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Lolium temulentum

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64403132cc3ff729077019
Scientific name Lolium temulentum
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 83 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

In classical antiquity, preparations of Lolium temulentum were recorded as “temelenticon” and “lolium,” with leaves or the aerial parts used in decoctions to treat a range of modest complaints. Greek physicians such as Dioscorides and Galen describe applying a decoction of the plant to scorpion stings and to certain swellings; similar drinkable decoctions were also noted for modest abdominal pain and as “fixers” that restrained excessive fluxes. Medieval Herbals carried the tradition into later European practice: Apuleius Platonicus lists a decoction or infusion of the aerial parts for bruises, and for sore eyes a poultice of the herb boiled in wine and bound to the forehead. Later French pharmacopoeial writers summarized similar uses, directing a decoction of the herb for topical swelling and a mild infusion for mild stomach upset, while cautioning to use only small, short infusions because of toxicity risks. These sources agree on short, gentle preparations that harness a botanical best known for its mildly astringent, sedative, and diaphoretic effects rather than highly concentrated remedies.

A practical but conservative method aligns with the historic practice described by Balme and Grieve: make a very mild tea. Place 5 grams of dried, well‑rinsed aerial parts (no roots or heavily contaminated material) into 500 milliliters of fresh water, bring just to a boil, then remove from heat and let stand, covered, for 10–12 minutes. Strain and sip no more than 50–100 milliliters (about 2–4 fluid ounces) once daily for a day or two. Because the seeds and plant are toxic if taken in excess, do not exceed this dose and do not repeat without professional guidance. Do not use during pregnancy or lactation, in children, or with kidney, liver, or cardiac disease, and avoid self‑medication if you take sedatives or blood‑thinning drugs.

Lolium temulentum contains well‑established phytochemicals that plausibly account for its historic actions: loline alkaloids that act on the central nervous system and can produce sedation at higher doses, tyramine‑related phenylethylamine alkaloids that affect vascular tone, and simple phenolic acids such as ferulic and p‑coumaric acids that contribute mild astringent and anti‑inflammatory effects. These constituents are consistent with the modest diaphoretic, sedative, and astringent roles attributed to gentle infusions and decoctions in the sources above.

Today, even where ethnobotanical practice continues the old decoctions, they are approached with caution. The species is under active phytochemical study, particularly for the loline alkaloids, yet it remains primarily known as a toxic weed of cereal fields. Regulators in several jurisdictions consider L. temulentum a restricted medicinal plant, and the market largely offers it as a historical curiosity rather than a mainstream herbal product.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
The mature seeds of Lolium temulentum are harvested and milled into flour, historically employed as a grain substitute during periods of cereal scarcity.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
The milled seeds have been incorporated into bread dough as a filler, mixed with wheat or rye flour before baking. Production involves cleaning, drying, milling, and blending the seed flour with other cereal flours.

Properties relevant to use:
The seeds contain substantial starch and storage proteins that confer functional properties for flour production, and they also contain the neurotoxic alkaloid temulentine (also recorded as temulene), which limits their use due to toxicity.

Standards and regulation:
The International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) includes specific detection protocols for L. temulentum seeds in grain‑purity assessments (ISTA Rules, current edition). ISO 13690 (Cereals — Determination of foreign seeds) provides a standard method for enumerating L. temulentum and other weed seeds in cereal shipments. European Union Regulation (EU) 2017/625 on official controls of cereals sets maximum allowable levels for the presence of L. temulentum seeds in wheat and rye intended for human consumption, ensuring compliance with food‑safety standards.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Lolium temulentum occurs naturally as a weed in cereal crops and is not cultivated for commercial production. Its presence in grain is managed through weed‑control measures rather than targeted harvesting, reflecting its role as an incidental contaminant rather than a deliberately sourced product.

Scientific and model‑organism use:
A draft genome assembly of the diploid L. temulentum has been published (e.g., “The draft genome of Lolium temulentum,” Plant Genetics, 2018) and deposited in public databases such as Gramene and Planteome. This genomic resource positions the species as a model for genetics, comparative genomics, and breeding research within the Lolium genus and broader Poaceae.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Bromus temulentus Bernh. Syst. Verz. Erf. : 47 (1800)
Craepalia temulenta Schrank Baier. Fl. 1: 382 (1789)
Lolium aegyptiacum Bell. ex Rouv. Monogr. Lolium : 43 (1853)
Lolium album Steud. Nomencl. Bot. : 493 (1821)
Lolium annuum Lam. Fl. Franç. 3: 620 (1779)
Lolium arvense With. Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 3 , 2: 168 (1796)
Lolium asperum Roth ex Kunth Enum. Pl. 1: 436 (1833)
Lolium berteronianum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 340 (1854)
Lolium cuneatum Nevski Fl. URSS 2: 547 (1934)
Lolium decipiens Dumort. Observ. Gramin. Belg. : 98 (1824)
Lolium giganteum hort. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 750 (1817)
Lolium gracile Dumort. Observ. Gramin. Belg. : 99 (1824)
Lolium gracile Hegetschw. Fl. Schweiz : 105 (1838)
Lolium gussonei Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur. : 844 (1882)
Lolium infelix Rouv. Monogr. Lolium : 38 (1853)
Lolium longiglume St.-Lag. Étude Fl. , éd. 8. 2: 955 (1889)
Lolium lucidum Dumort. Observ. Gramin. Belg. : 98 (1824)
Lolium maximum Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 1: 462 (1797)
Lolium maximum Guss. Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 60 (1843)
Lolium pseudolinicola Gennari Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: 97 (1870)
Lolium remotum f. asperum (Roth) Anghel & Beldie Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 572 (1972)
Lolium robustum Rchb. Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 2 (1834)
Lolium speciosum Steven ex M.Bieb. Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 80 (1808)
Lolium temulentum f. arvense (With.) Junge Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 30: 314 1913
Lolium temulentum subsp. arvense (With.) Tzvelev Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 75 (1971)
Lolium temulentum subsp. cuneatum (Nevski) Tzvelev Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 75 (1971)
Lolium temulentum subsp. speciosum (Steven ex M.Bieb.) Arcang. Comp. Fl. Ital. 799. 1882 (1882)
Lolium temulentum var. arvense (With.) Lilj. Utkast Sv. Fl. , ed. 3: 80 (1816)
Lolium temulentum var. leptochaeton A.Braun Flora 17: 241 (1834)
Lolium temulentum var. macrochaeton A.Braun Flora 17: 252 (1834)
Lolium temulentum var. muticum Boiss. Fl. Orient. 5: 681. 1884
Lolium temulentum var. semiglabrum Litv. Spisok Rast. Gerb. Russk. Fl. Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 5: 135. 1905
Lolium temulentum var. speciosum (Steven) Griseb. Fl. Ross. 4: 345 1852
Lolium triticoides Janka Linnaea 30: 622 (1860)
Loliola pratensis Dubois Fl. Auvergne , ed. 2: 181 (1800)
Festuca temulenta (L.) J.P.Sm. & Columbus Aliso 29: 51 (2011)
Lolium temulentum f. macrochaeton (A.Braun) Junge Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 30: 314 1913
Lolium temulentum f. muticum (Boiss.) Rech.f. Fl. Aegaea 787 1943
Lolium temulentum var. temulentum L. Flora Australiensis 7 1878
Lolium asperum Roth
Lolium temulentum var. speciosum (Steven ex M.Bieb.) Koch Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. (ed. 2) 957 1843
Lolium temulentum f. leve Pamp. Boll. Mus. Republ. San Marino 1: 141 (1917)
Lolium temulentum subsp. gussonei (Parl.) Arcang. Comp. Fl. Ital. : 799 (1882)
Lolium temulentum subsp. robustum (Rchb.) Berher Fl. Vosges , éd. 2: 254 (1887)
Lolium temulentum var. submuticum Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 162 (1812)
Lolium arvense var. minor Desm. Cat. Pl. Omises Botanogr. Belg. : 39 (1823)
Lolium temulentum var. brevisetum Bouvier Fl. Alpes Suisse Savoie : 769 (1878)
Lolium temulentum var. laeve Peterm. Bot. Excurs. Leipzig : 573 (1846)
Lolium temulentum var. laevigatum Mutel Fl. Franç. Herbor. , Atl.: t. 91, f. 643 (1834)
Lolium arvense var. muticum Pauquy Statist. Bot. Somme : 487 (1831)
Lolium arvense var. geniculatum Dumort. Observ. Gramin. Belg. : 98 (1824)
Lolium arvense var. minus Gaudin Fl. Helv. 1: 354 (1828)
Lolium temulentum var. maximum (Willd.) Steud. & Hochst. Enum. Pl. Germ. : 17 (1826)
Lolium temulentum var. subbivalve St.-Amans Fl. Agen. : 50 (1821)
Lolium temulentum var. dissitum Mutel Fl. Franç. Herbor. 4: 142 (1837)
Lolium temulentum var. album Asch. Fl. Brandenburg 1: 877 (1864)
Lolium temulentum var. robustissimum Mutel Fl. Franç. Herbor. , Atl.: t. 91, f. 642 (1834)
Lolium arvense var. hostii Dumort. Observ. Gramin. Belg. : 98 (1824)
Lolium temulentum var. aristatum Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 161 (1812)
Lolium arvense var. speciosum Gaudin Fl. Helv. 1: 354 (1828)
Lolium temulentum var. decipiens (Dumort.) T.Durand Cat. Fl. Liégeoise : 74 (1878)
Lolium temulentum var. longisetum Bouvier Fl. Alpes Suisse Savoie : 769 (1878)
Lolium arvense var. majus Fr. Novit. Fl. Svec. : 110 (1824)
Lolium arvense var. liniforme Dumort. Observ. Gramin. Belg. : 98 (1824)
Lolium arvense var. major Hagenb. Fl. Basil. , App.: 986 (1834)
Lolium temulentum var. agricolum Neuman Sver. Fl. : 730 (1901)
Lolium temulentum f. asperum (Asch.) Neuman Sver. Fl. : 730 (1901)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English darnel ryegrass, bearded darnel, tares
English darnel ryegrass
English darnel
Spanish zizana comun
Spanish zizana común
Spanish zizaña del trigo
Spanish cizana comun
Spanish bromus temulentus
Spanish baliyo
Spanish barrachuela
Spanish borrachuela
Spanish bueligo
Spanish buéligo
Spanish zizaña
Spanish cizana común
Spanish cizaña comun
Spanish cizania
Spanish jolio
Spanish lliojo
Spanish vallico falso
Spanish luejo
Amharic እንክርዳድ
Arabic زوان
Arabic غلاب
Arabic جليف
Arabic شليم الزوان
Arabic براقة
Arabic كتيب
Arabic زوان مسكر
Arabic خرطان
Arabic رويطة
Arabic شيلم
Arabic شولم
Arabic شالم
Azerbaijani bihuşedici quramit
Belarusian Жыцік ап’яняючы
Catalan zitzània
Catalan ivraie enivrante
Catalan jull
Czech jílek mámivý
Welsh efrau
Danish giftig rajgræs
German taumel-lolch
German rauschgras
German ivraie enivrante
German taumellolch
Esperanto lolo
Estonian uimastav raihein
Basque iraka
Persian چچم
Persian گیجدانه
Finnish myrkkyraiheinä
French ivraie enivrante
French herbe à couteau
Galician xoio
grc θύαρος
grc αἶρα
grc ζιζάνιον
Hebrew זון משכר
Croatian pijani ljulj
Upper Sorbian pjanka
Upper Sorbian zamotowanka
Upper Sorbian jědojta motawa
Hungarian szédítő vadóc
Hungarian konkolyperje
Armenian Հարբեցնող որոմ
io lolio
Japanese 毒麦
Japanese ドクムギ
Korean 독보리
Lithuanian ivraie enivrante
Lithuanian nelaboji svidrė
Macedonian дива лулка
Macedonian пијанка
Macedonian пијанец
Norwegian Bokmål svimling
Dutch dolik
os Расыггæнæг сысылы
Punjabi ਰਾਈ ਘਾਹ
Polish życica roczna
Polish Życica roczna
Portuguese joio
Quechua khipa qachu
Russian Плевел опьяняющий
Swedish ivraie enivrante
Swedish dårrepe
Walloon sôlante dråwe
Walloon dårnale
Chinese 毒麥
Chinese 长芒毒麦
Chinese 毒麦

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Lolium temulentum f. scabrum (Koch) Soó Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17(1-2): 119. 1972 [1971 publ. 1972]

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
      • Canary Islands
      • Madeira
      • Selvagens
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Eritrea
      • Ethiopia
      • Socotra
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Egypt
      • Libya
      • Morocco
      • Tunisia
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Zimbabwe
    • Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces
      • Free State
      • Kwazulu-Natal
      • Lesotho
      • Northern Provinces
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Mauritius
      • Réunion
  • Asia-temperate
    • Arabian Peninsula
      • Gulf States
      • Kuwait
      • Oman
      • Saudi Arabia
      • Yemen
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China Southeast
      • Manchuria
      • Qinghai
      • Tibet
      • Xinjiang
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
      • Tadzhikistan
      • Turkmenistan
      • Uzbekistan
    • Russian Far East
      • Kuril Islands
      • Primorye
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Krasnoyarsk
      • Tuva
    • Western Asia
      • Afghanistan
      • Cyprus
      • East Aegean Islands
      • Iran
      • Iraq
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Palestine
      • Sinai
      • Turkey
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • Sri Lanka
      • West Himalaya
    • Malesia
      • Jawa
      • Philippines
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • New South Wales
      • Queensland
      • South Australia
      • Tasmania
      • Victoria
      • Western Australia
    • New Zealand
      • New Zealand North
      • New Zealand South
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • Krym
      • North European Russia
      • Northwest European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Finland
      • Great Britain
      • Ireland
      • Norway
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Kriti
      • Romania
      • Sicilia
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares
      • Corse
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Sardegna
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Newfoundland
      • Ontario
      • Québec
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Central
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southwest
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Minnesota
      • Missouri
      • North Dakota
      • Oklahoma
      • South Dakota
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut
      • Maine
      • Massachusetts
      • Michigan
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Rhode Island
      • Vermont
      • West Virginia
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Delaware
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Tennessee
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • California
    • Subarctic America
      • Alaska
      • Yukon
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan
  • Pacific
    • North-central Pacific
      • Hawaii
    • Southwestern Pacific
      • New Caledonia
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil South
      • Brazil Southeast
    • Caribbean
      • Cuba
    • Central America
      • Guatemala
      • Panamá
    • Northern South America
      • Venezuela
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina Northwest
      • Argentina South
      • Chile Central
      • Chile South
      • Uruguay
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia
      • Colombia
      • Ecuador
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000878503
UNII ZJY27GP8RT
Florida Plant Atlas 1401
Flora of Alabama 4862
Canadensys 7759
USDA Plants LOTE2
Tropicos 25509744
INPN 106517
Flora of Italy 7388
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:407516-1
The Plant List kew-422908
Open Tree Of Life 215794
Observations.org 2614
NCBI Taxonomy 34176
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000002530
Nature Serve 2.142983
IPNI 407516-1
iNaturalist 164712
GBIF 2706242
Freebase /m/0gwhnp
EPPO LOLTE
EOL 1114469
Elurikkus 5527
USDA GRIN 22502
Wikipedia Lolium_temulentum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
A tribute to Georges Bernier (1934–2023) Périlleux C J Exp Bot 27-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10967244
doi:10.1093/jxb/erae055
Chemically Mediated Plant–Plant Interactions: Allelopathy and Allelobiosis Kong CH, Li Z, Li FL, Xia XX, Wang P Plants (Basel) 24-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10934397
doi:10.3390/plants13050626
PMID:38475470
Ecological and Syntaxonomic Analysis of the Communities of Glebionis coronaria and G. discolor (Malvion neglectae) in the European Mediterranean Area Cano E, Cano-Ortiz A, Quinto Canas R, Piñar Fuentes JC, Rodrigues Meireles C, Raposo M, Pinto Gomes C, Laface VL, Spampinato G, Musarella CM Plants (Basel) 20-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10934477
doi:10.3390/plants13050568
PMID:38475415
Regulatory frameworks involved in the floral induction, formation and developmental programming of woody horticultural plants: a case study on blueberries Song GQ, Liu Z, Zhong GY Front Plant Sci 12-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10894941
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1336892
PMID:38410737
Plant-related Philistine ritual practices at biblical Gath Frumin S, Maeir AM, Eniukhina M, Dagan A, Weiss E Sci Rep 12-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10861565
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52974-9
PMID:38347005
Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2023 Gibin D, Gutierrez Linares A, Fasanelli E, Pasinato L, Delbianco A EFSA J 15-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10722330
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8477
PMID:38107375
Editorial: Ecological management of invasive alien plants Clements DR, Shen S Front Plant Sci 05-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10729658
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1345472
PMID:38116148
Impacts of climate change on climatically suitable regions of two invasive Erigeron weeds in China Huang Y, Zhang G, Fu W, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Li Z, Qin Y Front Plant Sci 28-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10569594
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1238656
PMID:37841613
Exploration of the Wild Edible Plants Used for Basic Health Care by Local People of Bahawalpur and Adjacent Regions, Pakistan Anwar T, Qureshi H, Naeem H, Shahzadi S, Sehar Z, Hassan R Foods 25-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10573077
doi:10.3390/foods12193557
PMID:37835210
Biological functions of endophytic bacteria in Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Hongsen’ Huang M, Chen L, Ma J, Mo J, He L, Liang Q, Peng G, Tan Z Front Microbiol 09-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10446884
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128727
PMID:37621396
On the verge of domestication: Early use of C4 plants in the Horn of Africa Ruiz-Giralt A, Nixon-Darcus L, D’Andrea AC, Meresa Y, Biagetti S, Lancelotti C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 26-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10319037
doi:10.1073/pnas.2300166120
PMID:37364120
Coffee-Associated Endophytes: Plant Growth Promotion and Crop Protection Asad S, Priyashantha AK, Tibpromma S, Luo Y, Zhang J, Fan Z, Zhao L, Shen K, Niu C, Lu L, Promputtha I, Karunarathna SC Biology (Basel) 25-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10376224
doi:10.3390/biology12070911
PMID:37508343
Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade Gupta A, Meshram V, Gupta M, Goyal S, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M, Shukla KK Biomolecules 25-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10377637
doi:10.3390/biom13071038
PMID:37509074
Distribution Patterns and Determinants of Invasive Alien Plants in China Chen J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Wang C, Ma F, Xu H Plants (Basel) 16-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10300983
doi:10.3390/plants12122341
PMID:37375966
Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 31 December 2022 Gibin D, Pasinato L, Delbianco A EFSA J 13-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10262070
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8061
PMID:37325259

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Loline alkaloids and derivatives
(1-acetamido-7-chloro-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-2-yl) N-methyl-N-(2-oxa-6-azatricyclo[4.2.1.03,7]nonan-8-yl)carbamate 75953658 Click to see 398.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570182
(1R,2R,7R,7aS)-1-Acetamido-7-chlorohexahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-2-yl ((1S,6R,7R,7aS)-hexahydro-1H-1,6-epoxypyrrolizin-7-yl)(methyl)carbamate 52918318 Click to see 398.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570182
(1R,3R,7S,8R)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxa-6-azatricyclo[4.2.1.03,7]nonan-8-amine 101613942 Click to see CN(C)C1C2CN3C1C(O2)CC3 168.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570181
(1R,3S)-N-methyl-2-oxa-6-azatricyclo[4.2.1.03,7]nonan-8-amine 145720538 Click to see 154.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.3109/13880208809053926
Loline 716098 Click to see 154.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2007-969459
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570181
N-((1S,6R,7R,7aS)-Hexahydro-1H-1,6-epoxypyrrolizin-7-yl)-N-methylformamide 14313946 Click to see 182.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570181
N-(2-oxa-6-azatricyclo[4.2.1.03,7]nonan-8-yl)formamide 14488254 Click to see C1CN2CC3C(C2C1O3)NC=O 168.19 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570227
n-(Hexahydro-1h-1,6-epoxypyrrolizin-7-yl)-n-methylformamide 107859 Click to see CN(C=O)C1C2CN3C1C(O2)CC3 182.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570181
N-Acetyl-N-demethylloline 3833472 Click to see 182.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570181
N-Acetylnorloline 12018901 Click to see 182.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570181
N-Demethylloine 361058 Click to see 140.18 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570181
https://doi.org/10.3109/13880208809053926
N-Formylloline 145720536 Click to see 182.22 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570181
N-Formylnorloline 78358525 Click to see C1CN2CC3C(C2C1O3)NC=O 168.19 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570227
N-Methyl-2-oxa-6-azatricyclo[4.2.1.03,7]nonan-8-amine 3716322 Click to see CNC1C2CN3C1C(O2)CC3 154.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570181
N-Methylloline 168027 Click to see 168.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570181
N,N-dimethyl-2-oxa-6-azatricyclo[4.2.1.03,7]nonan-8-amine 14488249 Click to see CN(C)C1C2CN3C1C(O2)CC3 168.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570181
Norloline 906672 Click to see 140.18 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570181
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C19-gibberellins / C19-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids
Gibberellic acid 6466 Click to see CC12C(C=CC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O)O 346.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC32011/
Gibberellin A1 5280379 Click to see CC12C(CCC3(C1C(C45C3CCC(C4)(C(=C)C5)O)C(=O)O)OC2=O)O 348.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC32011/
Gibberellin A20 5280481 Click to see 332.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC32011/
Gibberellin A29 14605548 Click to see 348.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC32011/
Gibberellin A44 5460372 Click to see 346.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC32011/
Gibberellin A8 5280607 Click to see 364.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC32011/
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / C20-gibberellins / C20-gibberellin 6-carboxylic acids
Gibberellin A19 5460209 Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1C(C34C2CCC(C3)(C(=C)C4)O)C(=O)O)C=O)C(=O)O 362.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC32011/
Gibberellin A53 440914 Click to see CC12CCCC(C1C(C34C2CCC(C3)(C(=C)C4)O)C(=O)O)(C)C(=O)O 348.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC32011/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrrolizidines
(Hexahydro-2,4-methano-4H-furo[3,2-B]pyrrol-3-YL)methylcarbamic acid [6-acetylamino-4-chloro-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-7-YL] ester 101316803 Click to see 398.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570182

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