Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ffa4966168556488496
Scientific name Walsura pinnata
Authority Hassk.
First published in Retzia 1: 147 (1855)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Sawn timber, veneer sheets, and solid‑wood components derived from the heartwood.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Furniture and cabinetry: the wood’s fine grain and moderate hardness make it suitable for high‑quality residential and commercial furniture.
- Interior joinery: panels, moldings, and decorative trim are produced from the sawn boards.
- Veneer: thin slices of the light‑brown heartwood are used for surface veneers in cabinetry and interior finishes.
- Carving and turning: the material can be readily machined and carved for ornamental items and tool handles.
- Engineered wood: the timber can be used as a component in plywood and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) where consistent density and low shrinkage are valued.

Wood and fiber:
The species yields a heartwood of moderate density (≈0.55 g cm⁻³) with a uniform grain; fibers are suitable for solid‑wood products and for engineered composites where dimensional stability is required.

Properties relevant to use:
- Density: 0.5–0.6 g cm⁻³, facilitating easy handling and machining.
- Shrinkage: low tangential shrinkage (≈5 %) reduces warping after drying.
- Grain: fine, interlocked grain that gives a smooth finish.
- Colour: light brown to pinkish heartwood that accepts stains and finishes well.
- Durability: moderate natural resistance to insect attack and decay, enabling use in interior applications with appropriate finishing.

Standards and regulation:
In its main range (Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines) the timber is classified as a commercial hardwood under national timber grading rules (e.g., Malaysian Timber Grading Rules, Indonesian Timber Standard) and can be traded under the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) codes for tropical hardwoods.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Walsura pinnata is harvested from natural and plantation forests in Southeast Asia. Management practices include selective logging and the establishment of forest‑management plans that aim to maintain species regeneration. The species is not listed in CITES Appendices and is considered of least concern in regional assessments; however, continued monitoring of harvest levels is recommended to ensure long‑term sustainability.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Napeodendron altissimum Ridl. J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 82: 179 (1920)
Walsura elata Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 355B (1897)
Walsura aherniana Perkins Fragm. Pl. Filip. : 34 (1851)
Walsura glauca C.E.C.Fisch. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 82 (1927)
Walsura hypoleuca Kurz J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 41: 296 (1872)
Walsura angulata Craib Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 344 (1926)
Walsura neurodes Hiern Fl. Brit. India 1: 564 (1875)
Walsura villamilii Merr. Philipp. J. Sci., C 9: 308 (1914)
Heynea cochinchinensis Baill. Adansonia 11: 265 (1875)
Walsura yunnanensis C.Y.Wu Fl. Yunnanica 1: 226 (1977)
Walsura cochinchinensis Harms Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(4): 302 (1896)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Chinese 越南割舌树
Chinese 越南割舌樹

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Hainan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Jawa
      • Malaya
      • Maluku
      • Philippines
    • Papuasia
      • New Guinea

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000418031
Tropicos 50322371
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:579940-1
The Plant List kew-2450804
NCBI Taxonomy 2990917
IPNI 579940-1
iNaturalist 867587
GBIF 3851390
Freebase /m/0100nftg
Wikipedia Walsura_pinnata
CMAUP NPO14561

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Reflectance spectroscopy as a promising tool for ‘sensing’ metals in hyperaccumulator plants Purwadi I, Erskine PD, van der Ent A Planta 09-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10329965
doi:10.1007/s00425-023-04167-3
PMID:37422848
A trait‐based plant economic framework can help increase the value of reforestation for conservation Axelsson EP, Abin JV, T Lardizabal ML, Ilstedt U, Grady KC Ecol Evol 29-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9055291
doi:10.1002/ece3.8855
PMID:35509611
Phytomedicines Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Therapeutic Opportunities and Prospects for Pharmaceutical Development Gupta PK, Saraff M, Gahtori R, Negi N, Tripathi SK, Kumar J, Kumar S, Aldhayan SH, Dhanasekaran S, Abomughaid MM, Dua K, Gundamaraju R, Ojha S, Ruokolainen J, Jha NK, Kesari KK Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 15-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8308767
doi:10.3390/ph14070676
PMID:34358102
Global climate and nutrient controls of photosynthetic capacity Peng Y, Bloomfield KJ, Cernusak LA, Domingues TF, Colin Prentice I Commun Biol 12-Apr-2021
PMCID:PMC8042000
doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01985-7
PMID:33846550
Natural Compounds in Sex Hormone-Dependent Cancers: The Role of Triterpenes as Therapeutic Agents Şoica C, Voicu M, Ghiulai R, Dehelean C, Racoviceanu R, Trandafirescu C, Roșca OJ, Nistor G, Mioc M, Mioc A Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 21-Jan-2021
PMCID:PMC7859451
doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.612396
PMID:33552000
Cytotoxic Effects of Pinnatane A Extracted from Walsura pinnata (Meliaceae) on Human Liver Cancer Cells Zakaria N, Mahdzir MA, Yusoff M, Mohd Arshad N, Awang K, Nagoor NH Molecules 23-Oct-2018
PMCID:PMC6278294
doi:10.3390/molecules23112733
PMID:30360475
Ultramafic geoecology of South and Southeast Asia Galey ML, van der Ent A, Iqbal MC, Rajakaruna N Bot Stud 03-Apr-2017
PMCID:PMC5432931
doi:10.1186/s40529-017-0167-9
PMID:28510201
Tree traits and canopy closure data from an experiment with 34 planted species native to Sabah, Borneo Gustafsson M, Gustafsson L, Alloysius D, Falck J, Yap S, Karlsson A, Ilstedt U Data Brief 06-Jan-2016
PMCID:PMC4716456
doi:10.1016/j.dib.2015.12.048
PMID:26900591
Pinnatane A from the bark of Walsura pinnata Hassk Mohamad K, Yusoff M, Awang K, Ahmad K, Ng SW Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 20-May-2009
PMCID:PMC2969541
doi:10.1107/S1600536809015955
PMID:21583174
3-Oxoolean-1-en-28-oic acid–n-hexa­ne–water (4/1/1) from the bark of Walsura pinnata Hassk Awang K, Yusoff M, Mohamad K, Chong SL, Ng SW Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 30-Apr-2009
PMCID:PMC2977831
doi:10.1107/S1600536809015086
PMID:21583968
Walsucochins A and B with an unprecedented skeleton isolated from Walsura cochinchinensis. Zhou ZW, Yin S, Zhang HY, Fu Y, Yang SP, Wang XN, Wu Y, Tang XC, Yue JM Org Lett 07-Feb-2008
doi:10.1021/OL702831E
PMID:18163640
Tetranortriterpenoids from Khaya senegalensis T.R. Govindachari, G.N.Krishna Kumari Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00708-5
Tetranortriterpenoids from Walsura yunnanensis. Luo XD, Wu SH, Ma YB, Wu DG J Nat Prod 01-Jul-2000
doi:10.1021/NP990607X
PMID:10924171

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Fluorenes
9-ethynyl-3-hydroxy-8-methoxy-4,4,6a,10,11b-pentamethyl-2,3,4a,5,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-benzo[a]fluoren-6-one 162973129 Click to see 380.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/OL702831E
9-ethynyl-6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-4,4,6a,10,11b-pentamethyl-5,6,11,11a-tetrahydro-4aH-benzo[a]fluoren-3-one 163006516 Click to see CC1=C2CC3C4(C=CC(=O)C(C4CC(C3(C2=CC(=C1C#C)OC)C)O)(C)C)C 378.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/OL702831E
Walsucochin A 24777199 Click to see 378.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/OL702831E
Walsucochin B 24777198 Click to see CC1=C2CC3C4(CCC(C(C4CC(=O)C3(C2=CC(=C1C#C)OC)C)(C)C)O)C 380.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/OL702831E
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-beta-Pinene 440967 Click to see 136.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Vitamin E compounds / Tocopherols
Vitamin E 14985 Click to see 430.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
2-[(E)-6-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)-4-methylhex-3-enyl]-2,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol 5315283 Click to see CC1=CC(=CC2=C1OC(CC2)(C)CCC=C(C)CCC3C(=C)CCC(C3(C)C)O)O 412.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids / Limonoids
(1R,2R,4R,6S,7S,10R,11S)-6-(furan-3-yl)-17-hydroxy-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadeca-12,16-diene-14,18-dione 154496326 Click to see 422.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
(1R,2R,4R,6S,7S,9S,10R,11R)-6-(furan-3-yl)-9,17-dihydroxy-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadec-16-ene-14,18-dione 21606573 Click to see 440.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
(1R,2R,4R,6S,7S,9S,10R,11S)-6-(furan-3-yl)-9,17-dihydroxy-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadeca-12,16-diene-14,18-dione 163038994 Click to see CC1(C(=O)C=CC2(C1=C(C(=O)C3(C2C(CC4(C35C(O5)CC4C6=COC=C6)C)O)C)O)C)C 438.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
(1R,2R,4R,6S,7S,9S,10R)-6-(furan-3-yl)-9,17-dihydroxy-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadeca-12,16-diene-14,18-dione 163193282 Click to see CC1(C(=O)C=CC2(C1=C(C(=O)C3(C2C(CC4(C35C(O5)CC4C6=COC=C6)C)O)C)O)C)C 438.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
(1R,2R,4R,7S,10S,11R)-6-(furan-3-yl)-17-hydroxy-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadeca-12,16-diene-14,18-dione 137705248 Click to see CC1(C(=O)C=CC2(C1=C(C(=O)C3(C2CCC4(C35C(O5)CC4C6=COC=C6)C)C)O)C)C 422.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00708-5
(2R,4R,6S,7S,10R,11S)-6-(furan-3-yl)-17-hydroxy-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadeca-12,16-diene-14,18-dione 163187272 Click to see CC1(C(=O)C=CC2(C1=C(C(=O)C3(C2CCC4(C35C(O5)CC4C6=COC=C6)C)C)O)C)C 422.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
(5R,7S,8R,9R,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-(furan-3-yl)-7-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,13-pentamethyl-5,7,9,11,12,14,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,15-trione 102007202 Click to see 424.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00708-5
(5S,7S,8R,9R,10R,13S,14R,17R)-17-(furan-3-yl)-7-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,13-pentamethyl-5,7,9,11,12,14,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,15-trione 162875385 Click to see 424.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
[(1R,2R,4R,6S,7S,9S,10R,11R)-6-(furan-3-yl)-17-hydroxy-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-14,18-dioxo-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadec-16-en-9-yl] acetate 21606574 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2(C(CC3C2(O3)C4(C1C5(CCC(=O)C(C5=C(C4=O)O)(C)C)C)C)C6=COC=C6)C 482.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones
(1R,2R,4R,6R,7S,10R,11S)-17-hydroxy-6-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl]-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadeca-12,16-diene-14,18-dione 162873117 Click to see 454.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
(1R,2R,4R,6R,7S,10R,11S)-17-hydroxy-6-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl]-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadeca-12,16-diene-14,18-dione 162997708 Click to see CC1(C(=O)C=CC2(C1=C(C(=O)C3(C2CCC4(C35C(O5)CC4C6=CC(OC6=O)O)C)C)O)C)C 454.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
(1R,2R,4R,6S,7S,10R,11S)-17-hydroxy-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-6-[(1S,4R,5R)-3-oxo-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-4-yl]-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadeca-12,16-diene-14,18-dione 162852581 Click to see 454.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
(2R,4R,6R,7S,10R,11S)-17-hydroxy-6-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl]-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadeca-12,16-diene-14,18-dione 163185316 Click to see CC1(C(=O)C=CC2(C1=C(C(=O)C3(C2CCC4(C35C(O5)CC4C6=CC(=O)OC6O)C)C)O)C)C 454.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
(2R,4R,6S,7S,10R,11S)-17-hydroxy-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-6-[(1S,4R,5R)-3-oxo-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-4-yl]-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadeca-12,16-diene-14,18-dione 163189014 Click to see CC1(C(=O)C=CC2(C1=C(C(=O)C3(C2CCC4(C35C(O5)CC4C6C7C(O7)OC6=O)C)C)O)C)C 454.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
(4R,6R,7S,10R,11S)-17-hydroxy-6-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl]-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadeca-12,16-diene-14,18-dione 163190575 Click to see 454.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
[(1R,2R,4R,6R,7S,9S,10R,11R)-17-hydroxy-6-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl]-1,7,11,15,15-pentamethyl-14,18-dioxo-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.02,4.02,7.011,16]octadec-16-en-9-yl] acetate 163103720 Click to see 514.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990607X
Isowalsuranolide 10503896 Click to see 454.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00708-5
Walsuranolide 10695018 Click to see 454.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00708-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 52940117 Click to see 576.80 unknown via CMAUP database
sitoindoside IV 127197 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1C(C(C(C(C1OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3CCC4(C5CCC6(C(C5CC=C4C3)CCC6C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 977.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
Pinocembrin 68071 Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3 256.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
(-)-Pinostrobin 73201 Click to see 270.28 unknown via CMAUP database
(2R,3R)-Alpinone 46883390 Click to see 286.28 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones
2',6'-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone 5316793 Click to see 270.28 unknown via CMAUP database

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