PlantaeDB Logo
Login Sign-up

Rhamnus cathartica

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fff567cc05626954987
Scientific name Rhamnus cathartica
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 193 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

Suggest a correction!
Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Traditional preparations of buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) have been recorded across Europe for gastrointestinal complaints. In the British Isles a bark decoction is taken as a mild laxative (British Herbal Medicine Association, 1982). Central‑European practitioners use a leaf infusion for “bitter tea” that eases stomach discomfort and occasional constipation (Wichtl, 1994). In the Romanian‑Bulgarian border region a bark maceration in wine is employed as a tonic to stimulate digestion and as a seasonal tonic for colic (Doda, 2005). All of these preparations rely on either the outer bark or the young leaves, taken as teas, decoctions or macerated liquids.

For a safe, everyday remedy a simple bark tea can be prepared. Use about 2 g of dried, chopped outer bark and pour 250 ml of just‑boiled water over it; bring the mixture to a gentle simmer for 10 minutes, then let it stand for an additional 5 minutes before straining. One cup is taken once or twice daily, preferably after a main meal. The dose should not exceed two cups per day, and the tea is not recommended for pregnant women, children under five, or anyone with a known intestinal obstruction; prolonged daily use may lead to dependence on cathartic effects.

The laxative activity of the bark is linked to its well‑documented anthraquinone glycosides—emodin, chrysophanol, and rhein—along with condensed tannins and flavonol derivatives that have been isolated from R. cathartica (Duke, 1985). These compounds stimulate peristalsis by irritating the intestinal mucosa, which explains the traditional use as a mild cathartic.

Today, buckthorn extracts appear in a few commercial herbal teas and tinctures marketed for occasional constipation, while scientific studies continue to evaluate the anthraquinone profile for potential anti‑inflammatory and antimicrobial properties (Van Wyk & Wink, 2004). Rural healers in parts of the Balkans still collect wild bark for home‑made preparations, keeping the traditional practice alive alongside modern research.

General Uses Top

Suggest a correction!

Common products:
- Bark extract used as a source of natural brown dye for textiles and as a tannin‑rich material for leather tanning.
- Wood, a dense, hard material suitable for small craft items, tool handles and firewood.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Leather tanning: the bark’s tannins are employed in vegetable‑tanning processes, producing leather with good durability and resistance to decay.
- Dyeing of fibers: bark yields a brown‑to‑orange colourant used on wool, silk and other protein fibres; the pigment is relatively light‑fast.
- Small wooden items: the fine‑grained heartwood is turned on a lathe to make spoons, handles, decorative objects and other craft pieces; it is also used locally as fuel.

Colorants and tanning:
- Bark contains approximately 15–20 % dry‑weight tannins (hydrolyzable and condensed types) that bind collagen in leather, preventing putrefaction.
- Anthraquinone compounds such as emodin and physcion impart the characteristic brown‑orange hue and contribute to colour stability on textile fibres.

Wood and fiber:
- The heartwood is dark brown, dense (≈0.85 g cm⁻³) and fine‑grained, making it suitable for turnery and carving.
- Bark fibers are fibrous but not commercially processed; any minor cordage use is anecdotal.

Properties relevant to use:
- Tannin composition: high levels of gallic‑acid derivatives provide strong astringency, facilitating leather curing.
- Anthraquinone content: the presence of emodin‑type compounds yields the natural dye colour and improves light‑fastness.
- Wood density and dimensional stability: high density supports structural integrity in small items, while low shrinkage reduces warping.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Rhamnus cathartica is listed as an invasive species in several regions (e.g., North America), leading to control measures that may restrict wild collection or require permits.
- Sustainable harvesting involves selective bark stripping, leaving sufficient cambial tissue for plant survival; over‑harvesting is discouraged.
- In its native European range, collection is subject to local regulations on non‑timber forest products.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Rhamnus wichellii hort. ex K.Koch Dendrologie 1: 604 (1869)
Rhamnus wicklia hort. ex K.Koch Dendrologie 1: 604 (1869)
Rhamnus willdenowiana Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 5: 295 (1819)
Rhamnus xanthocarpa hort. ex K.Koch Dendrologie 1: 605 (1869)
Rhamnus wihhor Luce Index Seminum (TU, Dorpatensis) 1824: 6 (1824)
Rhamnus sylvatica J.Serres Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 436 (1857)
Rhamnus elbursensis Gauba & Rech.f. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 51: 399 (1941)
Rhamnus hydriensis Hacq. Pl. Alp. Carniol. : t. 2 (1782)
Rhamnus cadevalli Pau Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 2: 85 (1902)
Cervispina cathartica Moench Methodus : 686 (1794)

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Language Common/alternative name
English common buckthorn
English purging buckthorn
English buckthorn
English european buckthorn
Spanish ramno catártico
Spanish cervispina cathartica
Spanish rhamnus hydriensis
Spanish ramno catartico
Spanish espino hediondo
Spanish espina de ciervo
Spanish espina cervina
Spanish cervispino
Spanish cervispina
Spanish aladierna purgante
Spanish cerval
Spanish espino cerval
Arabic سدر مسهل
Arabic نبق مسهل
Arabic عوسج
Arabic شجرة الدكن
Arabic سويد
Arabic عوسج فارس
Arabic الكاسكارا
Arabic زفرين الجرد
Azerbaijani İşlədici murdarça
Azerbaijani İshal murdarçası
Belarusian Жасцёр слабіцельны
Bulgarian слабителна зърника
Catalan nerprun purgatif
Catalan espina vera
Czech řešetlák počistivý
cv Хура катăркас
Welsh rhafnwydden rhafnwydd
Danish korsved
Danish vrietorn
German kreuzbeerstrauch
German purgierstrauch
German purgierdorn
German nerprun purgatif
German echter wegedorn
German echter kreuzdorn
German purgier-kreuzdorn
German gemeiner kreuzdorn
Estonian türnpuu
Estonian harilik türnpuu
Basque hesilahar
Persian رامنس کاتارتیکا
Persian اشنگور
Finnish orapaatsama
French nerprun officinal
French nerprun cathartique
French nerprun purgatif
Manx bugogue
Croatian pasjakovina
Upper Sorbian prawy hokowc
Hungarian varjútövis
Armenian դժնիկ լուծողական
Armenian Դժնիկ լուծողական
Italian spino cervino
kbd Бгырыпхиӏэ
ku gijok
lb dräidar
Lithuanian nerprun purgatif
Lithuanian dygioji šunobelė
Latvian parastais pabērzs
Macedonian Горчлив дрен
myv Бизнега чувто
myv лавшомтыця верьгизэнь сельме
myv бизнэга чувто
Norwegian Bokmål geitved
Dutch wegendoorn
Dutch wegedoorn
os Саусындз
Polish szakłak pospolity
Russian Крушина слабительная
Russian Жёстер
Russian Жостёр
Russian Жостер слабительный
Samogitian Šonuobelė
Samogitian neveidielis
Slovak rešetliak prečisťujúci
Slovenian čistilna kozja češnja
Slovenian čistilna krhlika
Slovenian Čistilna kozja češnja
Slovenian Čistilna krhlika
Serbian Паздрен
Swedish getapel
Swedish nerprun purgatif
Swedish vägtorn
tg Ангурак
Turkish adi cehri
Ukrainian Жостір проносний
Chinese 药鼠李实
Chinese 药鼠李

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • Xinjiang
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
      • Tadzhikistan
      • Uzbekistan
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • West Siberia
    • Western Asia
      • Iran
      • Turkey
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • Krym
      • North European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Netherlands
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Nova Scotia
      • Ontario
      • Prince Edward Island
      • Québec
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • Nebraska
      • North Dakota
      • South Dakota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Indiana
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Hampshire
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Delaware
      • Kentucky
      • Maryland
      • North Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • Utah
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000460239
UNII G2Q3Q9946T
Cornell Woody Plants 211
Canadensys 8597
USDA Plants RHCA3
UConn 391
Tropicos 27500016
INPN 117530
Flora of Italy 3069
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:718256-1
The Plant List kew-2523018
Plantarium 31639
Missouri Botanical Garden 286311
PFAF Rhamnus cathartica
Open Tree Of Life 904368
Observations.org 7308
NCBI Taxonomy 3610
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000003198
Nature Serve 2.145273
IUCN Red List 61957125
IPNI 718256-1
iNaturalist 54811
GBIF 3039491
Freebase /m/02z59jq
WisFlora 4787
EPPO RHACT
EOL 582356
Elurikkus 6783
Calflora (Californian flora) 9211
US Library of Congress sh2007020041
USDA GRIN 31018
Wikipedia Rhamnus_cathartica
CMAUP NPO25962

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Diet of moulting Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) and Tennessee Warblers (Leiothlypis peregrina) at a stopover site during fall migration measured with fecal DNA metabarcoding Blanc-Benigeri A, Poirier V, Narango D, Elliott KH, Frei B Sci Rep 30-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11061280
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59462-0
PMID:38688969
Commodity risk assessment of Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ligustrum vulgare plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 07-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10918603
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8648
PMID:38455154
Neuroprotective, Anti-Inflammatory and Antifibrillogenic Offerings by Emodin against Alzheimer’s Dementia: A Systematic Review Saha P, Ahmad F ACS Omega 07-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10882671
doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c07178
PMID:38405501
The Orophilous Shrubby Vegetation of the Juniperetalia hemisphaericae Order in Sicily: A Refuge Habitat for Many Endemic Vascular Species Sciandrello S, Giusso del Galdo G Plants (Basel) 31-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10857485
doi:10.3390/plants13030423
PMID:38337957
Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 12-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10784871
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8495
PMID:38222930
Phytochemical analysis, radical scavenging and glioblastoma U87 cells toxicity studies of stem bark of buckthorn (Rhamnus pentapomica R. Parker) Rehman YU, Iqbal A, Ali G, Alotaibi G, Ahmed A, Ayaz M BMC Complement Med Ther 02-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10759440
doi:10.1186/s12906-023-04309-w
PMID:38167318
The complete chloroplast genome of Ziziphus mairei Dode 1908 (Rhamnaceae), an endangered perennial plant in Yunnan, China Wang S, Liu Y, Li R, Wang S, Huang Y Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 24-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10763858
doi:10.1080/23802359.2023.2290844
PMID:38173918
Multiple invasive species affect germination, growth, and photosynthesis of native weeds and crops in experiments Lenda M, Steudel B, Skórka P, Zagrodzka ZB, Moroń D, Bączek-Kwinta R, Janowiak F, Baran A, Possingham HP, Knops JM Sci Rep 13-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10719303
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-48421-w
PMID:38092817
Temporal variation of allergenic potential in urban parks during the vegetation period: a case study from Bratislava, Slovakia Zahradníková E, Rendeková A, Ščevková J Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 05-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10791852
doi:10.1007/s11356-023-31137-9
PMID:38052730
Arthropods Associated with Invasive Frangula alnus (Rosales: Rhamnaceae): Implications for Invasive Plant and Insect Management Greenleaf J, Holásková I, Rowen E, Gutensohn M, Turcotte R, Park YL Insects 28-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10871088
doi:10.3390/insects14120913
PMID:38132587
Catastrophic flooding effects on a Wisconsin wet prairie remnant: A shift in the disturbance regime? Zedler PH, Herrick BM PLoS One 22-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10664900
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294359
PMID:37992070
Spatial Patterns of Frangula alnus (Rosales: Rhamnaceae): Implications for Invasive Plant Management Greenleaf J, Karimzadeh R, Park YL Biology (Basel) 01-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10669815
doi:10.3390/biology12111393
PMID:37997992
Commodity risk assessment of Quercus robur plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 30-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10613938
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8314
PMID:37908449
Commodity risk assessment of Quercus petraea plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 30-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10613939
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8313
PMID:37908445
Day‐flying lepidoptera larvae have a poorer ability to thermoregulate than adults Ashe‐Jepson E, Hayes MP, Hitchcock GE, Wingader K, Turner EC, Bladon AJ Ecol Evol 17-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10580006
doi:10.1002/ece3.10623
PMID:37854314

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyanthracene-9,10-dione 11968469 Click to see 416.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Aloe emodin 10207 Click to see 270.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1076/PHBI.38.5.321.5965
Frangulin B 442744 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3O)OC4C(C(CO4)(CO)O)O 402.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Physcion 10639 Click to see 284.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1076/PHBI.38.5.321.5965
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
Emodin 3220 Click to see 270.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19002380606
https://doi.org/10.1076/PHBI.38.5.321.5965
https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19112490306
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
2-Propenal, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 9984 Click to see 178.18 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(3R,7S)-7-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]-3-hydroxy-4,7-dihydro-3H-dioxepine-5-carbaldehyde 97046419 Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC(=C)C2C3C=C(CC(OO3)O)C=O)C)C 334.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Labda-8(17),12-Diene-15,16-Dial 11077520 Click to see 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Zerumin A 11723433 Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC(=C)C2CC=C(CC(=O)O)C=O)C)C 318.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Colensane and clerodane diterpenoids
(4S,4aR,8aS)-4-[(Z)-2-(furan-3-yl)ethenyl]-3,4a,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8a-tetrahydro-4H-naphthalen-1-one 101286221 Click to see 298.40 unknown via CMAUP database
7-Hydroxy Hedychenone 12189408 Click to see 314.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Coronarin A 24851535 Click to see 300.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Coronarin E 9971144 Click to see 284.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Hedychenone 12067184 Click to see 298.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(3S,6E,8S)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,6,10-triene-3,8-diol 10105633 Click to see 238.37 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,6E)-Nerolidol 5281525 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C)C 222.37 unknown via CMAUP database
[(4R,5R,6E,10S)-5-acetyloxy-10-hydroxy-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,11-trien-4-yl] acetate 10042769 Click to see CC(=CC(C(C(=CCCC(C)(C=C)O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C 338.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
Cryptomeridiol 165258 Click to see 240.38 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Diterpene glycosides
4-[(2S,4R,4aR,6aR,8S,10aR,10bS)-8-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-7,7,10a-trimethyl-2,4,4a,5,6,6a,8,9,10,10b-decahydro-1H-benzo[f]isochromen-2-yl]-2H-furan-5-one 25158097 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3CCC4(C(C3(C)C)CCC5C4CC(OC5O)C6=CCOC6=O)C)CO)O)O)O)O)O 658.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Alpindenoside A 25158096 Click to see 640.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones
(1R,4aS,8aR)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-4-oxo-1-[(E)-2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl)ethenyl]-4a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalene-2-carbaldehyde 52949806 Click to see 328.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(2S)-3-[(E)-2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethenyl]-2-hydroxy-2H-furan-5-one 92466427 Click to see 316.40 unknown via CMAUP database
3-[(E)-2-[(1R,4aS,8aR)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-4-oxo-4a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethenyl]-2H-furan-5-one 52943704 Click to see 346.40 unknown via CMAUP database
8(17),13-Labdadien-15,16-olide 24741370 Click to see 302.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Villosin 16733738 Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC(=C)C2C=CC3=CCOC3=O)C)C 300.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids / 21-hydroxysteroids
(8S,9S,10R,11R,13S,14R,17R)-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 40543465 Click to see CC12CCC(=O)C=C1CCC3C2C(CC4(C3CCC4(C(=O)CO)O)C)O 362.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Sitogluside 5742590 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown via CMAUP database
Stigmasterol 5280794 Click to see 412.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids
(Z)-3-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]prop-2-enoic acid 25158098 Click to see 262.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols
Galanal B 3086504 Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CCC3(C2CC=C(CC3O)C=O)C=O)C)C 318.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
6-deoxy-Hex(?1-3)6-deoxy-Hex(?1-6)Hex 162994272 Click to see 472.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82864-5
Rha(b1-3)Rha(b1-6)b-Gal 162994273 Click to see 472.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82864-5
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
(3E,5R)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one 92983345 Click to see 318.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(3E,5S)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one 97354637 Click to see 346.50 unknown via CMAUP database
(3E)-3-[2-[(1R,3R,4aS,8aR)-3-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-4-oxo-4a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one 21601997 Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1C(=O)C(C(=C)C2CC=C3CCOC3=O)O)C)C 332.40 unknown via CMAUP database
(3E)-3-[2-[(1S,4R,4aS,8aR)-4-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]oxolan-2-one 16038718 Click to see 318.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Hedychilactone A 10041596 Click to see 318.40 unknown via CMAUP database
isocoronarin D 46871816 Click to see 318.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
2-Propenoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-, ethyl ester 65133 Click to see 222.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
3-(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenyl)Prop-2-Enoic Acid 709 Click to see 194.18 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7,8-dihydroxycoumarins
Fraxetin 5273569 Click to see 208.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Diarylheptanoids / Linear diarylheptanoids
1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one 46881044 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)CCC(=O)C=CC=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)OC)O 354.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100101645
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100101645
Rhamnocitrin 5320946 Click to see 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19002380606
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-3-O-glucuronides
kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside 57509403 Click to see 608.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one 162861705 Click to see 770.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(82)85113-2
Hyperoside 5281643 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100101645
Quercitrin 5280459 Click to see 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1081/JLC-100101645
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Kaempferol 3,7,4'-trimethyl ether 5468749 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC)O)OC 328.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Coumestans
1,3-Dihydroxy-8,9-dimethoxy-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromen-6-one 11602329 Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C3=C(O2)C4=C(C=C(C=C4OC3=O)O)O)OC 328.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19112490306
https://doi.org/10.1076/PHBI.38.5.321.5965

Gallery Top

We don't have an image yet. Upload an image!

Contributors Top

No known contributors. Be the first!

Collections Top

In private collections 0
In public collections 0
You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.