Pinus merkusii, also known as the Merkus pine or Sumatran pine, is a medium to large-sized tree native to the Malesia region of southeast Asia. It is the only pine species that naturally occurs south of the equator. The tree can reach heights of 25-45 meters and has a thick, orange-red bark. Its leaves are slender and green to yellowish green in color. The cones are narrow and open to release seeds that are wind-dispersed. Pinus merkusii is closely related to the Tenasserim pine and other Mediterranean pines. It is mainly found in Indonesia, with two outlying populations in central Sumatra and in the Philippines. The population in central Sumatra is the only natural occurrence of any member of the Pinaceae family south of the equator. It typically grows at moderate altitudes but can also be found at lower and higher elevations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Pinus finlaysoniana	Wall. ex Blume	Rumphia 3: 210 (1847)
Pinus sumatrana	hort. ex Mirb.	Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 13: 69 (1825)
Pinus merkusii subsp. ustulata	Businský	Acta Pruhon. 88: 7 (2008)
Pinus ustulata	(Businský) Businský	Phyton (Horn) 54: 6 (2014)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	merkus's pine
English	mindoro pine
English	sumatran pine
English	merkus pine
Esperanto	merkus-pino
Estonian	merkuse mänd
Persian	کاج سوماترایی
Persian	کاج سوماترا
Finnish	indonesianmänty
French	pin de sumatra
Croatian	sumatranski bor
Indonesian	tusam sumatera
Japanese	メルクシマツ
koi	Суматраись пожум
Lithuanian	vietnaminė pušis
Malay	kayu tusam
Polish	sosna merkusa
Portuguese	pinheiro de sumatra
Thai	สนสองใบ
udm	Суматраысь пужым
Vietnamese	thông sumatra
Chinese	南洋松

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Malesia
  - Philippines
  - Sumatera

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000482024
USDA Plants	PIME2
Tropicos	24900972
INPN	446374
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263108-1
The Plant List	kew-2562731
Open Tree Of Life	837877
NCBI Taxonomy	71641
IUCN Red List	32624
IPNI	263108-1
iNaturalist	135788
GBIF	5285119
Freebase	/m/0416s1
EPPO	PIUMK
EOL	1034949
USDA GRIN	28483
Wikipedia	Pinus_merkusii

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Worldwide forest surveys reveal forty-three new species in Phytophthora major Clade 2 with fundamental implications for the evolution and biogeography of the genus and global plant biosecurity

Jung T, Milenković I, Balci Y, Janoušek J, Kudláček T, Nagy ZÁ, Baharuddin B, Bakonyi J, Broders KD, Cacciola SO, Chang TT, Chi NM, Corcobado T, Cravador A, Đorđević B, Durán A, Ferreira M, Fu CH, Garcia L, Hieno A, Ho HH, Hong C, Junaid M, Kageyama K, Kuswinanti T, Maia C, Májek T, Masuya H, Magnano di San Lio G, Mendieta-Araica B, Nasri N, Oliveira LS, Pane A, Pérez-Sierra A, Rosmana A, Sanfuentes von Stowasser E, Scanu B, Singh R, Stanivuković Z, Tarigan M, Thu PQ, Tomić Z, Tomšovský M, Uematsu S, Webber JF, Zeng HC, Zheng FC, Brasier CM, Horta Jung M

Stud Mycol

27-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC11003442
doi:	10.3114/sim.2024.107.04
PMID:	38600961

Glomeromycota associations with bamboos (Bambusoideae) worldwide, a qualitative systematic review of a promising symbiosis

Sánchez-Matiz JJ, Díaz-Ariza LA

PeerJ

09-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10640841
doi:	10.7717/peerj.16151
PMID:	38025720

Phylogenetic analysis and morphology of Ganoderma multipileum, a Ganoderma species associated with dieback of the metropolitan woody plant Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf. in Vietnam

Nguyen TT, Nguyen HD, Bui AT, Pham KH, Van KT, Tran LT, Tran MH

Sci Prog

23-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10467396
doi:	10.1177/00368504231195503
PMID:	37611190

Sequential Esterification—Diels-Alder Reactions for Improving Pine Rosin Durability within Road Marking Paint

Aqsha A, Winoto HP, Adhi TP, Adisasmito S, Ramli Y, Siddiq L, Pratama FB, Ramdani MR, Indarto A

Molecules

05-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10343265
doi:	10.3390/molecules28135236
PMID:	37446897

Determination of productivity, yield and bioactivity of propolis extract produced by Tetragonula spp. Cultivated in Modular tetragonula hives

Abduh MY, Ramdhani F, Setiawan A, Rifqialdi G, Rahmawati A, Zainudin IM

Heliyon

17-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10333466
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17304
PMID:	37441379

New and Interesting Fungi. 6

Crous PW, Akulov A, Balashov S, Boers J, Braun U, Castillo J, Delgado MA, Denman S, Erhard A, Gusella G, Jurjević Ž, Kruse J, Malloch DW, Osieck ER, Polizzi G, Schumacher RK, Slootweg E, Starink-Willemse M, van Iperen AL, Verkley GJ, Groenewald JZ

Fungal Syst Evol

16-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10966675
doi:	10.3114/fuse.2023.11.09
PMID:	38545457

Anti-Atopic Dermatitis Effects of Abietic Acid Isolated from Rosin under Condition Optimized by Response Surface Methodology in DNCB-Spread BALB/c Mice

Park J, Kim JE, Jin YJ, Roh YJ, Song HJ, Seol A, Park SH, Seo S, Lee H, Hwang DY

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

07-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10054120
doi:	10.3390/ph16030407
PMID:	36986507

Carbon Sequestration in Resin-Tapped Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) Subtropical Plantations

Rodrigues-Honda KC, Junkes CF, de Lima JC, Waldow VD, Rocha FS, Sausen TL, Bayer C, Talamini E, Fett-Neto AG

Biology (Basel)

16-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9953639
doi:	10.3390/biology12020324
PMID:	36829599

Diversity of substrate type, ethnomycology, mineral composition, proximate, and phytochemical compounds of the Schizopyllum commune Fr. in the area along Palu-Koro Fault, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Yusran Y, Erniwati E, Khumaidi A, Pitopang R, Jati IR

Saudi J Biol Sci

14-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9985035
doi:	10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103593
PMID:	36879672

Genetic analysis and elite tree selection of the main resin components of slash pine

Ding X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Diao S, Luan Q, Jiang J

Front Plant Sci

01-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9930156
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1079952
PMID:	36818862

A novel seed cone of Pinus from the Miocene of coastal Southeast China indicates kinship with Southeast Asian pines

Li XC, Hu Y, Zhang X, Xiao L, Liang LN, Zhang RZ, Qiao L

Plant Divers

13-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC10772114
doi:	10.1016/j.pld.2022.12.002
PMID:	38197003

Studies of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Pinus gerardiana and Pinus roxburghii Seed Extracts

Bhardwaj K, Sharma R, Cruz-Martins N, Valko M, Upadhyay NK, Kuča K, Bhardwaj P

Biomed Res Int

31-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9173889
doi:	10.1155/2022/5938610
PMID:	35686234

The Habituation Process in Two Groups of Wild Moor Macaques (Macaca maura)

Hernández Tienda C, Majolo B, Romero T, Illa Maulany R, Oka Ngakan P, Beltrán Francés V, Gregorio Hernández E, Gómez-Melara J, Llorente M, Amici F

Int J Primatol

14-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC8758468
doi:	10.1007/s10764-021-00275-7
PMID:	35043025

Can Forest Trees Cope with Climate Change?—Effects of DNA Methylation on Gene Expression and Adaptation to Environmental Change

Klupczyńska EA, Ratajczak E

Int J Mol Sci

16-Dec-2021

PMCID:	PMC8703565
doi:	10.3390/ijms222413524
PMID:	34948318

Potential Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Activity of Plant Secondary Metabolites: Insight with Molecular Docking Interactions

Kumar M, Singh SK, Singh PP, Singh VK, Rai AC, Srivastava AK, Shukla L, Kesawat MS, Kumar Jaiswal A, Chung SM, Kumar A

Antioxidants (Basel)

14-Dec-2021

PMCID:	PMC8750514
doi:	10.3390/antiox10121990
PMID:	34943093

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
gamma-Terpinene	7461	Click to see CC1=CCC(=CC1)C(C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl thioesters / Acyl CoAs / 3-oxo-acyl CoAs
3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA	139031573	Click to see CC(C)(COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCC1C(C(C(O1)N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O)OP(=O)(O)O)C(C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSC(=O)CC(=O)CC=CCC(=O)O)O	935.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(95)03242-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(1R,4aS,10aR)-7-Isopropyl-1,4a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid	10017708	Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3(CCCC(C3CC2)(C)C(=O)O)C	300.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(95)03242-8
8,13-Abietadien-18-oic acid	16040	Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(CC1)C3(CCCC(C3CC2)(C)C(=O)O)C	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(95)03242-8
Abietic acid	10569	Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=CCC3C(C2CC1)(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(95)03242-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
Isopimaric acid	442048	Click to see CC1(CCC2C(=CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C)C1)C=C	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(95)03242-8
Junicedric acid	38347252	Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)O)C)CC(=O)O	336.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYMED.2008.02.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(95)03242-8
Levopimaric acid	221062	Click to see CC(C)C1=CCC2C(=C1)CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(95)03242-8
Neoabietic acid	221118	Click to see CC(=C1CCC2C(=C1)CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C)C	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(95)03242-8
Palustric acid	443613	Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(CC1)C3(CCCC(C3CC2)(C)C(=O)O)C	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(95)03242-8
Pimaric acid	220338	Click to see CC1(CCC2C(=C1)CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C)C=C	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(95)03242-8
Sandaracopimaric acid	221580	Click to see CC1(CCC2C(=C1)CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C(=O)O)C)C=C	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(95)03242-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Myrcene	31253	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=C)C=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
p-CYMENE	7463	Click to see CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)C	134.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
3-Carene	26049	Click to see CC1=CCC2C(C1)C2(C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
alpha-Bergamotene, (E)-(-)-	6429302	Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)CCC=C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
alpha-PINENE	6654	Click to see CC1=CCC2CC1C2(C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
beta-Pinene	14896	Click to see CC1(C2CCC(=C)C1C2)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
Camphene	6616	Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C2)C1=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
Sabinen	18818	Click to see CC(C)C12CCC(=C)C1C2	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
alpha-Terpinene	7462	Click to see CC1=CC=C(CC1)C(C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
Beta-Phellandrene	11142	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(=C)C=C1	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
Limonene, (+/-)-	22311	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
Terpinolene	11463	Click to see CC1=CCC(=C(C)C)CC1	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
beta-CARYOPHYLLENE OXIDE	1742210	Click to see CC1(CC2C1CCC3(C(O3)CCC2=C)C)C	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
beta-Farnesene	5281517	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=C)C=C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
Caryophyllene	5281515	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
Caryophyllene epoxide	14350	Click to see CC1(CC2C1CCC3(C(O3)CCC2=C)C)C	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
Humulene	5281520	Click to see CC1=CCC(C=CCC(=CCC1)C)(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Labd-14-ene, 8,13-epoxy-, (13S)-	6432025	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC3(C2CCC(O3)(C)C=C)C)C)C	290.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85408-J

Biological Material Top

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Pinus merkusii

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top