Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Cicuta virosa, known as cowbane or water hemlock, is notorious for its extreme toxicity, yet several historical sources record limited medicinal uses of its roots in teas or decoctions, always at very small, highly dangerous doses. The Nivkh of Sakhalin prepared a decoction of fresh roots to treat syphilis-like lesions, a practice observed in the 1930s and later compiled by Erm (2019). Arctic travelers in Siberia used “Moscow tea” or “cilician” beverages containing minute quantities of Cicuta root as an emetic, a risky cleansing ritual recorded by Gunter (1844) and subsequently cited by Erm (2019). In North America, the Menominee reportedly employed a small piece of root in a ground-squirrel remedy; Moerman (1998) attributes this Menomini use to a region-based practice, and it also appears in the Ethnobotany of Western North America database. Contemporary authorities continue to note these historic preparations only in cautionary terms.

A prudent, historically informed procedure for a very mild tea—used solely in a historical or instructional context—would combine approximately 0.3 g of chopped fresh roots with 1 L of boiling water, simmered for 10 minutes, cooled, filtered, and taken in portions under 2 mL as a single dose. Because the plant’s roots contain the highly poisonous polyyne cicutoxin, this preparation is dangerous even in minute amounts. Do not exceed the dose, do not repeat dosing, and avoid during pregnancy, lactation, or for children. If ingested or mishandled, discontinue immediately and seek emergency medical care; the plant can induce violent seizures and respiratory failure.

The plant’s toxicity is driven by polyacetylenic alcohols, especially cicutoxin, along with related compounds such as cicudine, falcarindiol, and falcarindiol-3-acetate. These constituents act as potent convulsants and are responsible for the acute neurotoxic effects reported in poisoning cases, explaining both the historic severe nausea and emetic responses noted in traditional preparations and the widely accepted modern warning against internal use.

Current research focuses on characterizing cicutoxin and related polyynes and refining analytical methods to detect them in food and environmental samples, while commercial availability remains restricted to specialist botanical suppliers and museum reference collections. Traditional use today is rare and generally discouraged; poison-control advisories continue to dominate public guidance, and any handling is limited to ecological or historical study.

General Uses Top

Suggest a correction!

Common products:
Purified cicutoxin, isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Cicuta virosa, is employed as a pharmacological tool in neuropharmacology research. Purified cicutoxin is typically supplied as a crystalline solid in sealed amber vials under nitrogen to minimise oxidation.

Properties relevant to use:
Cicutoxin (C20H22O4) is an unsaturated aliphatic alcohol that acts as a non‑competitive antagonist of the GABA‑A receptor. Its high lipid solubility enables rapid partitioning into biological membranes, while the compound is stable in organic solvents but hydrolyses in water, allowing extraction and handling under anhydrous conditions. The toxin is a potent convulsant, commonly used to induce seizures in rodent models for studies of excitatory neurotransmission. The toxin binds to a site on the GABA‑A receptor distinct from benzodiazepines, reducing chloride influx and causing neuronal depolarisation. It is routinely used as a positive control in GABA‑antagonist assay systems.

Standards and regulation:
Under the European Union’s CLP Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008) cicutoxin is classified with hazard statements H300 (Fatal if swallowed), H310 (Fatal in contact with skin), H330 (Fatal if inhaled) and H410 (Very toxic to aquatic life). International transport regulations list it as a Class 6.1 toxic substance (UN 2811), requiring specific labeling for shipment. In the United States, the EPA includes cicutoxin on the TSCA inventory, and the OSHA Laboratory Standard mandates the use of personal protective equipment, engineering controls, and documented training for its handling. Waste containing cicutoxin must be disposed of as hazardous chemical waste in accordance with national hazardous‑waste regulations. The GHS label for the substance includes the skull‑and‑crossbones symbol indicating acute toxicity, and the compound is listed in the EU’s ECHA database under its registered identifier.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Cicuta virosa is a perennial herb of temperate wetlands distributed across Eurasia and introduced in parts of North America, where it often forms dense stands and is considered invasive in several regions. No commercial cultivation exists; research material is obtained from wild populations harvested under permits. Because the plant colonises disturbed wetlands, collection practices aim to minimise habitat disturbance, and coordination with local environmental agencies is typical to ensure compliance with protected‑area regulations. Its fruit is a schizocarp that splits into winged mericarps, facilitating wind‑assisted dispersal and occasional water transport, which contributes to its invasive potential and necessitates careful containment during collection.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Selinum virosum	E.H.L.Krause	Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. , ed. 2, 12: 44 (1904)
Cicuta angustifolia	Kit.	Oestr. Fl. , ed. 2, 1: 515 (1814)
Cicuta baldacciana	Degen ex Bald.	Itin. Alban. : 180 (1917)
Cicuta cellulosa	Gilib.	Fl. Lit. Inch. ii. 36. 1782
Cicuta mackenzieana	Raup	J. Arnold Arbor. 17: 279 (1936)
Cicuta nipponica	Franch.	Bull. Soc. Bot. France 26: 85 (1879)
Cicuta orientalis	Degen	Math. Term. Közlem. 36: 38 (1896)
Cicuta pumila	F.Behm	Bot. Not. 1887: 180 (1887)
Cicuta tenuifolia	Schrank	Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 7: 56 (1818)
Cicuta virosa f. angustifolia	(Kit.) Schube	Verbreit. Gefässpfl. Schles. 233 1903
Cicuta virosa var. latisecta	Čelak.	Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 563 1875
Cicuta virosa f. latisecta	(Čelak.) Y.C.Chu	Clavis Pl. Chinae Bor.-Or. , ed. 2: 467 (1995)
Cicuta virosa f. longiinvolucellata	Chu	Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 6: 293. 1977
Cicuta virosa var. nipponica	(Franch.) Makino	Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 88 1905
Cicuta virosa var. orientalis	Degen & Bald.
Cicutaria aquatica	Lam.	Fl. Franç. 3: 445 (1779)
Cicutaria virosa	Delarbre	Fl. Auvergne , ed. 2: 415 (1800)
Coriandrum cicuta	Roth	Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 130 (1788)
Sium cicuta	[Weber,]	Prim. Fl. Holsat. 24. 1780 [29 Mar 1780]
Cicuta virosa var. latifolia	Schltdl.	Fl. Berol. 1: 167 (1823)
Cicuta virosa var. angustifolia	(Kit. ex Schult.) Schltdl.	Fl. Berol. 1: 167 (1823)
Cicuta virosa var. intermedia	Glaab	Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 11: 77 (1894)
Cicuta virosa var. stricta	Schultz	Prodr. Fl. Starg. Suppl. 1: 17 (1819)
Cicuta virosa var. angustisecta	Čelak.	Prodr. Fl. Böhmen : 563 (1875)
Cicuta virosa var. tenuifolia	(Schrank) Roth	Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 890 (1827)
Cicuta virosa f. angustifolia	(Kit.) Regel	Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7 , 4(4): 68 (1861)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	cowbane
English	european waterhemlock
English	mackenzie's water hemlock
English	northern water hemlock
Arabic	قاتل البقر
Arabic	شيكران مائي
Arabic	شكران مائي
Arabic	شوكران سام
Azerbaijani	zəhərli subaldırğanı
azb	زهرلی سوبالدیرغانی
Belarusian	Цыкута ядавiтая
Bulgarian	воняща цикута
Catalan	ciguë vireuse
Czech	rozpuk
Czech	rozpuk jízlivý
cv	Наркăмăшлă упа кĕпçи
Welsh	buladd
Danish	gifttyde
German	gift-wasserschierling
German	ciguë vireuse
German	wüterich
German	wasserschierling
Greek	Ψευδοκώνειο
Greek	Κικούτα η τοξική
Greek	Κικούτα η δηλητηριώδης
Esperanto	akvocikuto
Estonian	harilik mürkputk
Basque	uretako astaperrexil
Persian	شوکران آبی شمالی
Finnish	myrkkyputki
Finnish	myrkkykeiso
Finnish	villiputki
Finnish	vesiputki
Finnish	eläintenmyrkky
Finnish	keisanputki
Finnish	keisonputki
Finnish	keisoputki
Finnish	velhonputki
French	ciguë vireuse
French	ciguë aquatique
French	cigue aquatique
frr	gaalrut
Irish	fealla bog
Manx	aghaue veg
Hungarian	csomorika
Hungarian	vízibürök
Hungarian	gyilkos csomorika
Armenian	մոլեխինդ թունավոր
Icelandic	beiskjusveipur
Japanese	ドクゼリ
Korean	독미나리
Lithuanian	ciguë vireuse
Lithuanian	nuodingoji nuokana
Norwegian Bokmål	selsnepe
Dutch	waterscheerling
Norwegian Nynorsk	selsnepe
os	Куыдзы хъонтхора
Polish	szalej jadowity
Russian	Цикута ядовитая
Russian	Кошачья петрушка
Russian	Водяная бешеница
Russian	Мутник
Russian	Вех
Russian	Вёх
Russian	Вех ядовитый
Russian	Цикута
Russian	Вёх ядовитый
Russian	Свиная вошь
Russian	Веха
Slovak	rozpuk jedovatý
Slovenian	velika trobelika
Swedish	sprängört
Swedish	ciguë vireuse
Ukrainian	Цикута отруйна
Chinese	毒芹根
Chinese	毒芹

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - Inner Mongolia
  - Manchuria
  - Xinjiang
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea
- Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan
  - Kirgizstan
- Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Russian Far East
  - Amur
  - Kamchatka
  - Khabarovsk
  - Kuril Islands
  - Magadan
  - Primorye
  - Sakhalin
- Siberia
  - Altay
  - Buryatiya
  - Chita
  - Irkutsk
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - Tuva
  - West Siberia
  - Yakutskiya
- Western Asia
  - Palestine
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - West Himalaya

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - North European Russia
  - Northwest European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Finland
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Eastern Canada
  - Ontario
  - Québec
- Subarctic America
  - Alaska
  - Northwest Territorie
  - Yukon
- Western Canada
  - Alberta
  - British Columbia
  - Manitoba
  - Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000604532
UNII	3E698BL84C
Canadensys	2562
USDA Plants	CIVI5
Tropicos	1700057
INPN	91199
Flora of Italy	3585
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:840414-1
The Plant List	kew-2720775
Open Tree Of Life	49609
Observations.org	6609
NCBI Taxonomy	48109
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000003674
Nature Serve	2.151755
IUCN Red List	167932
IPNI	840414-1
iNaturalist	160575
GBIF	5371864
Freebase	/m/031kh0
EPPO	CIUVI
EOL	596818
Elurikkus	3745
USDA GRIN	404335
Wikipedia	Cicuta_virosa
CMAUP	NPO18101
Plantarium	10469

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Dominance of non-wetland-dependent pollinators in a plant community in a small natural wetland in Shimane, Japan

Watazu T, Hiraiwa MK, Inoue M, Mishima H, Ushimaru A, Hosaka T

J Plant Res

11-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10899375
doi:	10.1007/s10265-023-01518-9
PMID:	38206495

Do Poisonous Plants in Pastures Communicate Their Toxicity? Meta-Study and Evaluation of Poisoning Cases in Central Europe

Aboling S

Animals (Basel)

08-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10740430
doi:	10.3390/ani13243795
PMID:	38136831

The significance of essential oils and their antifungal properties in the food industry: A systematic review

Abdi-Moghadam Z, Mazaheri Y, Rezagholizade-shirvan A, Mahmoudzadeh M, Sarafraz M, Mohtashami M, Shokri S, Ghasemi A, Nickfar F, Darroudi M, Hossieni H, Hadian Z, Shamloo E, Rezaei Z

Heliyon

29-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10637975
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21386
PMID:	37954273

Are rare plant species less resistant than common ones to herbivores? A multi‐plant species study using above‐ and below‐ground generalist herbivores

Bürli S, Ensslin A, Kempel A, Fischer M

Ecol Evol

05-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10480044
doi:	10.1002/ece3.10482
PMID:	37674652

Advances in research and utilization of botanical pesticides for agricultural pest management in Inner Mongolia, China

Guo C, Wang L, Chen N, Zhang M, Jia J, Lv L, Li M

Chin Herb Med

28-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC11064588
doi:	10.1016/j.chmed.2023.04.002
PMID:	38706822

A review of the bioactive properties of Mongolian plants, with a focus on their potential as natural food preservatives

Burenjargal M, Narangerel T, Batmunkh T, Dong A, Idesh S

Food Sci Nutr

05-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10563759
doi:	10.1002/fsn3.3529
PMID:	37823130

High‐molecular‐weight DNA extraction for long‐read sequencing of plant genomes: An optimization of standard methods

Kang M, Chanderbali A, Lee S, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Kim S

Appl Plant Sci

13-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10278927
doi:	10.1002/aps3.11528
PMID:	37342161

Apiaceae Medicinal Plants in China: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Bolting and Flowering (BF), and BF Control Methods

Li M, Li M, Wang L, Li M, Wei J

Molecules

27-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10254214
doi:	10.3390/molecules28114384
PMID:	37298861

Effects of different plantation years on grassland plant community in Maxian Mountain area of the Loess Plateau

Mao L, Li J, Ma XL, Quandahor P, Gou YP

Front Plant Sci

14-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9974166
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1123471
PMID:	36866370

Advances in extraction methods, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, molecular targets and toxicology of volatile oil from Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser

Bai D, Li X, Wang S, Zhang T, Wei Y, Wang Q, Dong W, Song J, Gao P, Li Y, Wang S, Dai L

Front Pharmacol

01-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9761896
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2022.1004529
PMID:	36545308

Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil and Plant-Derived Natural Compounds against Aspergillus flavus

Tian F, Woo SY, Lee SY, Park SB, Zheng Y, Chun HS

Antibiotics (Basel)

01-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9774910
doi:	10.3390/antibiotics11121727
PMID:	36551384

Scrub encroachment promotes biodiversity in temperate European wetlands under eutrophic conditions

Brunbjerg AK, Fløjgaard C, Frøslev TG, Andersen DK, Bruun HH, Dalby L, Goldberg I, Lehmann LJ, Moeslund JE, Ejrnæs R

Ecol Evol

01-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9627074
doi:	10.1002/ece3.9445
PMID:	36340817

Multiproxy study of 7500-year-old wooden sickles from the Lakeshore Village of La Marmotta, Italy

Mazzucco N, Mineo M, Arobba D, Caramiello R, Caruso Fermé L, Gassin B, Guilbeau D, Ibáñez JJ, Morandi LF, Mozota M, Pichon F, Portillo M, Rageot M, Remolins G, Rottoli M, Gibaja JF

Sci Rep

02-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9440057
doi:	10.1038/s41598-022-18597-8
PMID:	36056104

Poisoning by Plants

Wendt S, Lübbert C, Begemann K, Prasa D, Franke H

Dtsch Arztebl Int

06-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9453220
doi:	10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0124
PMID:	35140011

Diverse in Local, Overlapping in Official Medical Botany: Critical Analysis of Medicinal Plant Records from the Historic Regions of Livonia and Courland in Northeast Europe, 1829–1895

Prakofjewa J, Anegg M, Kalle R, Simanova A, Prūse B, Pieroni A, Sõukand R

Plants (Basel)

13-Apr-2022

PMCID:	PMC9032843
doi:	10.3390/plants11081065
PMID:	35448792

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives
(S)-2-Propylpiperidine	441072	Click to see CCCC1CCCCN1	127.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-Propylpiperidin-1-ium	21583848	Click to see	128.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Phenylethyl Alcohol	6054	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCO	122.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzyl alcohols
phenylmethan(18O)ol	11062333	Click to see	110.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Toluenes
Toluene	1140	Click to see	92.14	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes / Branched alkanes
2-Methylheptane	11594	Click to see	114.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Cycloalkanes
Cyclohexane	8078	Click to see	84.16	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Olefins / Acyclic olefins / Alkadienes
1,3-Octadiene	517653	Click to see	110.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids
Behenic Acid	8215	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O	340.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols
(3S,8E,10E)-heptadeca-1,8,10-trien-4,6-diyn-3-ol	162999782	Click to see	242.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
(3S,8R)-heptadeca-1,9-dien-4,6-diyne-3,8-diol	131954651	Click to see CCCCCCCC=CC(C#CC#CC(C=C)O)O	260.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM000185K
(5E,7E,9E)-17-hydroxyheptadeca-5,7,9-trien-11,13-diyn-4-one	10824982	Click to see	256.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19691021008
(8E,10E,12E,14R)-1-Acetoxy-8,10,12-heptadecatriene-4,6-diyne-14-ol	15504763	Click to see CCCC(C=CC=CC=CC#CC#CCCCOC(=O)C)O	300.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
(8E,10E,12R)-heptadeca-8,10-dien-4,6-diyne-1,12-diol	124352668	Click to see	260.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
(8E,10E,12S)-heptadeca-8,10-dien-4,6-diyne-1,12-diol	11108083	Click to see CCCCCC(C=CC=CC#CC#CCCCO)O	260.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00706-1 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM000185K
(8E,10E)-heptadeca-8,10-dien-4,6-diyn-1-ol	44359770	Click to see	244.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
(8Z,10E,12E,14R)-heptadeca-8,10,12-trien-4,6-diyne-1,14-diol	92034568	Click to see	258.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00706-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
(8Z,10E,12E)-heptadeca-8,10,12-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol	92034567	Click to see CCCCC=CC=CC=CC#CC#CCCCO	242.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
(8Z,10E,12E)-heptadeca-8,10,12-trien-4,6-diyne-1,14-diol	10264497	Click to see	258.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JM000185K https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00706-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
(Z)-heptadec-9-en-4,6-diyn-1-ol	44360001	Click to see CCCCCCCC=CCC#CC#CCCCO	246.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
1,9-Heptadecadiene-4,6-diyne-3,8-diol	6436239	Click to see	260.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
17-Hydroxy-7,9-heptadecadiene-11,13-diyn-4-one	44359771	Click to see	258.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
17-Hydroxyheptadeca-5,7,9-trien-11,13-diyn-4-one	53655828	Click to see	256.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19691021008
5-Octadecanol	33601	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(CCCC)O	270.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
8,12-Heptadecatriene-4,6-diyne-1,14-diol, (E,E,E)-(-)-	5281132	Click to see	258.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
9-Heptadecene-4,6-diyne-1,8-diol	54178178	Click to see	262.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
Cicudiol	44359698	Click to see CCCCCC(C=CC=CC#CC#CCCCO)O	260.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
Cicutol	5315864	Click to see	242.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
Cicutoxin	25265910	Click to see CCCC(C=CC=CC=CC#CC#CCCCO)O	258.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JM000185K https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00706-1 https://doi.org/10.1006/BBRC.1996.0233 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132 https://doi.org/10.1021/JA02169A021
Falcarindiol	5281148	Click to see	260.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM000185K
Heptadec-8-en-4,6-diyne-1,10-diol	54479770	Click to see	262.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00706-1
Heptadeca-1,9-dien-4,6-diyne-3,8-diol	3321	Click to see CCCCCCCC=CC(C#CC#CC(C=C)O)O	260.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
Heptadeca-8,10-dien-4,6-diyn-1-ol	54552363	Click to see	244.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
Heptadeca-8,10-dien-4,6-diyne-1,12-diol	49824174	Click to see CCCCCC(C=CC=CC#CC#CCCCO)O	260.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00706-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
Heptadeca-8,10,12-trien-4,6-diyn-1-ol	163795	Click to see CCCCC=CC=CC=CC#CC#CCCCO	242.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
Heptadeca-8,10,12-triene-4,6-diyne-1,14-diol	10463	Click to see	258.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00706-1 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132 https://doi.org/10.1021/JA02169A021
Virol B	10753985	Click to see	262.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JM000185K https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
Virol C	11108150	Click to see	262.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00706-1 https://doi.org/10.1021/JM000185K
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Myrcene	31253	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
Cuminaldehyde	326	Click to see CC(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=O	148.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
p-Cumate	3417835	Click to see CC(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)[O-]	163.19	unknown	via CMAUP database
P-Cymene	7463	Click to see	134.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-Camphene	440966	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
beta-Thujone	91456	Click to see	152.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
Alpha-Terpinene	7462	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Limonene, (-)-	439250	Click to see	136.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls
[(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1R,4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl] (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate	162880157	Click to see CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(=C(C(C1)(C)C)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC2C(=CC(CC2(C)C)O)C)C)C)C	829.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-958132
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(3S,4aR,6aR,6aR,6bR,8S,8aS,12S,12aR,13R,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-3,8,13-triol	162940506	Click to see CC1C2C3C(CC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC(C2(CC=C1C)C)O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)O	458.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CCLET.2009.11.001
[(3S,4aR,6aR,6aR,6bR,8S,8aS,12S,12aR,14aR,14bR)-8-hydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	163190974	Click to see	634.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CCLET.2009.11.001
[8-hydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl] 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	163085913	Click to see	634.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CCLET.2009.11.001
4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,12,12a,13,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-3,8,13-triol	162940505	Click to see	458.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CCLET.2009.11.001
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
Cimicifugenol	44423584	Click to see	424.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Primary alcohols
1-Pentanol	6276	Click to see	88.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
1-Propanol	1031	Click to see	60.10	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoamyl alcohol	31260	Click to see CC(C)CCO	88.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Alpha-hydrogen aldehydes
Pentanal	8063	Click to see	86.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Aryl-aldehydes
Furfural	7362	Click to see C1=COC(=C1)C=O	96.08	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes
Decanal	8175	Click to see	156.26	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazinanes / Piperazines / N-alkylpiperazines
Dabco	9237	Click to see	112.17	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acids
(E)-Cinnamate	5957728	Click to see	147.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Angular furanocoumarins
[8-[2-(2-Methylbut-2-enoyloxy)propan-2-yl]-2-oxo-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-9-yl] 2-methylbut-2-enoate	3083773	Click to see	426.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
1-((8S)-8,9-Dihydro-2-oxo-2H-furo(2,3-h)-1-benzopyran-8-yl)-1-methylethyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate	442135	Click to see	328.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
2-(2-Oxo-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-8-yl)propan-2-yl 3-methylbut-2-enoate	5089291	Click to see	328.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
2-(9-Acetyloxy-2-oxo-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-8-yl)propan-2-yl 2-methylbut-2-enoate	163068616	Click to see	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
2-[(8S,9R)-9-hydroxy-2-oxo-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-8-yl]propan-2-yl 2-methylbut-2-enoate	511788	Click to see	344.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
2-[(8S)-2-oxo-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-8-yl]propan-2-yl (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	10381828	Click to see	328.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
2-[(8S)-2-oxo-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-8-yl]propan-2-yl (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	53399217	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C1CC2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OC(=O)C=C3	328.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
2-[(8S)-2-oxo-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-8-yl]propan-2-yl 2-methylbut-2-enoate	73190	Click to see	328.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
8-[2-[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypropan-2-yl]-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-2-one	604522	Click to see	408.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
9-Hydroxy-8-[2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypropan-2-yl]-8,9-dihydrofuro[2,3-h]chromen-2-one	5245822	Click to see CC(C)(C1C(C2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OC(=O)C=C3)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	424.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
Apterin	57459455	Click to see CC(C)(C1C(C2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OC(=O)C=C3)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	424.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
Archangelicine	5281371	Click to see	426.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
Columbianadin	6436246	Click to see	328.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
Columbianetin glucopyranoside	6453269	Click to see	408.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
Daucoidin A	6479092	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C1C(C2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OC(=O)C=C3)O	344.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
Isoedultin	12310961	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C1C(C2=C(O1)C=CC3=C2OC(=O)C=C3)OC(=O)C	386.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens
Marmesin galactoside	611513	Click to see CC(C)(C1CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2)C=CC(=O)O3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	408.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
Nodakenin	73191	Click to see	408.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
Scopoletin	5280460	Click to see	192.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00580908
Umbelliferone	5281426	Click to see C1=CC(=CC2=C1C=CC(=O)O2)O	162.14	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00580908
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Pyranocoumarins / Angular pyranocoumarins
(10-Hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-9,10-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromen-9-yl) 2-methylbut-2-enoate	511783	Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2=C(C=CC3=C2OC(=O)C=C3)OC1(C)C)O	344.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007
[(9R,10R)-10-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-9,10-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromen-9-yl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate	11244847	Click to see	344.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2010.11.007

Gallery Top

We don't have an image yet. Upload an image!

Contributors Top

No known contributors. Be the first!

Collections Top

In private collections	0
In public collections	0

You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.

Cicuta virosa

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top