Rhamnus fallax
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fff55acc6d303474641 |
| Scientific name | Rhamnus fallax |
| Authority | Boiss. |
| First published in | Diagn. Pl. Orient. , ser. 2, 5: 73 (1856) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
The primary documented non-medicinal use of *Rhamnus fallax* is as a source of natural yellow and orange dyes. Historically, the unripe fruits have been collected for this purpose. The dye compounds are anthraquinone derivatives, notably emodin and frangulin. These water-soluble dyes are used directly or can be processed into pigments for textiles, particularly on protein fibers like wool and silk. The dye intensity is influenced by mordanting, which allows for different color fastness and shade variations. Fruit harvesting for dye production is a localized activity.
Industrial and craft applications:
While primarily a dye source, there are no specific documented industrial or craft applications beyond dye usage for this species.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No established culinary or beverage uses are documented.
Colorants and tanning:
The bark of *Rhamnus fallax* contains significant levels of condensed tannins. This tannin-rich bark has historically been used locally for tanning leather. The tannins act as binding agents, converting animal hide into leather by cross-linking collagen fibers. The intensity and suitability for specific leather types depend on the concentration and type of tannins present. This tanning application is a minor, traditional craft rather than a large-scale industrial practice. The fruit dyes are also applicable to leather coloration.
Wood and fiber:
No significant timber or fiber applications are documented.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented uses in fragrance or cosmetics.
Properties relevant to use:
The key properties enabling the uses are: (1) The presence of anthraquinone pigments in the fruits, yielding yellow to orange shades on fibers; (2) The presence of high levels of condensed tannins in the bark, suitable for leather tanning through protein precipitation and cross-linking.
Standards and regulation:
No specific standards or regulatory frameworks are documented for this species or its derived products.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Sourcing involves wild harvesting of fruits and bark. Sustainability concerns relate to overharvesting individual plants. Sustainable practices include limiting collection frequency, using selective harvesting, and replanting or allowing natural regeneration. The small, localized scale of traditional use minimizes large-scale environmental impact.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Oreoherzogia fallax | (Boiss.) W.Vent | Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 65: 52 (1962) |
| Rhamnus crini | Orph. ex Boiss. | Fl. Orient. 2: 20 (1872) |
| Atadinus fallax | (Boiss.) Hauenschild | Taxon 65: 926 (2016) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Western Asia
- Lebanon-Syria
- Turkey
-
Western Asia
-
Europe click to expand
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Yugoslavia
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Middle Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000460195 |
| Tropicos | 100356806 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:718330-1 |
| IPNI | 718330-1 |
| iNaturalist | 955095 |
| GBIF | 3875346 |
| USDA GRIN | 311613 |
| CMAUP | NPO10163 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,4S,5R,9S,10S,13R,15S)-5,9-dimethyl-15-(3-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid | 101618866 | Click to see | 400.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,4S,5R,9S,10S,13R,15S)-5,9-dimethyl-15-(3-methylbutanoyloxy)-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid | 101618868 | Click to see | 402.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1R,4S,5R,9S,10S,13R,15S)-5,9-dimethyl-15-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylic acid | 13969122 | Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(=C)C2CCC3C1(C2)CCC4C3(CCCC4(C)C(=O)O)C | 400.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4R)-15alpha-(Tigloyloxy)-kaura-16-ene-19-oic acid | 101618867 | Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)OC1C(=C)C2CCC3C1(C2)CCC4C3(CCCC4(C)C(=O)O)C | 400.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1S,4S,5R,9S,10R,13R,14R)-14-hydroxy-5,9,14-trimethyl-5-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl]methyl acetate | 102239831 | Click to see | 348.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ent-Kaurenal | 443466 | Click to see | 286.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Grandifloric acid | 159930 | Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(=C)C4O)(C)C(=O)O | 318.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Kaurenoic Acid | 73062 | Click to see | 302.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Kaurenol | 443465 | Click to see | 288.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl ent-16beta,17-dihydroxy-9(11)-kauren-19-oate | 46233508 | Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2=CCC(C3)C(C4)(CO)O)(C)C(=O)OC | 348.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| Vicodiol | 182938 | Click to see | 170.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| (+)-alpha-Terpineol | 442501 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (-)-Cyperene | 12308843 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1E,6Z)-gamma-humulene | 24798696 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Bicyclogermacrane and isolepidozane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (1S,2E,10R)-3,7,11,11-tetramethylbicyclo[8.1.0]undeca-2,6-diene | 44583886 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| Beta-Eudesmol | 91457 | Click to see | 222.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Beta-Selinene | 442393 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| Germacrene D | 5317570 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxanes | |||||
| [(2S,3R)-2-[(E)-non-1-en-3,5,7-triynyl]oxan-3-yl] acetate | 11242289 | Click to see CC#CC#CC#CC=CC1C(CCCO1)OC(=O)C | 256.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ichthyothereol acetate | 73759958 | Click to see CC#CC#CC#CC=CC1CCCOC1OC(=O)C | 256.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols | |||||
| Taxifolin | 439533 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O)O | 304.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Kaempferol | 5280863 | Click to see | 286.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Quercetin | 5280343 | Click to see | 302.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | 5320668 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 434.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hyperoside | 5281643 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 464.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isoquercetin | 5280804 | Click to see | 464.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| 3-Methoxyluteolin | 5280681 | Click to see COC1=C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O | 316.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |