Trollius europaeus
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ffea5d6ad3867647069 |
| Scientific name | Trollius europaeus |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 556 (1753) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Ornamental perennials marketed as herbaceous border plants, rock‑garden specimens, and container plants for temperate gardens.
- Cut‑flower stems harvested for commercial floristry; sold under the trade name “globe flower” in European cut‑flower markets.
- Propagation material: seed packets and divisions supplied to commercial nurseries and amateur growers.
- Potted nursery stock for spring planting in municipal landscaping projects.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Horticultural trade: bulk production of plants for garden centres, landscape contractors, and public‑green projects.
- Floral craft industry: dried inflorescences used in dried‑flower arrangements and botanical crafts.
- Educational and demonstration gardens: inclusion in university and botanical garden collections for visitor education.
Properties relevant to use:
- Height 30–70 cm with erect, glabrous stems; leaf architecture comprises basal rosette and cauline leaves.
- Inflorescence a solitary, globose head 3–5 cm diameter, bright yellow to orange; blooming from early to mid‑summer.
- Post‑harvest vase life of 10–14 days under standard cut‑flower protocols; low ethylene sensitivity.
- Cold‑hardy to USDA zones 3–7, tolerates acidic to neutral soils with good drainage.
- Seed germination rate >70 % after cold stratification for 30 days.
Standards and regulation:
- Cut‑flower production follows European Standard EN 13292 (1995) specifying grading, packaging, and post‑harvest handling.
- EU Plant Health Regulation (EU 2016/2031) mandates phytosanitary certificates for all imports of vegetative material, ensuring compliance with the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC).
- National horticultural codes, e.g., the UK Plant Health (England) Order 2020, require inspection and certification before distribution.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- The species is cultivated almost exclusively in managed horticultural systems; wild harvesting is negligible.
- Seeds are produced in certified nurseries, reducing pressure on natural populations.
- Propagation by division every 2–3 years promotes genetic uniformity, aiding IPM and organic certification programs.
- Life‑cycle assessment studies of ornamental production indicate modest water and fertilizer inputs relative to other herbaceous perennials.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Trollius viridis | Miel. | Flora 22: 492 (1839) |
| Trollius viridiflorus | Schur | Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 26 (1866) |
| Trollius tauricus | hort. ex Wender. | Flora 1: 579 (1818) |
| Trollius sphaericus | Salisb. | Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 302 (1807) |
| Trollius napellifolius | Roepert | Flora 3: 105 (1820) |
| Trollius montanus | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 373 (1796) |
| Trollius minimus | Wender. | Flora 1: 579 (1818) |
| Trollius medius | Wender. | Flora 1: 578 (1818) |
| Trollius rotundiflorus | Stokes | Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 270 (1812) |
| Trollius connivens | Moench | Methodus : 313 (1794) |
| Trollius germanicus | Wender. | Schriften Ges. Beförd. Gesammten Naturwiss. Marburg 2: 217 (1831) |
| Trollius humilis | Crantz | Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 123 (1763) |
| Trollius grandiflorus | Bailly | Fl. Pleine Terre ed. 2: 936 1866 |
| Trollius grandiflorus | Tausch | Flora 22: 173 (1839) |
| Trollius emarginatus | G.Don | Gen. Hist. 1: 45 (1831) |
| Trollius globosus | Lam. | Fl. Franç. 3: 323 (1779) |
| Trollius napellifolius var. patulus | Roepert | Flora 3: 106 (1820) |
| Trollius napellifolius var. erectus | Roepert | Flora 3: 106 (1820) |
| Trollius napellifolius var. nitens | Roepert | Flora 3(pt. 1, no. 7): 106. 1820 [21 Feb 1820] |
| Trollius napellifolius var. opacus | Roepert | Flora 3(pt. 1, no. 7): 106. 1820 [21 Feb 1820] |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | globeflower |
| Spanish | flor de san pallari |
| Arabic | الزهرة الكروية |
| Arabic | ترولليوس |
| Belarusian | Пярэсна еўрапейская |
| Bulgarian | планински божур |
| Bulgarian | Витошко лале |
| Catalan | rovell d'ou |
| Czech | upolín evropský |
| Czech | upolín nejvyšší |
| cv | Сарă чапăл курăкĕ |
| Welsh | cronnell |
| Danish | europæisk engblomme |
| German | europäische trollblume |
| German | trollblume |
| Estonian | harilik kullerkupp |
| Persian | گل کرهای اروپایی |
| Finnish | niittykullero |
| Finnish | kullero |
| French | trole |
| French | trolle |
| French | trolle d'europe |
| Upper Sorbian | europska kubołnička |
| Hungarian | közönséges zergeboglár |
| Hungarian | európai zergeboglár |
| Italian | bottone d'oro |
| Italian | ranuncolo di montagna |
| Lithuanian | paprastasis burbulis |
| Latvian | eiropas saulpurene |
| mrj | Нарынзывуй |
| Norwegian Bokmål | ballblom |
| Norwegian Bokmål | eggeblomme |
| Dutch | europese trollius |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | ballblom |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | ballblome |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | ballblomster |
| Polish | pełnik europejski |
| Polish | róża kłodzka |
| Romansh | targnol |
| Romanian | bulbuc de munte |
| Russian | Купальница европейская |
| Russian | Жарок европейский |
| se | boallorássi |
| Samogitian | borbols |
| Slovak | žltohlav európsky |
| Slovenian | navadna pogačica |
| Serbian | Жути јаблан |
| Swedish | smörboll |
| Swedish | smörbollar |
| Ukrainian | купальниця європейська |
| vep | bolobolk |
| Chinese | 欧洲金莲花 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Begin at 20°C for 6 weeks, cool to 4°C for 6 weeks, then gradually increase to 10°C over 6 weeks. If no germination, the cycle is repeated. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Siberia
- West Siberia
-
Siberia
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Baltic States
- Belarus
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- North European Russia
- Northwest European Russia
- South European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Finland
- Great Britain
- Ireland
- Norway
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- France
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000455242 |
| Canadensys | 8582 |
| Tropicos | 27100861 |
| INPN | 127872 |
| Flora of Italy | 1007 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:306789-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-2514617 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 254050 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 805006 |
| Observations.org | 124713 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 212754 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000002692 |
| Nature Serve | 2.129576 |
| IPNI | 306789-2 |
| iNaturalist | 59552 |
| GBIF | 3033289 |
| Freebase | /m/06f12s |
| EPPO | TLUEU |
| EOL | 596364 |
| Elurikkus | 8034 |
| USDA GRIN | 40676 |
| Wikipedia | Trollius_europaeus |
| CMAUP | NPO4061 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Lupin alkaloids / Cytisine and derivatives | |||||
| (1R)-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahydro-1,5-methano-8H-pyrido(1,2-a)(1,5)diazocin-8-one | 1278189 | Click to see | 204.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cytisine | 10235 | Click to see | 190.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| N-Formylcytisine, (-)- | 6604689 | Click to see | 218.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans | |||||
| (-)-Syringaresinol | 11604108 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)O)OC | 418.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols | |||||
| (3S,4S,5E,11E)-trideca-5,11-dien-7,9-diyne-3,4-diol | 163034433 | Click to see | 204.26 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19900730608 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls | |||||
| 6-Epineoflor | 14701077 | Click to see | 618.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19900730608 |
| Neoflor | 14701076 | Click to see | 618.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19900730608 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| Lupenone | 92158 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C | 424.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lupeol | 259846 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Oxosteroids | |||||
| (1R,4R,5R,7S)-4-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-7-[(2R,5R,8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-2,5,17-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 101666191 | Click to see | 486.60 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19560390309 https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19900730608 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Dialkyl ethers | |||||
| 2-Methoxy-1-propanol | 14846 | Click to see | 90.12 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19560390309 https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19900730608 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| Caffeic acid n-octadecyl ester | 71374400 | Click to see | 432.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones | |||||
| Naringenin | 439246 | Click to see | 272.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones / Flavanonols | |||||
| Aromadendrin | 122850 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O | 288.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones | |||||
| Apigenin | 5280443 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O | 270.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Kaempferol | 5280863 | Click to see | 286.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflav-2-enes / Isoflavones | |||||
| Daidzein | 5281708 | Click to see | 254.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Genistein | 5280961 | Click to see | 270.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isoprunetin | 5748551 | Click to see | 284.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflavonoid O-glycosides | |||||
| 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl hexopyranoside | 189922 | Click to see | 446.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Biochanin A 7-O-xylosyl-(1->6)-glucoside | 44257291 | Click to see | 578.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sophoricoside | 5321398 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylisoflavones | |||||
| Biochanin A | 5280373 | Click to see | 284.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylisoflavones | |||||
| 4',7-Dimethoxyisoflavone | 136419 | Click to see | 282.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5-Hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyisoflavone | 5386259 | Click to see | 298.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isoformononetin | 3764 | Click to see | 268.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |