. Fl. Franç. , ed. 3, 3: 725 (1805)
Allium glaucum DC. Liliac. [Redouté] 4: t. 214. 1808 [Mar 1808]
Allium gredense Rivas Goday Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 24: 386. 1924 (1924)
Allium idzuense H.Hara J. Jap. Bot. 49: 1 (1974)
Allium lusitanicum F.Delaroche Liliac. 5: t. 271 1809
Allium lusitanicum Link ex Regel Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 78 (1875)
Allium montanum F.W.Schmidt ex Schult.f. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1072. 1830 [Oct-Dec 1830]
Allium palustre Chaix Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 1: 321 (1786)
Allium punctulatum Schltdl. Linnaea 19: 401 (1846)
Allium purpurescens Losa Contr. Estud. Fl. Veg. Zamora : 142 (1949)
Allium raddeanum Regel Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 155 (1875)
Allium reflexum F.Dietr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. , ed. 2, 1: 285 (1824)
Allium riparium Opiz Naturalientausch 6: 50 (1824)
Allium schoenoprasum var. alpinum DC. Fl. Franc. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3. 5: 319. 1815
Allium schoenoprasum var. buhseanum (Regel) Boiss. Fl. Orient. 5: 250. 1882
Allium schoenoprasum var. caespitans Ohwi Fl. Jap. ed. rev.: 1437. 1965
Allium schoenoprasum var. duriminium (Cout.) Cout. Fl. Portugal 130. 1913
Allium schoenoprasum var. foliosum (Clairv. ex DC.) Mutel Fl. Franç. Herbor. 3: 305. 1836
Allium schoenoprasum subsp. gredense (Rivas Goday) Rivas Mart., Fern.Gonz. & Sánchez Mata Opusc. Bot. Pharm. Complut. 2: 103 (1986)
Allium schoenoprasum var. idzuense (H.Hara) H.Hara J. Jap. Bot. 55: 214 (1980)
Allium schoenoprasum var. latiorifolium Pau Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 2: 42 1912
Allium schoenoprasum subsp. latiorifolium (Pau) Rivas Mart., Fern.Gonz. & Sánchez Mata Opusc. Bot. Pharm. Complut. 2: 103 (1986)
Allium schoenoprasum subsp. orosiae J.M.Monts. Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 19: 110 (1984)
Allium schoenoprasum subsp. riparium (Opiz) Celak. Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 1: 91. 1867 (1867)
Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Garcke Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland 322. 1849 [early May 1849]
Allium scorodoprasum var. alvarense Hyl. Uppsala Univ. Årsskr. 1945(7): 113.
Allium sibiricum L. Mant. Pl. 2: 562 (1771)
Allium tenuifolium Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 235 (1796)
Allium udinicum Antsupova Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 26: 38 (1989)
Allium ubinicum Kotukhov Turczaninowia 6: 5 (2003)
Allium montanum Schrank Naturhist. Briefe Oestreich 2: 220 1785
Allium schoenoprasum subsp. alpinum (DC.) Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. 741. 1882 (1882)
Allium schmitzii var. duriminium Cout. Bol. Soc. Brot. 13: 103 (1896)
Allium schoenoprasum var. lusitanicum Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. 741. 1882
Allium schoenoprasum var. broteroi (Kunth) Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. 741 1882
Allium schoenoprasum subsp. sibiricum (L.) Syme Engl. Bot. ed. 3, 9: 216. 1869 (1869)
Allium schoenoprasum f. purpuratum Konta Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 31: 158 (2005)
Allium schoenoprasum subsp. pumilum (Bunge) K.Richt. Pl. Eur. 1: 203. 1890 (1890)
Allium schoenoprasum var. pumilum Bunge Verz. Altai Pfl. 26. 1836
Allium schoenoprasum var. albidum Regel Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1866(Suppl.): 26. 1868
Allium schoenoprasum var. brevispathum Regel Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1866(Suppl.): 26. 1868
Allium sibiricum var. schoenoprasoides (Fr.) Fr. Summa Veg. Scand. 64 1846
Allium schoenoprasum var. alvarense Hyl. Bot. Not. 1953: 353.
Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartm. Handb. Skand. Fl. [ed. 4] 102. 1843
Allium schoenoprasum var. litorale Koldaeva Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 97(1): 104. 2012 [30 Jan 2012]
Allium schoenoprasum f. albiflorum J.Rousseau Canad. J. Res., Sect. C, Bot. Sci. 28: 238 (1950)
Allium carneum Schult. & Schult.f. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 7: 1028 (1830)
Allium coloratum Dulac Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées : 110 (1867)
Allium glaucum Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 167 (1852)
Allium palustre Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 235 (1796)
Allium palustre Pourr. ex Lag. Elench. Pl. : 13 (1816)
Allium roseum Krock. Fl. Siles. 1: 516 (1787)
Allium tenuifolium Pohl Tent. Fl. Bohem. 2: 10 (1814)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English chives
English wild chives
English cives
English spanish garlic
Spanish ceboliño
Spanish cebolla aromática
Spanish cebolla china
Spanish cebolla de hoja
Spanish cebolleta
Spanish cebollín
Spanish cebollina
Spanish cebollino
Spanish ciboulette
Spanish cibulet
Spanish tipulin
Spanish xonacatl
Afrikaans sprietui
Amharic ቀጭን ሽንኩርት
ang secglēac
Arabic ثوم معمر
Azerbaijani mala soğanı
azb داغ سوغانی
Belarusian трыбулька
Belarusian цыбуля рэзанец
Belarusian Цыбуля скарада
Bulgarian Сибирски лук
Tibetan ཀེའུ།
Bosnian vlasac
Catalan cibulet
Czech pažitka pobřežní
Welsh cenhinen syfi
Danish purløg
German schnittlauch
Greek Άλλιον το σχοινόπρασον
Esperanto Ŝenoprazo
Estonian murulauk
Basque tipulin
Persian پیاز کوهی
Finnish ruoholaukka
Finnish ruohosipuli
French ciboulette
frr gäärslook
Irish síobhas
Galician ceboliño
Manx shoushan
Hebrew שום העירית
Croatian vlasac
Upper Sorbian słódny kobołk
ht siv
Hungarian snidling
Hungarian metélőhagyma
Indonesian bawang batak
Indonesian lokio
Icelandic graslaukur
Italian erba cipollina
Japanese チャイブ
Japanese エゾネギ
Japanese セイヨウアサツキ
jv lokio
Kazakh Шалғын жуа
Korean 차이브
lb bratzel
li bieslouk
Lithuanian laiškinis česnakas
Latvian maurloki
Malagasy tongolo raviny
Macedonian власец
Malayalam ചൈവ്സ്
Norwegian Bokmål grasløk
Dutch bieslook
Norwegian Nynorsk graslauk
oc ceboleta
pam chives
pcd chiboléte
Polish szczypior
Polish szczypiorek
Polish czosnek szczypiorek
Portuguese cebolinha
Portuguese cebolinha verde
Romanian arpagic
Russian лук шнитт
Russian лук-резанец
Russian лук-сибулет
Russian шнитт-лук
Russian Лук скорода
sco chives
Slovak cesnak pažítkový
Slovenian drobnjak
Serbian Влашац
su bawang batak
Swedish gräslök
szl szńitloch
Tamil இனப்பூண்டு
Thai หอมจีน
Thai กุยช่ายฝรั่ง
Turkish yaprak soğanı
udm Кыр сугон
Ukrainian Цибуля-різанець
Urdu ثوم معمر
vec ajo de bisi
Vietnamese hành tăm
Walloon brele
Chinese 大蒜
Chinese 北葱(香葱)
Chinese 細香蔥
Chinese 北葱
Chinese 蝦夷蔥
Chinese 香葱

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Comoros
      • Seychelles
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • Xinjiang
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Tadzhikistan
    • Mongolia
      • Mongolia
    • Russian Far East
      • Kamchatka
      • Khabarovsk
      • Kuril Islands
      • Magadan
      • Primorye
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • Buryatiya
      • Chita
      • Irkutsk
      • Krasnoyarsk
      • Tuva
      • West Siberia
      • Yakutskiya
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
      • Iran
      • Iraq
      • Turkey
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • North European Russia
      • Northwest European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • Labrador
      • New Brunswick
      • Newfoundland
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Minnesota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Maryland
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
      • Northwest Territorie
      • Nunavut
      • Yukon
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Cuba
      • Dominican Republic
      • Haiti
      • Jamaica
      • Trinidad-Tobago
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina South

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000757278
UNII 8W1R5B72F0
Canadensys 2488
USDA Plants ALSC
Tropicos 18401721
INPN 81508
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:528823-1
The Plant List kew-296525
Plantarium 2169
Missouri Botanical Garden 282062
PFAF Allium schoenoprasum
Open Tree Of Life 626975
Observations.org 6352
NCBI Taxonomy 74900
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000002199
Nature Serve 2.160634
IUCN Red List 172256
IPNI 528823-1
iNaturalist 59254
GBIF 2855860
Freebase /m/01n40
WisFlora 2480
EPPO ALLSC
EOL 1084938
Elurikkus 2661
USDA GRIN 2369
Wikipedia Chives

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
UV reflectance in crop remote sensing: Assessing the current state of knowledge and extending research with strawberry cultivars Heath M, St-Onge D, Hausler R PLoS One 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10962828
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285912
PMID:38527020
Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet Godos J, Scazzina F, Paternò Castello C, Giampieri F, Quiles JL, Briones Urbano M, Battino M, Galvano F, Iacoviello L, de Gaetano G, Bonaccio M, Grosso G J Transl Med 21-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10956348
doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05095-w
PMID:38515140
Strain-specific evolution and host-specific regulation of transposable elements in the model plant symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis Oliveira JI, Corradi N G3 (Bethesda) 20-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11075540
doi:10.1093/g3journal/jkae055
PMID:38507600
Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy) Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10936038
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:38475780
Genome Size in the Arenaria ciliata Species Complex (Caryophyllaceae), with Special Focus on Northern Europe and the Arctic Kozlowski G, Fragnière Y, Clément B, Gilg O, Sittler B, Lang J, Eidesen PB, Lang SI, Wasowicz P, Meade C Plants (Basel) 26-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10934573
doi:10.3390/plants13050635
PMID:38475481
Metabolism of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Different Tissue Parts of Post-Harvest Chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.) Dai X, Jia C, Lu J, Yu Z Antioxidants (Basel) 25-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10967344
doi:10.3390/antiox13030279
PMID:38539813
Traditional Use of Wild Edible Plants in Slovenia: A Field Study and an Ethnobotanical Literature Review Papež Kristanc A, Kreft S, Strgulc Krajšek S, Kristanc L Plants (Basel) 24-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10934440
doi:10.3390/plants13050621
PMID:38475472
Modern and traditional cooking methods affect the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds content of Trachystemon Orientalis (L.) G. Don Demirel Ozbek Y, Saral O, Turker PF PLoS One 23-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10890727
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299037
PMID:38394328
A digital PCR approach to assess the purity of oregano Cottenet G, Blancpain C, Holzwarth J Heliyon 11-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10900423
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25985
PMID:38420487
The Dynamic Interplay Between Ribosomal DNA and Transposable Elements: A Perspective From Genomics and Cytogenetics Garcia S, Kovarik A, Maiwald S, Mann L, Schmidt N, Pascual-Díaz JP, Vitales D, Weber B, Heitkam T Mol Biol Evol 02-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10946416
doi:10.1093/molbev/msae025
PMID:38306580
Karyotype Variability in Wild Narcissus poeticus L. Populations from Different Environmental Conditions in the Dinaric Alps Pustahija F, Bašić N, Siljak-Yakovlev S Plants (Basel) 11-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10818684
doi:10.3390/plants13020208
PMID:38256761
Bioaccumulation Capacity of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Tested with Heavy Metals in Biofortification Czarnek K, Tatarczak-Michalewska M, Szopa A, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Jafernik K, Majerek D, Blicharska E Molecules 22-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10780257
doi:10.3390/molecules29010101
PMID:38202684
Green Onion (Allium fistulosum): An Aromatic Vegetable Crop Esteemed for Food, Nutritional and Therapeutic Significance Kim SH, Yoon JB, Han J, Seo YA, Kang BH, Lee J, Ochar K Foods 16-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10742967
doi:10.3390/foods12244503
PMID:38137307
Fecal Deployment: An Alternative Way of Defensive Host Plant Cardenolide Use by Lilioceris merdigera Larvae Baum M, Dobler S J Chem Ecol 07-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10991028
doi:10.1007/s10886-023-01465-8
PMID:38062246
Biological Control of Fusarium oxysporum, the Causal Agent of Fusarium Basal Rot in Onion by Bacillus spp. Shin JH, Lee HK, Lee SC, Han YK Plant Pathol J 01-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10721391
doi:10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2023.0118
PMID:38081320

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthalenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Naphthalenecarboxylic acids
Fisheacid 139583718 Click to see C1C(C(=CC2=CC=CC=C21)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4CC3C(=O)O)C(=O)O 346.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1996.TB12185.X
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Aryltetralin lignans
1-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene 12305410 Click to see 354.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00102-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
1,2,4-Trihydroxymenthane 528375 Click to see 188.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00102-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
[(3R,5S,8S,9S,10S,11R,13R,14S,17R)-17-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-yl] acetate 25180961 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2(C(CCC2C3C1C4(CCC(CC4CC3)O)C)C=C)C 360.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1996.TB12185.X
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00102-3
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids
Alanine, 3-(ethylsulfinyl)- 487523 Click to see 165.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF990938F
S-propyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide 87309 Click to see 179.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / N-acyl-alpha amino acids
2-Amino-5-[(1-carboxy-2-prop-1-enylsulfanylethyl)amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid 25203227 Click to see 290.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.16-2461
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Peptides / Cyclic peptides
cyclo[DL-Leu-DL-Phe-DL-Pro-DL-xiIle-DL-Ser-DL-xiIle-DL-Pro] 74959285 Click to see 768.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Peptides / Dipeptides
gamma-Glutamyl-S-1-propenyl cysteine 87289205 Click to see 290.34 unknown https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.16-2461
> Organic acids and derivatives / Organic thiosulfuric acids and derivatives / S-alkyl thiosulfates
3-Sulfosulfanylprop-1-ene 10582995 Click to see 154.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350
> Organic acids and derivatives / Thiosulfinic acid esters
1-Propanesulfinothioic acid, S-propyl ester 74761 Click to see 166.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350
Methanesulfinothioic acid, S-1-propyl ester 58219331 Click to see 138.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350
nPropyl-SS(O)-Propenyl 58219322 Click to see CCCSS(=O)C=CC 164.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350
Thiosulfinate 58219327 Click to see 162.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0503350
> Organosulfur compounds
hydroxy-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]-sulfanylidene-lambda4-sulfane 140163983 Click to see 122.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00024A018
> Organosulfur compounds / Organic disulfides / Dialkyldisulfides
Amyl methyl disulfide 522459 Click to see 150.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1983.TB05101.X
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80109-0
Dipropyl disulfide 12377 Click to see 150.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1983.TB05101.X
> Organosulfur compounds / Sulfenyl compounds
1-Pentanesulfenothioic acid 21251947 Click to see 136.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80109-0
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Isorhamnetin 5281654 Click to see 316.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00091-1
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00091-1
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides
3-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid 154496402 Click to see 535.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00102-3
Chrysanthemin 44256715 Click to see 449.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00102-3
Cyanidin 3-(3'',6''-dimalonylglucoside) 23724697 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC(=O)CC(=O)O)O)OC(=O)CC(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O 621.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00102-3
Cyanidin 3-(6''-acetylglucoside) 15714477 Click to see CC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC3=C(C=C(C=C3[O+]=C2C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 491.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00102-3
Cyanidin 3-O-beta-(3''-O-beta-D-glucosyl-glucoside) 101710212 Click to see 611.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1996.TB12185.X
Kuromanin 441667 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 449.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00102-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-5-O-glycosides
Cyanin 441688 Click to see 611.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1996.TB12185.X

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