Aristolochia debilis
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400a8e9b54b253165289 |
| Scientific name | Aristolochia debilis |
| Authority | Siebold & Zucc. |
| First published in | Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 197 (1846) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Aristolochic acid I (AA‑I) and related aristolochic acids (AA‑II, AA‑IIIa, AA‑IIIb) are isolated from the aerial parts of Aristolochia debilis. The isolated compounds are employed as analytical reference standards by laboratories for quantification of aristolochic acids in botanical matrices using HPLC‑UV and LC‑MS/MS. Typical purity of these standards is ≥95 % (w/w) and they are supplied in sealed ampoules under controlled storage conditions (≤ 4 °C, protected from light). The plant material has also been used as a source of bulk aristolochic acids for preparing reference solutions in method development.
Properties relevant to use:
- The major constituent, AA‑I (C₁₇H₁₁NO₅, molecular weight 342.28 g mol⁻¹), displays a characteristic UV absorption maximum at 250–260 nm (ε ≈ 13 000 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹) and exhibits good solubility in polar organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile, facilitating extraction and chromatographic separation. The compound is stable under acidic conditions (pH 2–3) but degrades under strong alkaline conditions (pH > 9). These physicochemical properties enable reliable quantification by HPLC‑UV and LC‑MS/MS without derivatization. The natural mixture of aristolochic acid analogues present in A. debilis provides a matrix that mimics the natural profile of these compounds, which is useful for calibration in forensic and regulatory analyses.
Scientific and model organism use:
- De‑novo transcriptome sequencing of leaf, stem, and flower tissues of A. debilis has been deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA), supporting gene‑annotation of the biosynthetic pathway leading to aristolochic acids. The assembled draft genome is publicly available in GenBank, facilitating comparative genomics across the Aristolochiaceae and functional validation of candidate enzymes (e.g., prenyltransferases, oxidases) involved in AA biosynthesis. The species has been investigated for its pollination biology, revealing a specialized fly‑pollination syndrome, and these observations are employed in comparative studies of plant–pollinator coevolution.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Aristolochia recurvilabra | Hance | J. Bot. 11: 75 (1873) |
| Aristolochia sinarum | Lindl. | Gard. Chron. 1859: 708 (1859) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Japanese | ウマノスズクサ |
| lzh | 馬兜鈴 |
| Chinese | 定海根 |
| Chinese | 馬兜鈴 |
| Chinese | 百骑大栗树 |
| Chinese | 野木香根 |
| Chinese | 蛇参果 |
| Chinese | 独铃根 |
| Chinese | 独行根 |
| Chinese | 朱砂莲 |
| Chinese | 兜铃根 |
| Chinese | 三百银药 |
| Chinese | 一点气 |
| Chinese | 大青木香 |
| Chinese | 马兜铃 |
| Chinese | 天仙藤 |
| Chinese | 青木香 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China North-central
- China South-central
- China Southeast
-
Eastern Asia
- Japan
-
China
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000547728 |
| UNII | 79D8J3Q25K |
| Tropicos | 2500339 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:92883-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2651341 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 82050 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 158541 |
| IPNI | 92883-1 |
| iNaturalist | 371228 |
| GBIF | 3588727 |
| EPPO | ARPDE |
| EOL | 2872732 |
| USDA GRIN | 4089 |
| CMAUP | NPO24916 |
| PFAF | Aristolochia debilis |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines | |||||
| (+)-Magnoflorine | 73337 | Click to see | 342.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Magnoflorine iodide, (+)-(RG) | 131664584 | Click to see | 469.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Aristolactams | |||||
| Aristolactam | 96710 | Click to see | 293.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPBA.2010.01.023 |
| Aristolactam Ii | 148745 | Click to see | 263.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Aristololactam IIIa | 5319620 | Click to see | 279.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters | |||||
| 1,2-Benzenedi(carboxylic-14C)acid, dibutyl ester | 171810 | Click to see CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC | 282.33 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives | |||||
| Syringic Acid | 10742 | Click to see | 198.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Vanillic Acid | 8468 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)O | 168.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Aristolochic acids and derivatives | |||||
| 9-Hydroxy-8-Methoxy-6-Nitro-Phenanthrol(3,4-D)(1,3)Dioxole-5-Carboxylic Acid | 1941 | Click to see | 357.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Aristolochic acid | 2236 | Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C3C(=C(C=C21)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=CC4=C3OCO4)C(=O)O | 341.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPBA.2010.01.023 |
| Aristolochic acid C | 165274 | Click to see C1OC2=C(O1)C3=C4C=C(C=CC4=CC(=C3C(=C2)C(=O)O)[N+](=O)[O-])O | 327.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Aristolochic acid Ia | 148297 | Click to see C1OC2=C(O1)C3=C4C=CC=C(C4=CC(=C3C(=C2)C(=O)O)[N+](=O)[O-])O | 327.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Aristolochic Acid Ii | 108168 | Click to see | 311.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Aristolochic Acid Iv | 167493 | Click to see COC1=CC2=C3C(=C(C=C2C(=C1)OC)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=CC4=C3OCO4)C(=O)O | 371.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Aristolochic acid-D | 161218 | Click to see | 357.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl 3,4-dimethoxy-10-nitrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate | 5320068 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C(=C1)C(=O)OC)C(=CC3=CC=CC=C32)[N+](=O)[O-])OC | 341.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes | |||||
| Heptadecane | 12398 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 240.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds | |||||
| Isosinomenine A | 5422 | Click to see CN1CCC2=CC(=C3C=C2C1CC4=CC=C(C=C4)OC5=C(C=CC(=C5)CC6C7=C(O3)C(=C(C=C7CCN6C)OC)OC)OC)OC | 622.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters / Acyl carnitines | |||||
| Heptadecanoyl carnitine | 53477803 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CC(=O)[O-])C[N+](C)(C)C | 413.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Octadecanoic 1-14C acid | 164708 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 286.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Pentadecanoate | 22169126 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-] | 241.39 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Dodecanoate | 4149208 | Click to see | 199.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc283274 | 11252659 | Click to see | 201.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives | |||||
| methyl (9E,13E)-octadeca-9,13-dienoate | 5319705 | Click to see | 294.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Acyclic diterpenoids | |||||
| (E,7R,11R)-15-methyl-3,7,11-tri((113C)methyl)(1,5,9,13,16-13C5)hexadec-2-en-1-ol | 11301173 | Click to see | 304.47 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| Myrcene | 31253 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids | |||||
| Carvacrol | 10364 | Click to see CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)C)O | 150.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| (-)-Camphene | 440966 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4S)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one | 23308299 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(=O)C2)C)C | 152.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Acetic acid 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo(2.2.1)hept-2-yl ester | 6448 | Click to see | 196.29 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| alpha-Pinene, (+)- | 82227 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Beta-Pinene | 14896 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Camphor | 2537 | Click to see | 152.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| CID 44630107 | 44630107 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC1(C(C2)O)C)C | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Myrtenal, (A+-)- | 1201529 | Click to see | 150.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc126240 | 44630108 | Click to see | 196.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Tricyclene | 79035 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| (L)-alpha-terpineol | 443162 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Carvone, (-)- | 439570 | Click to see | 150.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Carvone, (+)- | 16724 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1=O)C(=C)C | 150.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| p-Menth-3-en-1-ol | 11468 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,5R,6S,8S,9R,10R)-5,6,9-trimethyltetracyclo[7.2.1.01,6.08,10]dodecan-7-one | 101603270 | Click to see CC1CCCC23C1(C(=O)C4C(C2)C4(C3)C)C | 218.33 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (1S,5R,7S,10R)-4,10-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.01,5]dec-3-ene | 134779875 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| (1S,5S,6S,8S,9S,10R)-5,6,9-trimethyltetracyclo[7.2.1.01,6.08,10]dodecan-4-one | 162908765 | Click to see | 218.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.37.341 |
| (1S,5S,6S,9S)-5,6,9-trimethyltetracyclo[7.2.1.01,6.08,10]dodecan-4-one | 163195109 | Click to see | 218.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.37.341 |
| (1Z,4E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene | 45115091 | Click to see CC1=CCC(C=CCC(=CCC1)C)(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3R,6E)-Nerolidol | 11241545 | Click to see | 222.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1,6-Dimethyl-4-isopropyltetralin | 10224 | Click to see CC1CCC(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)C)C(C)C | 202.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| 4-(2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-buten-2-one | 6431122 | Click to see | 194.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| alpha-Cubebene | 442359 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| alpha-Guaiene | 5317844 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| alpha-Santalene | 94164 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| Cadina-1(10),4-diene | 10223 | Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(=C2CC1)C)C(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| Calamenene | 6429077 | Click to see | 202.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| Caryophyllene,alpha + beta mixt. | 5354499 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| delta-Cadinene | 441005 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| Delta-Guaiene | 94275 | Click to see CC1CCC2=C(CCC(CC12)C(=C)C)C | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| gamma-Cadinene | 15094 | Click to see CC1=CC2C(CC1)C(=C)CCC2C(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| gamma-Cadinene | 6432404 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| Humulene | 5281520 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aristolane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (1S,1aR,7R,7aR,7bR)-1,7,7a-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,7,7b-hexahydro-1aH-cyclopropa[a]naphthalene-1-carbaldehyde | 102188453 | Click to see CC1CCC=C2C1(C3C(C3(C)C=O)CC2)C | 218.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83460-3 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids / 5,10-cycloaromadendrane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (1aS,4aS,7aS,7bR)-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylidene-2,3,4a,5,6,7,7a,7b-octahydro-1aH-cyclopropa[e]azulene | 91746456 | Click to see CC1CCC2C1C3C(C3(C)C)CCC2=C | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| 1H-Cycloprop(e)azulene, decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, (1aR-(1aalpha,4abeta,7alpha,7abeta,7balpha))- | 91354 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Chamigranes | |||||
| beta-Chamigrene | 442353 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Elemane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| Beta-Elemene | 6918391 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Ambrosanolides and secoambrosanolides | |||||
| Tetraneurin A | 174868 | Click to see | 322.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Guaianolides and derivatives | |||||
| (3As,6R,6Ar,9R,9As,9Bs)-6,9-Dihydroxy-6,9-Dimethyl-3-Methylenedecahydroazuleno(4,5-B)Furan-2(9Bh)-One | 5319198 | Click to see | 266.33 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc29 | 6432744 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carbothioic S-acids | |||||
| pentadecanethioic S-acid | 18413781 | Click to see | 258.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives | |||||
| 1-(2,5-Dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-YL)urea | 6852197 | Click to see | 156.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| (2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 7576924 | Click to see | 272.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes | |||||
| Hexenal | 10460 | Click to see | 98.14 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| trans-2-Hexenal | 5281168 | Click to see | 98.14 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50052A041 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azoles / Imidazoles | |||||
| Allantoin | 204 | Click to see C1(C(=O)NC(=O)N1)NC(=O)N | 158.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Isoquinolines and derivatives / Benzylisoquinolines | |||||
| Csh 068 | 259676 | Click to see | 327.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxanes | |||||
| 1,8-Cineole | 2758 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| Cis-P-Coumaric Acid | 1549106 | Click to see | 164.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| P-Coumaric Acid | 637542 | Click to see | 164.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |