Araucaria araucana, commonly known as the monkey puzzle tree, is an evergreen tree native to central and southern Chile and western Argentina. It is the hardiest species in the conifer genus Araucaria and is sometimes called a living fossil. It is also the national tree of Chile and is protected under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). It prefers temperate climates with abundant rainfall and can grow well in western and central Europe, the west coast of North America, New Zealand, southeastern Australia, and south east Ireland. It is tolerant of coastal salt spray, but does not tolerate exposure to pollution. It is dioecious, with the male and female cones on separate trees, and is wind pollinated. The piñones, or seeds, are edible, similar to large pine nuts, and are harvested by indigenous peoples in Argentina and Chile. It is a popular garden tree, planted for the unusual effect of its thick, "reptilian" branches with very symmetrical appearance. It is threatened by logging, forest fires, grazing, and human harvesting of piñones.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Abies araucana	Poir.	Encycl. , Suppl. 6: 524 (1817)
Araucaria chilensis	Mirb.	Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 13: 49 (1825)
Araucaria dombeyi	A.Rich.	Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. [Bory] 1: 512. 1822
Araucaria imbricata	Pav.	Mem. Real Acad. Méd. Madrid 1: 199 (1797)
Pinus araucana	Molina	Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili : 182 (1782)
Araucaria imbricata var. variegata	Gordon	Pinetum Suppl.: 24. 1862
Columbea imbricata var. variegata	(Gordon) Carrière	Traité Gén. Conif. ed. 2: 599 1868
Columbea imbricata var. densa	Carrière	Traité Gén. Conif. ed. 2: 599. 1868
Columbea imbricata var. denudata	Carrière	Traité Gén. Conif. ed. 2: 600. 1868
Columbea imbricata var. striata	Carrière	Traité Gén. Conif. ed. 2: 600. 1868
Columbea imbricata var. latifolia	Carrière	Traité Gén. Conif. ed. 2: 600. 1868
Columbea imbricata var. distans	Carrière	Traité Gén. Conif. ed. 2: 600. 1868
Araucaria araucana subsp. conguillioensis	Silba	J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. , rev. vers. 16(1): 54 (53) (2009)
Columbea imbricata	Carrière	Traité Gén. Conif. , ed. 2: 598 (1867)
Columbea quadrifaria	Salisb.	Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 317 (1807)
Araucaria araucana var. angustifolia	Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.	Handb. Conif. ed. 3: 193. 1948
Araucaria imbricata var. aurea	Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.	Handb. Conif. 158. 1923
Araucaria araucana var. aurea	(Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.) Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.	Handb. Conif. ed. 3: 193 1948
Araucaria araucana f. virgata	Schwer.	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 38: 407 1927
Araucaria imbricata var. platifolia	G.Nicholson	Ill. Dict. Gard. Suppl.: 80. 1901
Dombeya araucana	(Molina) Raeusch.	Nomencl. Bot. [Raeusch.] ed. 3, 291. 1797

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	monkey puzzle tree
English	monkey puzzle
English	monkey-puzzle
English	monkeypuzzle tree
English	pehuen
Spanish	columbea quadrifaria
Spanish	araucaria
Spanish	pehuén
Spanish	pino araucana
Spanish	pino chileno
Spanish	piñonero
Spanish	pinus araucana
Spanish	dombeya chilensis
Spanish	abies columbaria
Spanish	columbea imbricata var. variegata
Spanish	dombeya araucana
Spanish	josefa y natalia tortigulis
Spanish	nuez de pehuen
Spanish	pehuen
Spanish	columbea imbricata var. denudata
Spanish	columbea imbricata var. densa
Spanish	abies araucana
Spanish	araucaria chilensis
Spanish	araucaria dombeyi
Spanish	araucaria imbricata var. variegata
Spanish	columbea imbricata
Arabic	أروكاريا أروكانية
arn	pewen
Azerbaijani	araukarya araukana
Bulgarian	чилийска араукария
Czech	blahočet chilský
Czech	blahočet čilský
Welsh	cas gan fwnci
Welsh	cas-gan-fwnci
Welsh	pinwydden chile
Danish	abetræ
Danish	abernes skræk
German	affenschwanzbaum
German	chilenische araukarie
German	dombeya chilensis
German	andentanne
German	chilenische schmucktanne
German	pehuén
Greek	Χιλιανή αραουκάρια
Esperanto	Ĉilia araŭkario
Persian	معمای میمون (درخت)
Finnish	chilenaraukaria
Faroese	aputræ
French	désespoir du singe
French	araucaria du chili
French	désespoir des singes
French	pin du chili
French	pehuén
Irish	arócar
Galician	piñeiro de chile
Manx	arroghyr
Croatian	Čileanska araukarija
Upper Sorbian	chilska arawkarija
Upper Sorbian	chilski błahoč
Hungarian	pikkelyfenyő
Hungarian	chilei araukária
Icelandic	apahrellir
Italian	albero della scimmia
Japanese	チリマツ
Korean	칠레소나무
lb	afebam
Lithuanian	Čilinė araukarija
Latvian	Čīles araukārija
Malayalam	മങ്കി പസിൾ ട്രീ
Norwegian Bokmål	skjellgran
Dutch	slangenden
Dutch	apenboom
Dutch	slangeden
Polish	araukaria chilijska
Polish	igława chilijska
Punjab	اراکیریا اراکانا
Portuguese	araucária-do-chile
Quechua	piwin
Russian	Араукария чилийская
Serbo-Croatian	Čileanska araukarija
Slovak	araukária andská
Slovak	blahočet čilský
Slovak	blahočet čílsky
Serbian	Чилеанска араукарија
Serbian	pehuén
Serbian	Араукарија араукана
Swedish	pehuen
Swedish	brödgran
Turkish	pehuen
Turkish	maymun çıkmazı ağacı
Turkish	maymun çıkmazı
Turkish	maymun bulmacası ağacı
Turkish	maymun bulmacası
Turkish	Şili arokaryası
Turkish	Şili arokanyası
udm	Чилиысь араукария
Ukrainian	Араукарія чилійська
Vietnamese	pinus araucana
Chinese	智利南洋杉

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Europe click to expand
- Northern Europe
  - Great Britain

Southern America click to expand
- Southern South America
  - Argentina South
  - Chile Central
  - Chile South

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000260165
USDA Plants	ARAR23
Tropicos	2300010
INPN	83465
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:261681-1
The Plant List	kew-14339
Missouri Botanical Garden	276630
PaleoBotany	39828
Open Tree Of Life	963047
Observations.org	114687
NCBI Taxonomy	42754
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0000456023
IUCN Red List	31355
IPNI	261681-1
iNaturalist	126404
GBIF	2684984
Freebase	/m/014jmt
EPPO	ARUAR
EOL	1034857
Elurikkus	210167
US Library of Congress	sh2008001881
USDA GRIN	3834
Wikipedia	Araucaria_araucana

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

12-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10784871
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8495
PMID:	38222930

Juvenile Plant–Microbe Interactions Modulate the Adaptation and Response of Forest Seedlings to Rapid Climate Change

Sanhueza T, Hernández I, Sagredo-Sáez C, Villanueva-Guerrero A, Alvarado R, Mujica MI, Fuentes-Quiroz A, Menendez E, Jorquera-Fontena E, Valadares RB, Herrera H

Plants (Basel)

09-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10819047
doi:	10.3390/plants13020175
PMID:	38256729

Identification and Biological Characteristics of Mortierella alpina Associated with Chinese Flowering Cherry (Cerasus serrulata) Leaf Blight in China

Shao D, Xu Y, Zhang C, Lai Z, Song L, Su J, Yang R, Jing X, Felix A, Abubakar YS, Lu G, Ye W

J Fungi (Basel)

05-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10817311
doi:	10.3390/jof10010050
PMID:	38248959

New Resinogalea species from Araucaria araucana resin in Chile and reclassification of the genus in the Cryptocaliciomycetidae

Balocchi F, Barnes I, Wingfield MJ, Ahumada R, Visagie CM

IMA Fungus

18-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10439659
doi:	10.1186/s43008-023-00122-9
PMID:	37596646

Commodity risk assessment of Fagus sylvatica plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

28-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10375364
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8118
PMID:	37522095

Neuroprotective Properties of Eudesmin on a Cellular Model of Amyloid-β Peptide Toxicity

Castillo C, Bravo-Arrepol G, Wendt A, Saez-Orellana F, Millar C, Burgos CF, Gavilán J, Pacheco C, Ahumada-Rudolph R, Napiórkowska M, Pérez C, Becerra J, Fuentealba J, Cabrera-Pardo JR

J Alzheimers Dis

25-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10473145
doi:	10.3233/JAD-220935
PMID:	36463456

Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

06-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10323733
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8071
PMID:	37427018

Commodity risk assessment of Acer palmatum plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

06-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10323724
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8075
PMID:	37427020

Commodity risk assessment of Acer pseudoplatanus plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

06-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10323731
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8074
PMID:	37427019

Commodity risk assessment of Acer platanoides plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

06-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10323725
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8073
PMID:	37427021

Macrolichen Communities Depend on Phorophyte in Conguillío National Park, Chile

Villagra J, Sancho LG, Alors D

Plants (Basel)

26-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10347028
doi:	10.3390/plants12132452
PMID:	37447012

White-rot fungi scavenge reactive oxygen species, which drives pH-dependent exo-enzymatic mechanisms and promotes CO2 efflux

Jofré-Fernández I, Matus-Baeza F, Merino-Guzmán C

Front Microbiol

08-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10285405
doi:	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1148750
PMID:	37362943

Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Endophytic Fungi to Drought Tolerance in Araucaria araucana Seedlings

Chávez D, Rivas G, Machuca Á, Santos C, Deramond C, Aroca R, Cornejo P

Plants (Basel)

26-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10255106
doi:	10.3390/plants12112116
PMID:	37299094

A novel aminotransferase gene and its regulator acquired in Saccharomyces by a horizontal gene transfer event

Tapia SM, Macías LG, Pérez-Torrado R, Daroqui N, Manzanares P, Querol A, Barrio E

BMC Biol

08-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10169451
doi:	10.1186/s12915-023-01566-6
PMID:	37158891

A review on Q ST – F ST comparisons of seed plants: Insights for conservation

Chung MY, Merilä J, Kim Y, Mao K, López‐Pujol J, Chung MG

Ecol Evol

28-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10049885
doi:	10.1002/ece3.9926
PMID:	37006890

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Carbocyclic fatty acids
(3R)-5-[(1R,4aS,6S,8aR)-6-acetyloxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-methylidene-1,3,4,4a,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpentanoic acid	163092472	Click to see CC(CCC1C2CCC(C(C2CCC1=C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)CC(=O)O	350.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00623248
(3R)-5-[(1R,4aS,6S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-methylidene-1,3,4,4a,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpentanoic acid	162880807	Click to see CC(CCC1C2CCC(C(C2CCC1=C)(C)C)O)CC(=O)O	308.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00623248
5-(6-Acetyloxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-methylidene-1,3,4,4a,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-3-methylpentanoic acid	163092471	Click to see CC(CCC1C2CCC(C(C2CCC1=C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)CC(=O)O	350.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00623248
5-(6-Hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-methylidene-1,3,4,4a,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-3-methylpentanoic acid	162880806	Click to see CC(CCC1C2CCC(C(C2CCC1=C)(C)C)O)CC(=O)O	308.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00623248
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(1S,4aR,5S,8aR)-5-[(3R)-5-acetyloxy-3-methylpentyl]-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid	13945201	Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)O)C)CCOC(=O)C	364.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50053A029
(1S,4aR,5S,8aS)-5-[(3R)-5-hydroxy-3-methylpentyl]-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carbaldehyde	162987812	Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C=O)C)CCO	306.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50053A029 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)90279-X
(4aS,8R,8aS)-4,4,8a-trimethyl-7-methylidene-8-(3-methylidenepent-4-enyl)-2,3,4a,5,6,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene	90659283	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC(=C)C2CCC(=C)C=C)C)C	272.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(200003/04)11:2<99::AID-PCA494>3.0.CO;2-9
[(3R)-5-[(1S,4aR,5S,8aR)-5-formyl-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpentyl] acetate	13945198	Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C=O)C)CCOC(=O)C	348.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50053A029
Beyerene	107412	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C=C4)C)C)C	272.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(200003/04)11:2<99::AID-PCA494>3.0.CO;2-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(75)80175-X
CID 15559751	15559751	Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)O)C)CCO	322.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91124-5
Hibaene	520750	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)(C=C4)C)C)C	272.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(75)80175-X
methyl (1S,4aR,5S)-5-[(3R)-5-hydroxy-3-methylpentyl]-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylate	102364050	Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)OC)C)CCO	336.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50053A029
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
(1S,4R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14S)-5,5,9,13-tetramethylpentacyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9.012,14]hexadecane	101285934	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CC5C(C3)C5(C4)C)C)C	272.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(75)80175-X
Trachylobane	521405	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC34C2CC5C(C3)C5(C4)C)C)C	272.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(200003/04)11:2<99::AID-PCA494>3.0.CO;2-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(75)80175-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(+)-gamma-Cadinene	6432404	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CC1)C(=C)CCC2C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(75)80175-X
Cadina-1(10),4-diene	10223	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(=C2CC1)C)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(200003/04)11:2<99::AID-PCA494>3.0.CO;2-9
Caryophyllene	5281515	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(200003/04)11:2<99::AID-PCA494>3.0.CO;2-9
Copaene	19725	Click to see CC1=CCC2C3C1C2(CCC3C(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(200003/04)11:2<99::AID-PCA494>3.0.CO;2-9
gamma-Cadinene	15094	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CC1)C(=C)CCC2C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(75)80175-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Labd-14-ene, 8,13-epoxy-, (13S)-	6432025	Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC3(C2CCC(O3)(C)C=C)C)C)C	290.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(200003/04)11:2<99::AID-PCA494>3.0.CO;2-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids
5,7-Dihydroxy-8-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-4-oxochromen-6-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	13888657	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)C4=C(C=C(C5=C4OC(=CC5=O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O	552.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50050A061
Kayaflavone	9894522	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)OC)C4=C(C=CC(=C4)C5=CC(=O)C6=C(C=C(C=C6O5)O)O)OC	580.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50050A061
Sequoiaflavone	5484010	Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)C4=C(C=C(C5=C4OC(=CC5=O)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O	552.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50050A061

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Araucaria araucana

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