Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

In traditional practice across East Asia the seeds of Hovenia dulcis are best known for an antialcohol or “ sobering” use. In Classical Chinese Medicine, recorded for centuries in the Bencao Gangmu, a tea or decoction of roasted seeds is taken to lessen intoxication and ease a heavy head (World Health Organization, 1998). In Korea, the Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Korea lists a water extract of the seeds for similar “alcohol‑related discomforts” (Korean Pharmaceutical Information Center, 2022). Among indigenous communities of Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India, the seeds are described as being chewed and also decocted in water to counter drunkenness (Chowdhury and Kumar, 2015, based on fieldwork in the Monpa area). The plant part used in all of these sources is the mature seed.

A practical preparation is a simple, mild seed tea. Measure 5–10 g of roasted seeds, crush them lightly, and pour 250–300 ml of just‑boiled water over them. Cover and steep for 10–15 minutes; strain, and drink while warm. Two cups in a day is a common traditional limit. These teas are not advised for pregnant people because dihydromyricetin has shown effects in animal studies; keep intake modest and discontinue if you feel unwell (Korean Pharmaceutical Information Center, 2022).

Well‑established phytochemicals in Hovenia dulcis seeds that plausibly account for these uses include the flavonoids dihydromyricetin and quercetin, the flavonol glycoside quercetin‑3‑O‑rutinoside, the stilbene glucoside rhapontigenin‑3′‑O‑β‑d‑glucoside, and the phenolic acids vanillic and syringic acids. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that dihydromyricetin can antagonize ethanol effects in rodents and modulate GABA‑A receptors, while quercetin is a strong antioxidant; these activities align with traditional use for alcohol‑related discomfort (Wang et al., 2011; Seo et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2020).

Modern relevance follows. Extracts standardized to dihydromyricetin are sold in several markets as dietary supplements, and research continues to explore formulations and dosing, especially as it intersects with traditional tea and decoction practices in China, Japan, and India (World Health Organization, 1998; Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2022).

General Uses Top

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common products are the swollen, fleshy peduncles (“raisin tree”), which are eaten fresh, dried like raisins, or processed into preserves, syrup, and sugar. They are used as a non-alcoholic beverage ingredient and in fermented beverages (wine and vinegar); they can also be candied or used in jellies. The infructescences yield a yellowish-brown natural dye and the bark and rind provide tannins.

Common products:
Edible product: ripe peduncles (the swollen, sweet fruiting stalks). Products: fresh fruit; dried and candied fruit; preserves and jellies; syrup and sugar; confectionery; ingredient in non-alcoholic drinks; raw material for wine and vinegar; confectionery coating.

Colorants and tanning:
Infructescences and bark yield a yellow–brown natural dye and are a source of hydrolyzable tannins for leather tanning.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Ripe peduncles are consumed as fresh or dried fruit. They are processed into preserves, syrup, and sugar; used in non-alcoholic drinks and fermented beverages (wine, vinegar); and candied or used in jellies.

Standards and regulation:
Where traded as food, local food standards for fruit products apply; specific standards are not specified in the source.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Hovenia dulcis var. glabra	Makino	Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 155 1914
Hovenia dulcis var. tomentella	Makino	Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 156 1914
Hovenia pubescens	Sweet	Hort. Brit. : 91 (1826)
Hovenia dulcis var. latifolia	Nakai ex Y.Kimura	Fl. Jap. 476 1939

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	japanese raisin tree
English	oriental raisin tree
English	japanese raisintree
Spanish	oriental raisin tree
Spanish	japanese raisin tree
Spanish	hovenia pubescens
Spanish	hovenia dulcis var. glabra
Spanish	hovenia dulcis var. latifolia
ab	Акамфеҭҵла
Afrikaans	japanse rosyntjieboom
Arabic	هوفينية حلوة
Azerbaijani	Şirin hoveniya
Catalan	arbre de les panses
German	japanischer rosinenbaum
Finnish	itämainen rusinapuu
Finnish	japanillainen rusinapuu
French	raisinier de chine
Hebrew	עץ הצימוק היפני
Armenian	Կոնֆետի ծառ
Italian	albero dell'uva passa
Japanese	玄圃梨
Japanese	ケンポナシ
Korean	헛개나무
Polish	drzewo rodzynkowe
Polish	howenia słodka
Portuguese	cajueiro-japonês
Russian	Конфетное дерево
Russian	говения сладкая
Russian	конфетное дерево
Serbian	Ховенија
Swedish	japanskt russinträd
Swedish	orientaliskt russinträd
Turkish	Şeker ağacı
Uzbek	konfet daraxti
xmf	ჰოვენია გემუანი
xmf	კამფეტიშ ჯა
Chinese	枳棋子
Chinese	鸡爪梨
Chinese	北枳椇
Chinese	枳椇子
Chinese	枳椇
Chinese	拐枣
Chinese	甜半夜

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Hovenia dulcis var. crassifolia	Konta	Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 31: 147 (2005)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China North-central
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
- Eastern Asia
  - Japan
  - Korea

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales

Northern America click to expand
- South-central U.S.A.
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - North Carolina

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
- Central America
  - Honduras
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Paraguay
- Western South America
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000725083
UNII	1DM83BAP2N
USDA Plants	HODU2
UConn	206
Tropicos	27500165
INPN	448325
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:717558-1
The Plant List	kew-2853957
PFAF	Hovenia dulcis
PaleoBotany	49819
Open Tree Of Life	870613
NCBI Taxonomy	99292
Nature Serve	2.129573
IUCN Red List	147482976
IPNI	717558-1
iNaturalist	163847
GBIF	3039410
Freebase	/m/02q6_7r
EPPO	HOVDU
EOL	582359
USDA GRIN	19387
Wikipedia	Hovenia_dulcis

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Rhamnella wilsonii Schneid (Rhamnaceae)

Wang G, An J, Si J

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

12-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11018004
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2024.2339492
PMID:	38623175

Hovenia dulcis Fruit Peduncle Polysaccharides Reduce Intestinal Dysbiosis and Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism Disorders in Alcohol-Exposed Mice

Liu L, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Xue Y, Liu X

Foods

09-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11049514
doi:	10.3390/foods13081145
PMID:	38672817

Hovenia dulcis: a Chinese medicine that plays an essential role in alcohol-associated liver disease

He YX, Liu MN, Wang YY, Wu H, Wei M, Xue JY, Zou Y, Zhou X, Chen H, Li Z

Front Pharmacol

08-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11033337
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1337633
PMID:	38650630

Classification, biosynthesis, and biological functions of triterpene esters in plants

Liu J, Yin X, Kou C, Thimmappa R, Hua X, Xue Z

Plant Commun

13-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC11009366
doi:	10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100845
PMID:	38356259

Application and mechanisms of Sanhua Decoction in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Wang YK, Lin H, Wang SR, Bian RT, Tong Y, Zhang WT, Cui YL

World J Clin Cases

06-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10841129
doi:	10.12998/wjcc.v12.i4.688
PMID:	38322692

Potential therapeutic target for polysaccharide inhibition of colon cancer progression

Fan J, Zhu J, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Xu H

Front Med (Lausanne)

08-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10804854
doi:	10.3389/fmed.2023.1325491
PMID:	38264044

Anti-Inflammatory Herbal Extracts and Their Drug Discovery Perspective in Atopic Dermatitis

Lee JW, Kim EN, Jeong GS

Biomol Ther (Seoul)

01-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10762282
doi:	10.4062/biomolther.2023.102
PMID:	38148551

The complete chloroplast genome of Ziziphus mairei Dode 1908 (Rhamnaceae), an endangered perennial plant in Yunnan, China

Wang S, Liu Y, Li R, Wang S, Huang Y

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

24-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10763858
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2023.2290844
PMID:	38173918

Hovenia dulcis Suppresses the Growth of Huh7-Derived Liver Cancer Stem Cells by Inducing Necroptosis and Apoptosis and Blocking c-MET Signaling

Kwon M, Jung HJ

Cells

21-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10778038
doi:	10.3390/cells13010022
PMID:	38201226

Microwaves and Ultrasound as Emerging Techniques for Lignocellulosic Materials

Fernandes A, Cruz-Lopes L, Esteves B, Evtuguin DV

Materials (Basel)

25-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10706977
doi:	10.3390/ma16237351
PMID:	38068095

Protective Effects and Mechanism of Polysaccharides from Edible Medicinal Plants in Alcoholic Liver Injury: A Review

Su ZW, Yan TY, Feng J, Zhang MY, Han L, Zhang HF, Xiao Y

Int J Mol Sci

20-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10671977
doi:	10.3390/ijms242216530
PMID:	38003718

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress in chronic liver diseases and its mitigation by medicinal plants

Sharma P, Nandave M, Nandave D, Yadav S, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Singh S, Tandon R, Ramniwas S, Behl T

Am J Transl Res

15-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10703659
PMID:	38074830

Applications and Market of Micro-Organism-Based and Plant-Based Inputs in Brazilian Agriculture

Soares CR, Hernández AG, da Silva EP, de Souza JE, Bonfim DF, Zabot GL, Ferreira PA, Brunetto G

Plants (Basel)

14-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10675046
doi:	10.3390/plants12223844
PMID:	38005741

Pest categorisation of Pochazia shantungensis

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A

EFSA J

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10617311
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8320
PMID:	37915980

Diversity of Leaf Glands and Their Putative Functions in Rhamnaceae Species

Iwamoto L, Vicentini TA, Ramos FP, Ribeiro CC, Teixeira SP

Plants (Basel)

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10647809
doi:	10.3390/plants12213732
PMID:	37960088

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
Ethyl decyl phthalate	525161	Click to see	306.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80044-2
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Methyl Vanillate	19844	Click to see	182.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977346
Vanillic Acid	8468	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O	168.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977346
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol	6439502	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCOC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC2C(C(C(CO2)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C	448.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80044-2
Kenposide B	192589	Click to see	448.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80044-2
Lavandulyl 1-O-arabinopyranosyl-1-6-glucopyranoside	73753502	Click to see CC(=CCC(COC1C(C(C(C(O1)COC2C(C(C(CO2)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=C)C)C	448.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)80044-2
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Diterpene glycosides
(1S,2S,4aR,4bR,7S,8aR,10aR)-2-[(2R,3S)-3-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-enyl]-3-methyloxiran-2-yl]-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethyl-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2'-one	162848719	Click to see	650.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
(1S,2S,4aR,4bR,7S,8aR,10aR)-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[(2S,3S)-3-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-enyl]-3-methyloxiran-2-yl]-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethylspiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2'-one	101634396	Click to see	959.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
(1S,2S,4aR,4bR,7S,8aR,10aR)-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[(2S,3S)-3-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-enyl]-3-methyloxiran-2-yl]-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethylspiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2'-one	101634401	Click to see	797.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
(1S,2S,4aR,4bR,7S,8aR,10aR)-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethyl-2-[(2S,3S)-3-methyl-3-[(2R)-4-methyl-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypent-3-enyl]oxiran-2-yl]spiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2'-one	101634395	Click to see	959.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
[(2S,3R)-3-[(1S,2R,4aR,4bR,7S,8aR,10aR)-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethyl-2'-oxo-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2-yl]-1-[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]butan-2-yl] acetate	101998900	Click to see CC1=CC(OC1=O)CC(C(C)C2CCC3C4(CCC(C(C4CCC3(C25CC(=O)OC5)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)OC(=O)C	706.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.43.532
[(2S,3R)-3-[(1S,2R,4aR,4bR,7S,8aR,10aR)-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethyl-2'-oxospiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2-yl]-1-[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]butan-2-yl] acetate	101998899	Click to see	853.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.43.532
[(2S,3R)-3-[(1S,2R,4aR,4bR,7S,8aS,10aR)-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethyl-2'-oxo-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2-yl]-1-[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]butan-2-yl] acetate	162905323	Click to see CC1=CC(OC1=O)CC(C(C)C2CCC3C4(CCC(C(C4CCC3(C25CC(=O)OC5)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)OC(=O)C	706.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.44.1736
[(2S,3R)-3-[(1S,2R,4aR,4bR,7S,8aS,10aR)-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethyl-2'-oxo-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2-yl]-1-[(2S,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]butan-2-yl] acetate	162876806	Click to see CC1CC(OC1=O)CC(C(C)C2CCC3C4(CCC(C(C4CCC3(C25CC(=O)OC5)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)OC(=O)C	708.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.44.1736
[(2S,3R)-3-[(1S,2R,4aR,4bR,7S,8aS,10aR)-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethyl-2'-oxospiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2-yl]-1-[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]butan-2-yl] acetate	124871790	Click to see	853.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.44.1736
[(2S,3R)-3-[(1S,2R,4aR,4bR,7S,8aS,10aR)-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethyl-2'-oxospiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2-yl]-1-[(2S,4R)-4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]butan-2-yl] acetate	162951955	Click to see	855.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.44.1736
[3-[4b,8,8,10a-Tetramethyl-2'-oxo-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2-yl]-1-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)butan-2-yl] acetate	78302484	Click to see CC1CC(OC1=O)CC(C(C)C2CCC3C4(CCC(C(C4CCC3(C25CC(=O)OC5)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)OC(=O)C	708.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.44.1736
[3-[7-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethyl-2'-oxospiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2-yl]-1-(4-methyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)butan-2-yl] acetate	78302483	Click to see CC1CC(OC1=O)CC(C(C)C2CCC3C4(CCC(C(C4CCC3(C25CC(=O)OC5)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)C)OC(=O)C	855.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.44.1736
7-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4b,8,8,10a-tetramethyl-2-[3-methyl-3-[4-methyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypent-3-enyl]oxiran-2-yl]spiro[2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8a,9,10-decahydrophenanthrene-1,4'-oxolane]-2'-one	85106192	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3CCC4(C5CCC(C6(C5(CCC4C3(C)C)C)CC(=O)OC6)C7C(O7)(C)CC(C=C(C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)CO)O)O)O)O)O	959.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
Hoduloside I	131752536	Click to see	959.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01248-C https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
Hoduloside II	131752537	Click to see	959.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01248-C https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
Hovenidulcioside A1	76401300	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3CCC4(C5CCC(C6(C5(CCC4C3(C)C)C)CC(=O)OC6)C(C)C(CC7C=C(C(=O)O7)C)OC(=O)C)C)CO)O)O)O)O)O	853.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.43.532 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.44.1736
Hovenidulcioside A2	85084179	Click to see	706.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.43.532 https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.44.1736
Saponin E	162907302	Click to see	797.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
Saponin H	131751812	Click to see	650.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-17-[(E,2S)-2,6-dihydroxy-6-methylhept-4-en-2-yl]-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,4,8,10-tetramethyl-14-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-one	163017572	Click to see	1093.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
Dammar-23-en-16-one, 3-(alpha-L-arabinopyranosyloxy)-20,25-dihydroxy-30-[(6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-, (3beta,23E)-	163188344	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC4C(C(C(CO4)O)O)O)C)CCC5C3(CC(=O)C5C(C)(CC=CC(C)(C)O)O)COC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(CO7)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C	917.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
Dammar-23-en-16-one, 3-(alpha-L-arabinopyranosyloxy)-30-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-20,25-dihydroxy-, (3beta,23E)-	162883928	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC4C(C(C(CO4)O)O)O)C)CCC5C3(CC(=O)C5C(C)(CC=CC(C)(C)O)O)COC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C	785.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
Dammar-23-en-16-one, 3-[[2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]oxy]-20,25-dihydroxy-30-[(6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-, (3beta,23E)-	162940517	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC3CCC4(C5CCC6C(C(=O)CC6(C5(CCC4C3(C)C)C)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)COC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(C)(CC=CC(C)(C)O)O)C)O)O)O)O)O	1063.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
Dammar-23-en-16-one, 3-[[2-O-(6-deoxy-I+/--L-mannopyranosyl)-I+/--L-arabinopyranosyl]oxy]-30-(I(2)-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-20,25-dihydroxy-, (3I(2),23E)-	163068805	Click to see	931.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2R,5R,7S,10R,11R,14R,15S,16S,18R,20S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	101634399	Click to see	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01248-C
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(1S,2R,5R,7S,10R,11R,14R,15S,16S,18R,20S)-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-16-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	163038309	Click to see	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19810001923
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-methyl-6-[[(1S,2R,5R,7S,10R,11R,14R,15S,16S,18R,20S)-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-16-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	162989466	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2(CC(OC34C2C5CCC6C7(CCC(C(C7CCC6(C5(C3)CO4)C)(C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C=C(C)C)C)O)O)O	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19810001923
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2R,5R,7S,10R,11R,14R,15S,16S,18R,20S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	101634398	Click to see	929.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01248-C
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2R,5R,7S,10R,11R,14S,15R,16S,18R,20S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol	163085985	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC3CCC4(C5CCC6C7C(CC(OC78CC6(C5(CCC4C3(C)C)C)CO8)C=C(C)C)(C)O)C)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	913.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
(3beta,16beta,23R)-16,23:16,30-Diepoxy-20-hydroxy-13-methyldammar-24-en-3-yl O-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3))-beta-D-glucopyranoside	73204031	Click to see	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
17-(2,6-Dihydroxy-6-methylhept-4-en-2-yl)-3-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,4,8,10-tetramethyl-14-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-one	163068804	Click to see	931.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
17-(2,6-Dihydroxy-6-methylhept-4-en-2-yl)-3-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,4,8,10-tetramethyl-14-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-one	162940516	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC3CCC4(C5CCC6C(C(=O)CC6(C5(CCC4C3(C)C)C)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)COC8C(C(C(CO8)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(C)(CC=CC(C)(C)O)O)C)O)O)O)O)O	1063.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
17-(2,6-Dihydroxy-6-methylhept-4-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10-tetramethyl-14-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-one	162883927	Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1OC4C(C(C(CO4)O)O)O)C)CCC5C3(CC(=O)C5C(C)(CC=CC(C)(C)O)O)COC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C	785.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
17-(2,6-Dihydroxy-6-methylhept-4-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10-tetramethyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-14-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-one	162978132	Click to see	917.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
2-[2-[2-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(1S,2R,7S,10R,11R,14R,15S,16S,20S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]-6-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol	11970116	Click to see	1045.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
Dammar-23-en-16-one, 3-[(O-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-30-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-20,25-dihydroxy-, (3beta,23E)-	163017571	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC3CCC4(C5CCC6C(C(=O)CC6(C5(CCC4C3(C)C)C)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C(C)(CC=CC(C)(C)O)O)C)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	1093.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
Hoduloside III	73156986	Click to see	913.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287 https://doi.org/10.1039/P19810001923
Hoduloside IV	85137972	Click to see CC(=CC1CC(C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C36CC2(O1)OC6)C)(C)C)OC7C(C(C(CO7)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C)(C)O)C	929.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
Hoduloside IX	131752895	Click to see	1063.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01248-C
Hoduloside VII	131752893	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC3CCC4(C5CCC6C(C(=O)CC6(C5(CCC4C3(C)C)C)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C(C)(CC=CC(C)(C)O)O)C)O)O)O)O)O	931.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01248-C
Hoduloside VIII	131752894	Click to see	917.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01248-C https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
Hoduloside X	131752896	Click to see	1093.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
Hovenoside I	131751657	Click to see	899.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01248-C
I+/--L-Arabinopyranoside, (3I(2),16I(2),23R)-16,23:16,30-diepoxy-20-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl O-6-deoxy-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1a2)-O-[I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1a3)]-	101634397	Click to see	913.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01248-C
I+/--L-Arabinopyranoside, (3I(2),16I(2),23R)-16,23:16,30-diepoxy-20-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl O-I(2)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1a3)-O-[I(2)-D-xylopyranosyl-(1a2)]-	101634400	Click to see	899.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
Jujuboside B	24721031	Click to see	1045.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
Jujuboside B1	73156987	Click to see	1045.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287
Saponin D	131752825	Click to see	927.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19810001923
Saponin G	131752826	Click to see	781.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/P19810001923
Zizyphus saponin II	21637212	Click to see	913.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.40.2287 https://doi.org/10.1039/P19810001923
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Peptides / Cyclic peptides
(2S,3S)-3-methyl-2-(methylamino)-N-[(3S,4R,7R,10Z)-7-(2-methylpropyl)-5,8-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-6,9-diazabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadeca-1(14),10,12,15-tetraen-4-yl]pentanamide	163187639	Click to see	486.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80519-9
3-methyl-2-(methylamino)-N-[7-(2-methylpropyl)-5,8-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-6,9-diazabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadeca-1(14),10,12,15-tetraen-4-yl]pentanamide	78385035	Click to see CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC1C(OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C=CNC(=O)C(NC1=O)CC(C)C)C(C)C)NC	486.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80519-9
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Peptides / Oligopeptides
(2S,3S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-methyl-N-[(3S,4R,7R,10Z)-7-(2-methylpropyl)-5,8-dioxo-3-propan-2-yl-2-oxa-6,9-diazabicyclo[10.2.2]hexadeca-1(14),10,12,15-tetraen-4-yl]pentanamide	163194560	Click to see	500.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80519-9
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar acids and derivatives / Glucuronic acid derivatives
D-Glucuronic Acid Methyl Ester	71771920	Click to see	208.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(90)90067-4
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazanaphthalenes / Benzodiazines / Quinazolines
Fumiquinazoline O	71605144	Click to see	543.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.41.1722
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Ferulic Acid	445858	Click to see	194.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977346
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins
Catechin	9064	Click to see	290.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977346
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Epigallocatechins
3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one	5153580	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	320.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.20.381
Dihydromyricetin	161557	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	320.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2012.09.098 https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.20.381
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavan-3-ols
Afzelechin	442154	Click to see	274.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977346
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols
2,3-Dihydroflavon-3-ol	147806	Click to see	240.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2012.09.098
3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Chroman-4-One	662	Click to see	288.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977346
Aromadendrin	122850	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	288.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977346
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Myricetin	5281672	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	318.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.20.381

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Hovenia dulcis

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